Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

1026 - وَ سَأَلَ عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ مِنَ اَلْمَكْتُوبَةِ فَلاَ يَجْلِسُ فِيهِمَا فَقَالَ «إِنْ ذَكَرَ وَ هُوَ قَائِمٌ فِي اَلثَّالِثَةِ فَلْيَجْلِسْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ حَتَّى رَكَعَ فَلْيُتِمَّ صَلاَتَهُ ثُمَّ يَسْجُدُ سَجْدَتَيْنِ وَ هُوَ جَالِسٌ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ.

Hadith.1026 - Abdullah ibn Abi Ya'fur asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about a man who prays two rak'ahs of the obligatory prayer but does not sit in them. Imam (as) said: "If he remembers while standing in the third rak'ah, he should sit. If he does not remember until he has already bowed, he should complete his prayer, then prostrate two prostrations while sitting before speaking."

1027 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنْ شَكَّ اَلرَّجُلُ بَعْدَ مَا صَلَّى فَلَمْ يَدْرِ أَ ثَلاَثاً صَلَّى أَمْ أَرْبَعاً وَ كَانَ يَقِينُهُ حِينَ اِنْصَرَفَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ قَدْ أَتَمَّ لَمْ يُعِدِ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ كَانَ حِينَ اِنْصَرَفَ أَقْرَبَ إِلَى اَلْحَقِّ مِنْهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ.

Hadith.1027 - Muhammad ibn Muslim narrates from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as): "If a man is uncertain after he has prayed and does not know whether he prayed three or four rak'ahs, and when he finishes, he is certain that he has completed it, he does not need to repeat the prayer. At the time of his departure (after the prayer), his certainty is closer to the truth than it was afterward."

1028 - وَ فِي نَوَادِرِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ إِمَامٍ يُصَلِّي بِأَرْبَعِ نَفَرٍ أَوْ بِخَمْسٍ فَيُسَبِّحُ اِثْنَانِ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ صَلَّوْا ثَلاَثاً وَ يُسَبِّحُ ثَلاَثَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ صَلَّوْا أَرْبَعاً يَقُولُ هَؤُلاَءِ قُومُوا وَ يَقُولُ هَؤُلاَءِ اُقْعُدُوا وَ اَلْإِمَامُ مَائِلٌ مَعَ أَحَدِهِمَا أَوْ مُعْتَدِلُ اَلْوَهْمِ فَمَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِمْ قَالَ «لَيْسَ عَلَى اَلْإِمَامِ سَهْوٌ إِذَا حَفِظَ عَلَيْهِ مَنْ خَلْفَهُ سَهْوَهُ بِاتِّفَاقٍ مِنْهُمْ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَى مَنْ خَلْفَ اَلْإِمَامِ سَهْوٌ إِذَا لَمْ يَسْهُ اَلْإِمَامُ وَ لاَ سَهْوَ فِي سَهْوٍ وَ لَيْسَ فِي اَلْمَغْرِبِ سَهْوٌ وَ لاَ فِي اَلْفَجْرِ سَهْوٌ وَ لاَ فِي اَلرَّكْعَتَيْنِ اَلْأَوَّلَتَيْنِ مِنْ كُلِّ صَلاَةٍ سَهْوٌ، فَإِذَا اِخْتَلَفَ عَلَى اَلْإِمَامِ مَنْ خَلْفَهُ فَعَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي اَلاِحْتِيَاطِ وَ اَلْإِعَادَةِ وَ اَلْأَخْذِ بِالْجَزْمِ.

Hadith.1028 – In the Nawaadir of Ibrahim ibn Hashim, it is narrated that Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked about an Imam leading a prayer with four or five people, and two of them testify that they prayed three rak'ahs, while three testify that they prayed four rak'ahs. Some say, "Stand up," and others say, "Sit down," and the Imam is unsure, either leaning towards one or being uncertain. What should be done? Imam (as) said: "There is no fault on the Imam if those behind him agree that he made a mistake. There is no fault on those behind the Imam if the Imam has not erred. There is no confusion in the Maghrib prayer, nor in Fajr, nor in the first two rak'ahs of any prayer. If there is disagreement among those behind the Imam, then both the Imam and the congregation should take precaution and repeat the prayer, acting decisively."

1029 - وَ رُوِيَ: «أَنَّهُ مَنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِي صَلاَتِهِ نَاسِياً كَبَّرَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ وَ مَنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِي صَلاَتِهِ مُتَعَمِّداً فَعَلَيْهِ إِعَادَةُ اَلصَّلاَةِ وَ مَنْ أَنَّ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَقَدْ تَكَلَّمَ. وإن نسيت الظهر حتى غربت الشمس وقد صليت العصر فان أمكنك أن تصليها قبل ان تفوتك المغرب فابدأ بها والا فصل المغرب ثم صل بعدها الظهر، وان نسيت الظهر وقد ذكرتها وأنت تصلى العصر فاجعل التي تصليها الظهر - إن لم تخش أن يفوتك وقتب العص - ثم صل العصر بعد ذلك، فان خفت أن يفوتك وقت العصر فابدأ بالعصر، وإن نسيت الظهر والعصر ثم ذكرتهما عند غروب الشمس فصل الظهر ثم صل العصر إن كنت لا تخاف فوات إحديهما، فإن خفت أن يفوتك إحداهما فابدأ بالعصر ولا تؤخرها فيكون قد فاتتك جميعا ، ثم صل الأولى بعد ذلك على أثرها ومتى فاتتك صلاة فصلها إذا ذكرت فإن ذكرتها وأنت في وقت فريضة أخرى فصل التي أنت في وقتها ثم صل الصلاة الفائتة، ومن فاتته الظهر والعصر جميعا، ثم ذكرهما وقد بقي من النهار بمقدار ما يصليهما جميعا بدأ بالظهر ثم بالعصر، وإن بقي بمقدار ما يصلي إحديهما بدأ بالعصر وإن بقي من النهار بمقدار ما يصلي ست ركعات بدأ بالظهر.

Hadith.1029 - It is narrated: "If someone speaks during their prayer out of forgetfulness, they should make additional takbir (saying 'Allahu Akbar'). But if someone speaks during their prayer intentionally, they must repeat the prayer. If someone makes an utterance during their prayer, they have indeed spoken”. If you forget the Dhuhr (noon) prayer until the sun sets and you have already prayed Asr (afternoon) prayer, then if it is possible to perform Dhuhr before missing Maghrib (sunset) prayer, you should start with Dhuhr. Otherwise, pray Maghrib first and then perform Dhuhr afterward. If you remember Dhuhr while you are performing Asr, then consider the prayer you are performing as Dhuhr—unless you fear that the time for Asr will expire. Then perform Asr after that. If you fear that the time for Asr will expire, perform Asr first. If you forget both Dhuhr and Asr prayers and remember them at sunset, then perform Dhuhr first and then Asr, provided that you do not fear missing one of them. If you fear missing one, perform Asr first, so that neither of them is completely missed. Then, afterward, perform the Dhuhr prayer immediately after. Whenever you miss a prayer, perform it as soon as you remember. If you remember it while you are in the time of another obligatory prayer, perform the current prayer first, then perform the missed prayer afterward. If a person misses both Dhuhr and Asr prayers and remembers them with enough time left in the day to perform both, they should start with Dhuhr and then perform Asr. If there is only enough time to perform one of the two prayers, they should begin with Asr. If there is enough daylight left to perform six units of prayer, they should begin with Dhuhr.

1030 - وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لاَ يَفُوتُ اَلصَّلاَةُ مَنْ أَرَادَ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ لاَ تَفُوتُ صَلاَةُ اَلنَّهَارِ حَتَّى تَغِيبَ اَلشَّمْسُ وَ لاَ صَلاَةُ اَللَّيْلِ حَتَّى يَطْلُعَ اَلْفَجْرُ.

Hadith.1030 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "No one misses a prayer who truly desires to pray. The prayer of the day does not miss until the sun sets, and the prayer of the night does not miss until dawn breaks."

1031 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلرِّبَاطِيِّ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ اَلْأَعْرَجِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وتَعَالَى أَنَامَ رَسُولَهُ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ ، عَنْ صَلاَةِ اَلْفَجْرِ حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ اَلشَّمْسُ ثُمَّ قَامَ فَبَدَأَ فَصَلَّى اَلرَّكْعَتَيْنِ اَللَّتَيْنِ قَبْلَ اَلْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ صَلَّى اَلْفَجْرَ وَ أَسْهَاهُ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَسَلَّمَ فِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ وَصَفَ مَا قَالَهُ ذُو اَلشِّمَالَيْنِ وَ إِنَّمَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بِهِ رَحْمَةً لِهَذِهِ اَلْأُمَّةِ لِئَلاَّ يُعَيَّرَ اَلرَّجُلُ اَلْمُسْلِمُ إِذَا هُوَ نَامَ عَنْ صَلاَتِهِ أَوْ سَهَا فِيهَا فَيُقَالُ قَدْ أَصَابَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ.

Hadith.1031 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Al-Rabati, from Saeed Al-A'raj who said: "I heard Abu Abdullah (as) (Imam Ja'far Al-Sadiq (as)) say: 'Indeed, Allah (swt), the Blessed and Exalted, caused His Messenger (sw) to sleep through the Fajr prayer until the sun had risen. Then he stood up and prayed the two rak'ahs before Fajr, followed by the Fajr prayer. He forgot during his prayer, so he made a mistake and gave the salutation in two rak'ahs. Then he described what Dhul-Shimālayn (who pointed out the mistake) said. He did this out of mercy for this ummah, so that no Muslim man would be reproached if he sleeps through his prayer or makes a mistake in it, and so that it would be said: 'This happened to the Messenger of Allah (sw).'".

1032 - وَ سَأَلَ حَمَّادُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ رَجُلٍ فَاتَهُ شَيْءٌ مِنَ اَلصَّلَوَاتِ فَذَكَرَ عِنْدَ طُلُوعِ اَلشَّمْسِ أَوْ عِنْدَ غُرُوبِهَا قَالَ «فَلْيُصَلِّ حِينَ يَذْكُرُ.

Hadith.1032 - Hammad ibn Uthman asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) a person who missed part of their prayers and then remembered it at sunrise or sunset. Imam (as) replied: "He should pray as soon as he remembers”.

1033 - قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «يُصَلِّي اَلْمَرِيضُ قَائِماً فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ صَلَّى جَالِساً فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ جَالِساً صَلَّى مُسْتَلْقِياً يُكَبِّرُ ثُمَّ يَقْرَأُ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ اَلرُّكُوعَ غَمَّضَ عَيْنَيْهِ ثُمَّ سَبَّحَ فَإِذَا سَبَّحَ فَتَحَ عَيْنَيْهِ فَيَكُونُ فَتْحُ عَيْنَيْهِ رَفْعَ رَأْسِهِ مِنَ اَلرُّكُوعِ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ غَمَّضَ عَيْنَيْهِ ثُمَّ سَبَّحَ فَإِذَا سَبَّحَ فَتَحَ عَيْنَيْهِ فَيَكُونُ فَتْحُ عَيْنَيْهِ رَفْعَ رَأْسِهِ مِنَ اَلسُّجُودِ ثُمَّ يَتَشَهَّدُ وَ يَنْصَرِفُ.

Hadith.1033 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "The sick person should pray standing. If they are unable to do so, they should pray sitting. If they cannot pray sitting, they should pray lying down. They should say the Takbir, then recite. When they want to bow, they should close their eyes and then say the Tasbih (SubhanAllah (swt)). When they say Tasbih, they should open their eyes. The opening of the eyes represents the raising of their head from the bowing position. When they want to prostrate, they should close their eyes and then say the Tasbih. When they say Tasbih, they should open their eyes, and the opening of the eyes represents raising their head from the prostration position. Then they should recite the testimony of faith (Tashahhud) and end the prayer”.

1034 - وَ سُئِلَ: عَنِ اَلْمَرِيضِ لاَ يَسْتَطِيعُ اَلْجُلُوسَ أَ يُصَلِّي وَ هُوَ مُضْطَجِعٌ وَ يَضَعُ عَلَى جَبْهَتِهِ شَيْئاً فَقَالَ «نَعَمْ لَمْ يُكَلِّفْهُ اَللَّهُ إِلاَّ طَاقَتَهُ.

Hadith.1034 - It was asked about a sick person who is unable to sit—whether they can pray while lying down and placing something on their forehead. Imam (as) replied: "Yes, Allah (swt) has not burdened them beyond their capacity."

1035 - وَ سَأَلَهُ سَمَاعَةُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ فِي عَيْنَيْهِ اَلْمَاءُ فَيُنْتَزَعُ اَلْمَاءُ مِنْهَا فَيَسْتَلْقِي عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ اَلْأَيَّامَ اَلْكَثِيرَةَ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً أَوْ أَقَلَّ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَيَمْتَنِعُ مِنَ اَلصَّلاَةِ إِلاَّ إِيمَاءً وَ هُوَ عَلَى حَالِهِ فَقَالَ «لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ.

Hadith.1035 - Samahat ibn Mehran asked about a man who has an eye condition (cataracts or similar) and undergoes a procedure to remove the issue, requiring him to lie on his back for many days—forty days, or possibly fewer or more. As a result, he can only perform his prayers by gestures due to his condition. The response was: "There is no harm in that."