Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ قالَ الشَّيخُ الإِمامُ السَّعيدُ الفَقيهُ [نَزيلُ الرَّيِّ] أَبُو جَعفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ عَلِيِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ بنِ مُوسَى بنِ بابَوَيْهِ القُمِّيِّ مُصَنِّفُ هذا الكِتابِ - قَدَّسَ اللَّهُ رُوحَهُ -: أمَّا بَعدُ فَإِنَّهُ لَمَّا ساقَني القَضاءُ إِلى بِلادِ الغُربَةِ، وحَصَّلَني القَدَرُ مِنها بِأَرضِ بَلقِ مِن قَصبَةِ إِيلاقٍ وَرَدَها الشَّريفُ الدِّينُ أَبُو عَبدِ اللَّهِ المَعرُوفُ بِنِعمَةٍ - وَهوَ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ إِسحَاقَ بنِ [الحَسَنِ بنِ] الحُسَينِ بنِ إِسحَاقَ بنِ مُوسَى بنِ جَعفَرَ بنِ مُحَمَّدٍ بنِ عَلِيِّ بنِ الحُسَينِ بنِ عَلِيِّ بنِ أَبِي طالِبٍ عَلَيهِمُ السَّلامُ. فَدامَ بِمُجالَسَتِهِ سُرُورِي وَانشَرَحَ بِذَاكِرَتِهِ صَدرِي وَعَظُمَ بِمَوَدَّتِهِ تَشَرُّفِي، لِأَخلاقٍ قَد جَمَعَها إِلى شَرَفِهِ مِن سِترٍ وَصَلاحٍ، وَسَكِينَةٍ وَوَقارٍ وَدِيَانَةٍ وَعَفافٍ، وَتَقوًى وَإِخبَاتٍ. فَذاكَرَنِي بِكِتابٍ صَنَّفَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ زَكرِيَّا المُتَطَبِّبُ الرَّازِي وَتَرجَمَهُ بِكِتابِ "مَن لا يَحضُرُهُ الطَّبِيبُ" وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ شافٍ في مَعناهُ، وَسَأَلَنِي أَن أُصَنِّفَ لَهُ كِتابًا في الفِقهِ وَالحَلالِ وَالحَرامِ، وَالشَّرائِعِ وَالأَحكامِ، مُوفِيًا عَلى جَميعِ ما صَنَّفتُ في مَعناهُ وَأُتَرجِمُهُ بِـ"كِتابِ مَن لا يَحضُرُهُ الفَقيهُ" لِيَكونَ إِلَيهِ مَرجِعُهُ وَعَلَيهِ مُعتَمَدُهُ، وَبِهِ أَخذُهُ، وَيَشتَرِكُ في أَجرِهِ مَن يَنظُرُ فيهِ، وَيَنسَخُهُ وَيَعمَلُ بِمَودَعِهِ، هذا مَعَ نَسخِهِ لِأَكثَرِ ما صَحِبَنِي مِن مُصَنَّفَاتِي وَسَماعِهِ لَها، وَرِوايَتِها عَنِّي، وَوُقوفِهِ عَلى جُملَتِها، وَهِيَ مِائَتا كِتابٍ وَخَمسَةٌ وَأَربَعونَ كِتابًا. فَأَجبَتهُ - أَدامَ اللَّهُ تَوفيقَهُ - إِلى ذلكَ لِأَنِّي وَجَدتُهُ أَهلًا لَهُ، وَصَنَّفتُ لَهُ هذا الكِتابَ بِحَذفِ الأَسانيدِ لِئَلَّا تَكثُرَ طُرُقُهُ وَإِن كَثُرَت فَوائِدُهُ، وَلَم أَقصِد فيهِ قَصدَ المُصَنِّفينَ في إِيرادِ جَميعِ ما رَوَوهُ، بَل قَصدتُ إِلى إِيرادِ ما أُفتِي بِهِ وَأَحكُمُ بِصِحَّتِهِ وَأَعتَقِدُ فيهِ أَنَّهُ حُجَّةٌ فيما بَينِي وَبَينَ رَبِّي - تَقَدَّسَ ذِكرُهُ وَتَعالَت قُدرَتُهُ. وَجَميعُ ما فيهِ مُستَخرَجٌ مِن كُتُبٍ مَشهورةٍ، عَلَيها المُعَوَّلُ وَإِلَيها المَرجِعُ، مِثلَ كِتابِ حَرِيزِ بنِ عَبدِ اللَّهِ السِّجِستانِيِّ وَكِتابِ عُبَيدِ اللَّهِ بنِ عَلِيِّ الحَلَبِيِّ وَكُتُبِ عَلِيِّ بنِ مهزيار الأَهوَازِيِّ، وَكُتُبِ الحُسَينِ بنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَنَوادِرِ أَحمَدَ بنِ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ عِيسَى وَكِتابِ نَوادِرِ الحِكمَةِ تَصنِيفِ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ أَحمَدَ بنِ يَحيى بنِ عِمرانَ الأَشعَرِيِّ وَكِتابِ الرَّحمَةِ لِسَعدِ بنِ عَبدِ اللَّهِ وَجامِعِ شَيخِنا مُحَمَّدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ بنِ الوَلِيدِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنهُ وَنَوادِرِ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ أَبِي عُمَيرٍ وَكُتُبِ المُحاسِنِ لِأَحمَدَ بنِ أَبِي عَبدِ اللَّهِ البَرقِيِّ وَرِسالَةِ أَبِي - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنهُ - إِلَي غَيرِها مِن الأُصولِ وَالمُصَنَّفاتِ الَّتي طُرُقِي إِلَيها مَعرُوفَةٌ في فِهرِسِ الكُتُبِ الَّتي رَوَيتُها عَن مَشايِخِي وَأَسلافي - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنهُم. وَبالَغتُ في ذلكَ جُهدِي، مُستَعِينًا بِاللَّهِ، وَمُتَوَكِّلًا عَلَيهِ، وَمُستَغفِرًا مِن التَّقصِيرِ، وَما تَوفِيقِي إِلّا بِاللَّهِ عَلَيهِ تَوَكَّلتُ وَإِلَيهِ أُنيبُ، وَهوَ حَسبي وَنِعمَ الوَكيلُ.

In the name of Allah (swt), the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The honourable Shaykh Al Jaleel, and jurist, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn Musa ibn Babawayh al-Qummi, the author of this book—may Allah (swt) sanctify his soul—wrote: After praise to Allah (swt), it happened that fate drove me to the lands of exile, and destiny brought me to the land of Balkh, specifically the town of Ilaq. There arrived the noble Sharif al-Din Abu Abdullah, known as Ni‘mah—Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ishaq ibn [al-Hasan ibn] al-Husayn ibn Ishaq ibn Musa ibn Ja‘far ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon them all). With his companionship, my happiness was prolonged, my heart was comforted by his memory, and my honor was elevated by his affection, due to his noble character combined with virtues such as modesty, piety, calmness, dignity, religiosity, chastity, godliness, and humility. He mentioned to me a book authored by Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi, the physician, titled Man La Yahduruhu al-Tabeeb (For Him Who Has No Access to a Doctor), which he found to be effective in its purpose. He requested that I compile for him a book on jurisprudence, covering lawful and unlawful matters, and the statutes and rulings, comprehensively surpassing all I had previously written on the subject, and title it Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih (For Him Who Has No Access to a Jurist). The intention was for it to serve as his reference, foundation, and guide—one through which he could achieve reward, along with those who read, copy, or act upon its contents. This was in addition to his copying most of what I carried with me from my works, listening to them, narrating them from me, and familiarizing himself with their entirety, which amounted to two hundred and forty-five books. I agreed to his request (may Allah (swt) grant him continuous success) because I found him deserving of it. I compiled this book by omitting the chains of narration to avoid excessive length, while ensuring its benefits were plentiful. I did not intend to follow the approach of other compilers who include all they have narrated. Instead, I included only what I issue fatwas upon, deem to be authentic, and believe to be a proof between me and my Lord (azj) —exalted be His remembrance and elevated be His power. Everything in this book is derived from well-known books that are relied upon and referenced, such as the book of Hariz ibn Abdullah al-Sijistani, the book of Ubaydullah ibn Ali al-Halabi, the works of Ali ibn Mahziyar al-Ahwazi, the books of al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id, the Nawadir of Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa, the Nawadir al-Hikmah compiled by Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya ibn Imran al-Ash‘ari, the Kitab al-Rahmah by Sa‘d ibn Abdullah, the compilation of our Sheikh Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Walid (may Allah (swt) be pleased with them), the Nawadir of Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr, the books of al-Muhasin by Ahmad ibn Abi Abdullah al-Barqi, the letters of my father (may Allah be pleased with them), and other foundational texts and compilations. The paths to these works are well-known in the catalog of books I have narrated from my teachers and predecessors (may Allah (swt) be pleased with them). I have exerted my utmost effort in this task, seeking Allah’s (swt) assistance, placing my trust in Him, and asking forgiveness for any shortcomings. My success is only through Allah (swt). Upon Him I rely, and to Him I turn. He is sufficient for me, and He is the best trustee.

قال الشيخ السعيد الفقيه أبو جعفر محمد بن علي بن الحسين بن موسى بن بابويه القمي مصنف هذا الكتاب رحمة الله عليه: إن الله تبارك وتعالى يقول: "۝ وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءًۭ طَهُورًۭا ۝. ويقول عز وجل: "۝ وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءًۢ بِقَدَرٍۢ فَأَسْكَنَّـٰهُ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۖ وَإِنَّا عَلَىٰ ذَهَابٍۭ بِهِۦ لَقَـٰدِرُونَ ۝. ويقول عز وجل: "۝ وَيُنَزِّلُ عَلَيْكُم مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءًۭ لِّيُطَهِّرَكُم بِهِ ۝. فأصل الماء كله من السماء وهو طهور كله، وماء البحر طهور، وماء البئر طهور.

The virtuous scholar, jurist Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Hussain ibn Musa ibn Babawayh al-Qummi, the author of this book, may God have mercy on him, said: "Indeed, Allah (swt), Blessed and Exalted, says: 'And We sent down from the sky pure water' (Surah Al Furqan 25:48). And He, Mighty and Majestic, says: 'And We sent down from the sky water in due measure, and We settled it in the earth, and indeed We are able to take it away' (Surah Al Mu'minun 23:18). And He, Mighty and Majestic, says: 'And He sent down upon you water from the sky to purify you with it' (Surah Al-Anfal 8:11). Therefore, all water originates from the sky, and all of it is purifying. Sea water is pure, and well water is pure."

1 - وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «كُلُّ مَاءٍ طَاهِرٌ إِلاَّ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهُ قَذِرٌ.

Hadith.1 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "All water is pure except for that which you know to be impure."

2 - وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «اَلْمَاءُ يُطَهِّرُ وَ لاَ يُطَهَّرُ.

Hadith.2 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Water purifies, but is not purified itself”.

3 - وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِذَا كَانَ اَلْمَاءُ قَدْرَ قُلَّتَيْنِ لَمْ يُنَجِّسْهُ شَيْءٌ وَ اَلْقُلَّتَانِ جَرَّتَانِ.

Hadith.3 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), said: "If the water is the amount of two qullas, nothing can make it impure, and two qullas are (equal to) two jars”.

4 - وَ سَأَلَ هِشَامُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلسَّطْحِ يُبَالُ عَلَيْهِ فَتُصِيبُهُ اَلسَّمَاءُ فَيَكِفُ فَيُصِيبُ اَلثَّوْبَ فَقَالَ «لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ مَا أَصَابَهُ مِنَ اَلْمَاءِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْهُ.

Hadith.4 - Hisham ibn Salim asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about a man urinating on a roof, then rain falls on it causing water to drip onto clothes. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it as long as the water that hits it is more than the urine”.

5 - وَ سُئِلَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ طِينِ اَلْمَطَرِ يُصِيبُ اَلثَّوْبَ فِيهِ اَلْبَوْلُ وَ اَلْعَذِرَةُ وَ اَلدَّمُ فَقَالَ «طِينُ اَلْمَطَرِ لاَ يُنَجِّسُ.

Hadith.5 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked about rain-soaked mud that gets on clothes, which may contain urine, feces, and blood. Imam (as) said: "Rain-soaked mud does not make (the clothes) impure”.

6 - وَ سَأَلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ أَخَاهُ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلْبَيْتِ يُبَالُ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ وَ يُغْتَسَلُ مِنَ اَلْجَنَابَةِ ثُمَّ يُصِيبُهُ اَلْمَطَرُ أَ يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ مَائِهِ فَيُتَوَضَّأَ بِهِ لِلصَّلاَةِ فَقَالَ «إِذَا جَرَى فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ.

Hadith.6 - Ali ibn Ja'far asked his brother, Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) about a roof where people urinate and perform ritual washing after major impurity (ghusl), and then it rains. He asked: "Can the water that flows from it be used for ablution (wudu) for prayer?" Imam (as) said: "If it flows, there is no harm in it."

7 - وَ سَأَلَهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَمُرُّ فِي مَاءِ اَلْمَطَرِ وَ قَدْ صُبَّ فِيهِ خَمْرٌ فَأَصَابَ ثَوْبَهُ هَلْ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغْسِلَهُ فَقَالَ «لاَ يَغْسِلُ ثَوْبَهُ وَ لاَ رِجْلَهُ وَ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ وَ لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ.

Hadith.7 - Ali ibn Ja'far asked Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) was asked about a man who walks through rainwater into which wine has been poured in and it gets on his clothes. Should he wash it before praying in those clothes? Imam (as) said: "He does not need to wash his clothes or his feet, and he may pray in them, and there is no harm in it."

8 - وَ سَأَلَ عَمَّارٌ اَلسَّابَاطِيُّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْقَيْءِ يُصِيبُ اَلثَّوْبَ فَلاَ يُغْسَلُ فَقَالَ «لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ.

Hadith.8 - Ammar al-Sabati asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about vomit that gets on clothing and is not washed off. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it."