Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

5571 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى اَلْعُبَيْدِيُّ قَالَ كَتَبَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ إِلَى أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : مُدَبَّرٌ وُقِفَ ثُمَّ مَاتَ صَاحِبُهُ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ لاَ يَفِي بِمَالِهِ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "يُبَاعُ وَقْفُهُ فِي اَلدَّيْنِ".

Hadith.5571 - Muhammad ibn Isa Al-Ubaydi narrated that Ahmad ibn Hamzah wrote to Abu Al-Hasan, peace be upon him, regarding a mudabbar (a slave who was set to be freed upon his owner's death) who was placed in an endowment (waqf), and then his owner died while owing a debt that could not be covered by his remaining wealth. Imam (as) wrote in response: "The endowment is to be sold to settle the debt."

5572 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْهَمَذَانِيِّ قَالَ : كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مَيِّتٌ أَوْصَى بِأَنْ يُجْرَى عَلَى رَجُلٍ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ ثُلُثِهِ وَ لَمْ يَأْمُرْ بِإِنْفَاذِ ثُلُثِهِ هَلْ لِلْوَصِيِّ أَنْ يُوقِفَ ثُلُثَ اَلْمَيِّتِ بِسَبَبِ اَلْإِجْرَاءِ ، فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "يُنْفِذُ ثُلُثَهُ وَ لاَ يُوقِفُ".

Hadith.5572 - Muhammad ibn Ahmad narrated from Umar ibn Ali ibn Umar from Ibrahim ibn Muhammad Al-Hamadhani, who said: I wrote to Imam (as) regarding a deceased person who had willed that a portion of his estate from his one-third share be allocated to support a man for as long as he lived, but he did not explicitly instruct for the execution of his entire one-third share. Is it permissible for the executor to turn the deceased's one-third share into an endowment because of this ongoing support? Imam (as) replied: "The one-third should be executed as instructed, but it should not be turned into an endowment."

5573 - وَ رَوَى صَفْوَانُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُوقِفُ اَلضَّيْعَةَ ثُمَّ يَبْدُو لَهُ أَنْ يُحْدِثَ فِي ذَلِكَ شَيْئاً فَقَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ أَوْقَفَهَا لِوُلْدٍ أَوْ لِغَيْرِهِمْ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ لَهَا قَيِّماً لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ وَ إِنْ كَانُوا صِغَاراً وَ قَدْ شَرَطَ وَلاَيَتَهَا لَهُمْ حَتَّى يَبْلُغُوا فَيَحُوزُهَا لَهُمْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهَا وَ إِنْ كَانُوا كِبَاراً وَ لَمْ يُسَلِّمْهَا إِلَيْهِمْ وَ لَمْ يُخَاصِمُوا حَتَّى يَحُوزَهَا عَنْهُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهَا لِأَنَّهُمْ لاَ يَحُوزُونَهَا عَنْهُ وَ قَدْ بَلَغُوا".

Hadith.5573 - Safwan ibn Yahya narrated from Abu Al-Hasan (as) who said: "I asked Imam (as) about a man who dedicates a property as an endowment (waqf) and then later decides to change something about it. Imam (as) said: "If he endowed it for his children or others and appointed a caretaker (qayyim) for it, then he cannot revoke it. If the beneficiaries were minors and he stipulated his guardianship over it until they reached maturity, and he maintained possession of it for them, then he cannot revoke it. However, if they were adults and he did not hand it over to them, nor did they contest him for its possession to take it from him, then he may revoke it because they had not taken possession of it despite being of age."

5574 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ اَلْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ اَلنَّوْفَلِيِّ قَالَ : كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ اَلثَّانِي عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ أَرْضٍ أَوْقَفَهَا جَدِّي عَلَى اَلْمُحْتَاجِينَ مِنْ وُلْدِ فُلاَنِ بْنِ فُلاَنٍ اَلرَّجُلِ اَلَّذِي يَجْمَعُ اَلْقَبِيلَةَ وَ هُمْ كَثِيرٌ مُتَفَرِّقُونَ فِي اَلْبِلاَدِ وَ فِي وُلْدِ اَلْوَاقِفِ حَاجَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ فَسَأَلُونِي أَنْ أَخُصَّهُمْ بِهَا دُونَ سَائِرِ وُلْدِ اَلرَّجُلِ اَلَّذِي يَجْمَعُ اَلْقَبِيلَةَ فَأَجَابَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "ذَكَرْتَ اَلْأَرْضَ اَلَّتِي أَوْقَفَهَا جَدُّكَ عَلَى فُقَرَاءِ وُلْدِ فُلاَنٍ وَ هِيَ لِمَنْ حَضَرَ اَلْبَلَدَ اَلَّذِي فِيهِ اَلْوَقْفُ وَ لَيْسَ لَكَ أَنْ تَبْتَغِيَ مَنْ كَانَ غَائِباً".

Hadith.5574 - Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub narrated from Musa ibn Ja'far Al-Baghdadi from Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Sulayman Al-Nawfali, who said: I wrote to Abu Ja'far Al-Thani (as), peace be upon him, asking about a piece of land that my grandfather had endowed for the needy among the descendants of so-and-so, the man who united the tribe. However, they are numerous and scattered across different lands, while the descendants of the one who made the endowment are in severe need. They asked me to allocate the endowment specifically to them, excluding the other descendants of the man who united the tribe. Imam (as) replied: "You mentioned the land that your grandfather endowed for the poor among the descendants of so-and-so. It is designated for those who are present in the town where the endowment exists, and you are not permitted to seek out those who are absent."

5576 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ اِشْتَرَيْتُ أَرْضاً إِلَى جَنْبِي بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ فَلَمَّا وَفَّرْتُ اَلْمَالَ خُبِّرْتُ أَنَّ اَلْأَرْضَ وَقْفٌ فَقَالَ "لاَ يَجُوزُ شِرَاءُ اَلْوَقْفِ وَ لاَ تُدْخِلِ اَلْغَلَّةَ فِي مَالِكَ اِدْفَعْهَا إِلَى مَنْ وُقِفَتْ عَلَيْهِ" قُلْتُ لاَ أَعْرِفُ لَهَا رَبّاً قَالَ "تَصَدَّقْ بِغَلَّتِهَا".

Hadith.5576 - Muhammad ibn Isa narrated from Abu Ali ibn Rashid, who said: I asked Abu Al-Hasan (as), peace be upon him, and said: "May I be your ransom, I purchased a piece of land next to mine for one thousand dirhams. When I gathered the money, I was informed that the land was an endowment (waqf)." Imam (as) replied: "The purchase of endowment property is not permissible, and do not mix its yield with your wealth. Instead, give its yield to those for whom it was endowed." I said: "I do not know who its rightful beneficiaries are." Imam (as) said: "Then give its yield in charity."

5577 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ حَنَانٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَقَفَ غَلَّةً لَهُ عَلَى قَرَابَةٍ لَهُ مِنْ أَبِيهِ وَ قَرَابَةٍ مِنْ أُمِّهِ وَ أَوْصَى لِرَجُلٍ وَ لِعَقِبِهِ مِنْ تِلْكَ اَلْغَلَّةِ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَهُ قَرَابَةٌ بِثَلاَثِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ وَ يُقْسَمُ اَلْبَاقِي عَلَى قَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ قَالَ "جَائِزٌ لِلَّذِي أَوْصَى لَهُ بِذَلِكَ" قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْ غَلَّةِ اَلْأَرْضِ اَلَّتِي وَقَفَهَا إِلاَّ خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَقَالَ "أَ وَ لَيْسَ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ أَنْ يُعْطَى اَلَّذِي أَوْصَى لَهُ مِنَ اَلْغَلَّةِ بِثَلاَثِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ يُقْسَمَ اَلْبَاقِي عَلَى قَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ" قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ "لَيْسَ لِقَرَابَتِهِ أَنْ يَأْخُذُوا مِنَ اَلْغَلَّةِ شَيْئاً حَتَّى يُوفُوا اَلْمُوصَى لَهُ ثَلاَثَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ ثُمَّ لَهُمْ مَا بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ" قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ مَاتَ اَلَّذِي أُوصِيَ لَهُ قَالَ "إِنْ مَاتَ كَانَتِ اَلثَّلاَثُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ لِوَرَثَتِهِ يَتَوَارَثُونَهَا مَا بَقِيَ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ فَإِذَا اِنْقَطَعَ وَرَثَتُهُ وَ لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ كَانَتِ اَلثَّلاَثُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ لِقَرَابَةِ اَلْمَيِّتِ تُرَدُّ إِلَى مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنَ اَلْوَقْفِ ثُمَّ يُقْسَمُ بَيْنَهُمْ يَتَوَارَثُونَ ذَلِكَ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ وَ بَقِيَتِ اَلْغَلَّةُ" قُلْتُ فَلِلْوَرَثَةِ مِنْ قَرَابَةِ اَلْمَيِّتِ أَنْ يَبِيعُوا اَلْأَرْضَ إِذَا اِحْتَاجُوا إِلَيْهَا وَ لَمْ يَكْفِهِمْ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنَ اَلْغَلَّةِ قَالَ "نَعَمْ إِذَا رَضُوا كُلُّهُمْ وَ كَانَ اَلْبَيْعُ خَيْراً لَهُمْ بَاعُوا".

Hadith.5577 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab from Ja'far ibn Hanan, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who endowed the yield of his property for his relatives from his father's side and his mother's side. He also made a bequest for a man and his descendants - who had no relation to him - to receive three hundred dirhams annually from that yield, with the remainder to be distributed among his relatives from both his father's and mother's sides. Imam (as) said: "It is permissible for the one to whom he made that bequest." I then asked: "What if the yield from the endowed land is only five hundred dirhams?" Imam (as) replied: "Is it not in his will that the one he designated should receive three hundred dirhams from the yield, and the remainder be divided among his relatives from his father's and mother's sides?" I said: "Yes." Imam (as) replied: "His relatives have no right to take anything from the yield until the bequested three hundred dirhams are fully given to the one it was intended for. After that, whatever remains belongs to them." I asked: "What if the person for whom the bequest was made dies?" Imam (as) said: "If he dies, the three hundred dirhams will go to his heirs, and they will inherit it as long as any of them remain. If his heirs perish and none remain, the three hundred dirhams will revert to the relatives of the deceased (the original owner) and will be distributed from the yield of the endowment among them, and they will continue to inherit it as long as any of them remain, while the yield itself will continue." I asked: "Do the heirs from the deceased's relatives have the right to sell the land if they are in need and the yield does not suffice for them?" Imam (as) replied: "Yes, if all of them agree and the sale is better for them, then they may sell it."

5578 - وَ رَوَى اَلْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مِهْرَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : أَوْصَى أَنْ يُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ سَبْعَةَ مَوَاسِمَ فَأَوْقَفَ لِكُلِّ مَوْسِمٍ مَالاً يُنْفَقُ فِيهِ.

Hadith.5578 - Al-Abbas ibn Ma'ruf narrated from Uthman ibn Isa from Mehran ibn Muhammad, who said: I heard Abu Abdullah (as), say that he instructed for mourning to be held for Him (as) for seven seasons (mawasim), and He (as) allocated money for each season to be spent for that purpose.

5579 - وَ رَوَى عَاصِمُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ : قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "أَ لاَ أُحَدِّثُكَ بِوَصِيَّةِ فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا اَلسَّلاَمُ " قُلْتُ بَلَى فَأَخْرَجَ حُقّاً أَوْ سَفَطاً فَأَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ كِتَاباً فَقَرَأَهُ " "بِسْمِ اَللّٰهِ اَلرَّحْمٰنِ اَلرَّحِيمِ" هَذَا مَا أَوْصَتْ بِهِ فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ أَوْصَتْ بِحَوَائِطِهَا اَلسَّبْعَةِ، اَلْعَوَافِ وَ اَلدَّلاَلِ وَ اَلْبُرْقَةِ وَ اَلْمِيثَبِ وَ اَلْحَسْنَى وَ اَلصَّافِيَةِ وَ مَالِ أُمِّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَإِنْ مَضَى عَلِيٌّ فَإِلَى اَلْحَسَنِ فَإِنْ مَضَى اَلْحَسَنُ فَإِلَى اَلْحُسَيْنِ فَإِنْ مَضَى اَلْحُسَيْنُ فَإِلَى اَلْأَكْبَرِ مِنْ وُلْدِي شَهِدَ اَللَّهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَ اَلْمِقْدَادُ بْنُ اَلْأَسْوَدِ اَلْكِنْدِيُّ وَ اَلزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ اَلْعَوَّامِ " وَ كَتَبَ " عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ ".

Hadith.5579 - Asim ibn Humaid narrated from Abu Basir, who said: Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), said: "Shall I tell you about the will of Sayyidah Fatimah {s.a}, peace be upon her?" I said: "Yes." Imam (as) then brought out a box or a container, from which he took out a document and read it: "In the name of Allah (swt), the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. This is what Fatimah {s.a}, daughter of Muhammad (sw), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, bequeathed. She willed that her seven gardens - Al-Awaf, Ad-Dalal, Al-Burqah, Al-Mithab, Al-Hasna, As-Safiyah, and the property of Umm Ibrahim - be given to Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), peace be upon him. If Ali (as) passes away, then to Al-Hasan (as); if Al-Hasan (as) passes away, then to Al-Hussain (as); and if Al-Hussain (as) passes away, then to the eldest of my children. Allah (swt) bears witness to this, along with Miqdad ibn Al-Aswad Al-Kindi and Az-Zubayr ibn Al-Awwam." It was written by Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), peace be upon him."

5580 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْفَرَجِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ قَالَ : كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي سَنَةِ ثَلاَثٍ وَ ثَلاَثِينَ وَ مِائَتَيْنِ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ خَلَّفَ اِمْرَأَةً وَ بَنِينَ وَ بَنَاتٍ وَ خَلَّفَ لَهُمْ غُلاَماً أَوْقَفَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ ثُمَّ هُوَ حُرٌّ بَعْدَ اَلْعَشْرِ سِنِينَ هَلْ يَجُوزُ لِهَؤُلاَءِ اَلْوَرَثَةِ بَيْعُ هَذَا اَلْغُلاَمِ وَ هُمْ مُضْطَرُّونَ إِذَا كَانَ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتُهُ لَكَ جَعَلَنِيَ اَللَّهُ فِدَاكَ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "لاَ يَبِيعُونَهُ إِلَى مِيقَاتِ شَرْطِهِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونُوا مُضْطَرِّينَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ لَهُمْ".

Hadith.5580 - Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub narrated from Muhammad ibn Al-Faraj from Ali ibn Mabad, who said: Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ibrahim wrote to Imam (as) in the year 233 AH, asking about a man who passed away and left behind a wife, sons, and daughters. He had also left them a servant (ghulam) whom he had endowed for them for ten years, after which the servant would become free. He asked: "Is it permissible for these heirs to sell this servant if they are in need, given the situation I described to you? May Allah (swt) make me your ransom." Imam (as) wrote in reply: "They should not sell him until the appointed time of his condition (the ten years) unless they are in severe need. In that case, it is permissible for them to sell him."

5581 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ قَالَ : كُنْتُ شَاهِداً لاِبْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى وَ قَضَى فِي رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ لِبَعْضِ قَرَابَتِهِ غَلَّةَ دَارِهِ وَ لَمْ يُوَقِّتْ وَقْتاً فَمَاتَ اَلرَّجُلُ وَ حَضَرَتْ وَرَثَتُهُ اِبْنَ أَبِي لَيْلَى وَ حَضَرَ قَرَابَتُهُ اَلَّذِي جُعِلَ لَهُ غَلَّةُ اَلدَّارِ فَقَالَ اِبْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى أَرَى أَنْ أَدَعَهَا عَلَى مَا تَرَكَهَا صَاحِبُهَا فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ اَلثَّقَفِيُّ أَمَا إِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَدْ قَضَى فِي هَذَا اَلْمَسْجِدِ بِخِلاَفِ مَا قَضَيْتَ فَقَالَ وَ مَا عِلْمُكَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ "قَضَى عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بِرَدِّ اَلْحَبِيسِ وَ إِنْفَاذِ اَلْمَوَارِيثِ ، " فَقَالَ اِبْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى هَذَا عِنْدَكَ فِي كِتَابٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَأَرْسِلْ فَأْتِنِي بِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَلَى أَنْ لاَ تَنْظُرَ مِنَ اَلْكِتَابِ إِلاَّ فِي ذَلِكَ اَلْحَدِيثِ قَالَ لَكَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَأَحْضَرَ اَلْكِتَابَ وَ أَرَاهُ اَلْحَدِيثَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي اَلْكِتَابِ فَرَدَّ قَضِيَّتَهُ.

Hadith.5581 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Umar ibn Udhaynah, who said: I was present with Ibn Abi Layla when Imam (as) ruled on a case involving a man who had allocated the yield (ghallah) of his house to one of his relatives without specifying a time limit. When the man passed away, his heirs came before Ibn Abi Layla, along with the relative who had been granted the house's yield. Ibn Abi Layla said: "I see that it should remain as the owner had left it." Muhammad ibn Muslim Al-Thaqafi responded, "Indeed, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), peace be upon him, ruled differently in this very mosque than what you have ruled." Ibn Abi Layla asked: "And what knowledge do you have of this?" Muhammad ibn Muslim replied: "I heard Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), peace be upon him, say: 'Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), peace be upon him, ruled to revoke the habis (temporary endowment) and enforce the distribution of inheritance.'" Ibn Abi Layla then asked: "Do you have this in a book?" He replied: "Yes." Ibn Abi Layla said: "Then send for it and bring it to me." Muhammad ibn Muslim stipulated: "On the condition that you look only at this specific narration in the book." Ibn Abi Layla agreed: "That is acceptable." Muhammad ibn Muslim brought the book and showed him the narration from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), and Ibn Abi Layla retracted his judgment.