Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

5271 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ مُدَبَّرٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلاً عَمْداً قَالَ "يُقْتَلُ بِهِ" قُلْتُ فَإِنْ قَتَلَهُ خَطَأً قَالَ "يُدْفَعُ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ اَلْمَقْتُولِ فَيَكُونُ لَهُمْ رِقّاً فَإِنْ شَاءُوا اِسْتَرَقُّوا وَ إِنْ شَاءُوا بَاعُوا وَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَقْتُلُوهُ" ثُمَّ قَالَ "يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ إِنَّ اَلْمُدَبَّرَ مَمْلُوكٌ".

Hadith.5271 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Hisham bin Salim from Abu Basir who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a mudabbar (a slave promised freedom after the owner's death) who intentionally killed a man. Imam (as) said: "He is to be killed in retaliation." I asked: "What if he killed him by mistake?" Imam (as) replied: "He is handed over to the heirs of the murdered person, and he becomes their slave. If they wish, they can enslave him, and if they wish, they can sell him, but they have no right to kill him." Then Imam (as) said: "O' Abu Muhammad, indeed the mudabbar is still a slave."

5272 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ مُكَاتَبٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلاً خَطَأً فَقَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ مَوْلاَهُ حِينَ كَاتَبَهُ اِشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ إِنْ عَجَزَ فَهُوَ رَدٌّ إِلَى اَلرِّقِّ فَهُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ اَلْمَمْلُوكِ يُدْفَعُ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ اَلْمَقْتُولِ فَإِنْ شَاءُوا اِسْتَرَقُّوا وَ إِنْ شَاءُوا بَاعُوا وَ إِنْ كَانَ مَوْلاَهُ حِينَ كَاتَبَهُ لَمْ يَشْتَرِطْ عَلَيْهِ وَ كَانَ قَدْ أَدَّى مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ شَيْئاً فَإِنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ كَانَ يَقُولُ "يُعْتَقُ مِنَ اَلْمُكَاتَبِ بِقَدْرِ مَا أَدَّى مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ وَ عَلَى اَلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ اَلْمَقْتُولِ بِقَدْرِ مَا أُعْتِقَ مِنَ اَلْمُكَاتَبِ وَ لاَ يُبْطَلُ دَمُ اِمْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ " وَ أَرَى أَنْ يَكُونَ بِمَا بَقِيَ عَلَى اَلْمُكَاتَبِ مِمَّا لَمْ يُؤَدِّهِ رِقّاً لِأَوْلِيَاءِ اَلْمَقْتُولِ يَسْتَخْدِمُونَهُ حَيَاتَهُ بِقَدْرِ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَبِيعُوهُ".

Hadith.5272 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Ayyub from Muhammad bin Muslim who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a mukatab (a slave who has a contract for gradual emancipation) who unintentionally killed a man. Imam (as) said: "If his master, when drafting the emancipation contract, stipulated that if he fails to fulfill the payment, he would return to slavery, then he is treated like a slave and handed over to the heirs of the murdered person. If they wish, they may enslave him, and if they wish, they may sell him. But if his master, when drafting the contract, did not make such a stipulation and the mukatab had already paid part of the contract amount, then Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) used to say, 'He is freed in proportion to what he has paid of his contract, and it is upon the Imam to pay the heirs of the murdered person an amount equivalent to the portion of freedom the mukatab had earned. The blood of a Muslim must not be wasted.' I (as) also believe that regarding the remaining unpaid portion of the contract, the mukatab should remain as a slave to the heirs of the murdered person, serving them for the rest of his life in proportion to what remains of his contract, but they are not permitted to sell him."

5273 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ حَمَلَ عَبْداً لَهُ عَلَى دَابَّةٍ فَوَطِئَتْ رَجُلاً قَالَ "اَلْغُرْمُ عَلَى اَلْمَوْلَى".

Hadith.5273 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali bin Ri'ab from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who placed his slave on a riding animal, and the animal trampled a man. Imam (as) said: "The compensation is upon the master."

5274 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْوَرْدِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ عَبْداً خَطَأً قَالَ "عَلَيْهِ قِيمَتُهُ وَ لاَ يُجَاوَزُ بِقِيمَتِهِ عَشَرَةَ آلاَفِ دِرْهَمٍ" قُلْتُ وَ مَنْ يُقَوِّمُهُ وَ هُوَ مَيِّتٌ قَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ لِمَوْلاَهُ شُهُودٌ أَنَّ قِيمَتَهُ يَوْمَ قَتَلَهُ كَذَا وَ كَذَا أُخِذَ بِهَا قَاتِلُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِمَوْلاَهُ شُهُودٌ كَانَتِ اَلْقِيمَةُ عَلَى اَلَّذِي قَتَلَهُ مَعَ يَمِينِهِ يَشْهَدُ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ بِاللَّهِ مَا لَهُ قِيمَةٌ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا قَوَّمْتُهُ وَ إِنْ أَبَى أَنْ يَحْلِفَ وَ رَدَّ اَلْيَمِينَ عَلَى اَلْمَوْلَى أُعْطِيَ اَلْمَوْلَى مَا حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ وَ لاَ يُجَاوَزُ بِقِيمَتِهِ عَشَرَةَ آلاَفِ دِرْهَمٍ" قَالَ "وَ إِنْ كَانَ اَلْعَبْدُ مُؤْمِناً فَقَتَلَهُ عَمْداً أُغْرِمَ قِيمَتَهُ وَ أَعْتَقَ رَقَبَةً وَ صَامَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ وَ أَطْعَمَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً وَ تَابَ إِلَى اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ".

Hadith.5274 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali bin Ri'ab from Abu Al-Ward who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who accidentally killed a slave. Imam (as) said: "He must pay the slave's value, and his value should not exceed ten thousand dirhams." I asked: "Who will appraise his value when he is dead?" Imam (as) replied: "If the master has witnesses that his value on the day he was killed was such and such, then the killer must pay that amount. If the master has no witnesses, the killer must swear four times by Allah (swt) that the slave's value was no more than what he has appraised. If he refuses to swear and the oath is passed to the master, then the master is given the amount he swore upon, but the value must not exceed ten thousand dirhams." Imam (as) further said: "If the slave was a believer and he was killed intentionally, the killer must pay his value, free a slave, fast for two consecutive months, feed sixty needy people, and repent to Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic."

5275 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ مُكَاتَبٍ جَنَى عَلَى رَجُلٍ حُرٍّ جِنَايَةً فَقَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ أَدَّى مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ شَيْئاً، غُرِّمَ فِي جِنَايَتِهِ بِقَدْرِ مَا أَدَّى مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ لِلْحُرِّ وَ إِنْ عَجَزَ عَنْ حَقِّ اَلْجِنَايَةِ أُخِذَ ذَلِكَ مِنَ اَلْمَوْلَى اَلَّذِي كَاتَبَهُ، " قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَتِ اَلْجِنَايَةُ لِعَبْدٍ قَالَ "عَلَى مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ يُدْفَعُ إِلَى مَوْلَى اَلْعَبْدِ اَلَّذِي جَرَحَهُ اَلْمُكَاتَبُ وَ لاَ يُقَاصُّ بَيْنَ اَلْمُكَاتَبِ وَ بَيْنَ اَلْعَبْدِ إِذَا كَانَ اَلْمُكَاتَبُ قَدْ أَدَّى مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ شَيْئاً فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَدَّى مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ شَيْئاً فَإِنَّهُ يُقَاصُّ لِلْعَبْدِ مِنْهُ أَوْ يُغَرَّمُ اَلْمَوْلَى كُلَّ مَا جَنَى اَلْمُكَاتَبُ لِأَنَّهُ عَبْدُهُ مَا لَمْ يُؤَدِّ مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ شَيْئاً" قَالَ "وَ وَلَدُ اَلْمُكَاتَبَةِ كَأُمِّهِ إِنْ رَقَّتْ رَقَّ وَ إِنْ عَتَقَتْ عَتَقَ".

Hadith.5275 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Walad who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a mukatab (a slave who has entered into a contract for his freedom) who committed an offense against a free man. Imam (as) said: "If he has paid part of his mukataba (freedom contract), he is liable for the offense in proportion to what he has paid. If he cannot cover the liability for the offense, the remainder is taken from the master who set the contract with him." I asked: "What if the offense was against another slave?" Imam (as) replied: "It is the same; the mukatab is handed over to the master of the injured slave. There is no compensation between the mukatab and the slave if the mukatab has paid part of his contract. However, if he has not paid anything from his mukataba, then compensation is taken directly from him or his master must pay for all the damage caused by the mukatab because he is still his slave until he pays part of his contract." Imam (as) further said: "The child of a mukataba woman follows her status: if she remains a slave, her child is a slave; and if she is freed, her child is also free."

5276 - فِي رِوَايَةِ اَلسَّكُونِيِّ أَنَّ أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "فِي ذَكَرِ اَلصَّبِيِّ اَلدِّيَةُ وَ فِي ذَكَرِ اَلْعِنِّينِ اَلدِّيَةُ".

Hadith.5276 - In the narration of Al-Sakooni, it is reported that Commander of the Faithful (as) said: "For the male child's private part, there is full blood money (diyyah), and for the impotent man's private part, there is also full blood money (diyyah)."

5277 - وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "أُتِيَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بِرَجُلٍ قَدْ ضَرَبَ رَجُلاً حَتَّى اِنْتَقَصَ مِنْ بَصَرِهِ فَدَعَا بِرِجَالٍ مِنْ أَسْنَانِهِ ثُمَّ أَرَاهُمْ شَيْئاً فَنَظَرَ مَا اِنْتَقَصَ مِنْ بَصَرِهِ فَأَعْطَاهُ دِيَةَ مَا اِنْتَقَصَ مِنْ بَصَرِهِ".

Hadith.5277 - Abdullah ibn Maymoon narrated from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) who said: "A man was brought to Commander of the Faithful (as) who had struck another man, causing a reduction in his eyesight. Commander of the Faithful (as) called men of similar age as the injured man and showed them something to observe how much his vision had diminished. Imam (as) then awarded the injured man blood money (diyyah) equivalent to the extent of his lost eyesight."

5278 - وَ رَوَى مُوسَى بْنُ بَكْرٍ عَنِ اَلْعَبْدِ اَلصَّالِحِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ ضَرَبَ رَجُلاً بِعَصاً فَلَمْ يَرْفَعْ عَنْهُ اَلْعَصَا حَتَّى مَاتَ قَالَ "يُدْفَعُ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ اَلْمَقْتُولِ وَ لَكِنْ لاَ يُتْرَكُ يُتَلَذَّذُ بِهِ وَ لَكِنْ يُجَازُ عَلَيْهِ بِالسَّيْفِ".

Hadith.5278 - Musa ibn Bakr narrated from Al-Abd Al-Salih Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) regarding a man who struck another man with a stick and did not lift it from him until he died. Imam (as) said: "The killer should be handed over to the heirs of the murdered man, but he should not be left to be tortured for pleasure. Rather, retribution should be carried out upon him with the sword."

5279 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "دِيَةُ اَلْيَدِ إِذَا قُطِعَتْ خَمْسُونَ مِنَ اَلْإِبِلِ فَمَا كَانَ جُرُوحاً دُونَ اَلاِصْطِلاَمِ فَيَحْكُمُ بِهِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ "وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمٰا أَنْزَلَ اَللّٰهُ فَأُولٰئِكَ هُمُ اَلْكٰافِرُونَ" "

Hadith.5279 - Ibn Al-Mughira narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan from Abu Abdullah (as) who said: "The blood money (diyya) for a hand if it is cut off is fifty camels. As for wounds that are less severe than complete amputation, a ruling shall be made concerning them by two just individuals among you. And whoever does not judge by what Allah (swt) has revealed, then they are the disbelievers."

5280 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ فَقَأَ عَيْنَ رَجُلٍ وَ قَطَعَ أَنْفَهُ وَ أُذُنَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَتَلَهُ فَقَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ فَرَّقَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ اُقْتُصَّ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ قُتِلَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ ضَرَبَهُ ضَرْبَةً وَاحِدَةً فَأَصَابَهُ ذَلِكَ ضُرِبَتْ عُنُقُهُ وَ لَمْ يُقْتَصَّ مِنْهُ".

Hadith.5280 - Muhammad ibn Qays narrated from one of the two Imams (peace be upon them) about a man who gouged out another man's eye, cut off his nose and ears, and then killed him. Imam (as) said: "If he inflicted these injuries on him separately, then retaliation (qisas) will be taken for each injury, and then he will be killed. But if he struck him with a single blow that resulted in all those injuries, his neck will be struck (he will be executed), and retaliation will not be taken for the individual injuries."