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Chapter on Retaliation (Qisas) and the Amount of Blood Money (Diyyah)
وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلاً عَمْداً فَرُفِعَ إِلَى اَلْوَالِي فَدَفَعَهُ اَلْوَالِي إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ اَلْمَقْتُولِ لِيَقْتُلُوهُ فَوَثَبَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَوْمٌ فَخَلَّصُوا اَلْقَاتِلَ مِنْ أَيْدِي اَلْأَوْلِيَاءِ فَقَالَ "أَرَى أَنْ يُحْبَسَ اَلَّذِينَ خَلَّصُوا اَلْقَاتِلَ مِنْ أَيْدِي اَلْأَوْلِيَاءِ أَبَداً حَتَّى يَأْتُوا بِالْقَاتِلِ" قِيلَ لَهُ فَإِنْ مَاتَ اَلْقَاتِلُ وَ هُمْ فِي اَلسِّجْنِ فَقَالَ "إِنْ مَاتَ فَعَلَيْهِمُ اَلدِّيَةُ يُؤَدُّونَهَا إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ اَلْمَقْتُولِ".
Ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Ayyub from Hariz from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a man who intentionally killed another man. The matter was presented to the governor, and the governor handed the killer over to the heirs of the murdered person to execute him. However, a group of people attacked and rescued the killer from the heirs. Imam (a.s) said: "I believe that those who rescued the killer from the hands of the heirs should be imprisoned indefinitely until they bring back the killer." It was asked: "What if the killer dies while they are in prison?" Imam (a.s) replied: "If he dies, then they must pay the blood money (diyyah) to the heirs of the murdered person."
وَ رَوَى هِشَامُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سُوقَةَ عَنِ اَلْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي اَلْعَمْدِ وَ اَلْخَطَإِ فِي اَلْقَتْلِ وَ فِي اَلْجِرَاحَاتِ فَقَالَ "لَيْسَ اَلْخَطَأُ مِثْلَ اَلْعَمْدِ اَلْعَمْدُ فِيهِ اَلْقَتْلُ وَ اَلْجِرَاحَاتُ فِيهَا اَلْقِصَاصُ وَ اَلْخَطَأُ فِي اَلْقَتْلِ وَ اَلْجِرَاحَاتِ فِيهِمَا اَلدِّيَةُ" وَ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي "يَا حَكَمُ إِذَا كَانَ اَلْخَطَأُ مِنَ اَلْقَاتِلِ أَوِ اَلْخَطَأُ مِنَ اَلْجَارِحِ وَ كَانَ بَدَوِيّاً فَدِيَةُ مَا جَنَى اَلْبَدَوِيُّ مِنَ اَلْخَطَإِ عَلَى أَوْلِيَائِهِ مِنَ اَلْبَدَوِيِّينَ" قَالَ "وَ إِذَا كَانَ اَلْجَارِحُ قَرَوِيّاً فَإِنَّ دِيَةَ مَا جَنَى مِنَ اَلْخَطَإِ عَلَى أَوْلِيَائِهِ اَلْقَرَوِيِّينَ".
Hisham ibn Salim narrated from Ziyad ibn Suqah from Al-Hakam ibn Utaybah, who said: I asked Abu Jafar (a.s), "What do you say about intentional and accidental killing and in cases of injuries?" Imam (a.s) replied: "Accidental killing is not the same as intentional killing. In intentional killing, execution (qiṣaṣ) applies, and for injuries, retribution applies. In accidental killing and injuries, there is blood money (diyyah)." Then Imam (a.s) said to me: "O' Hakam, if the unintentional act is committed by the killer or the one who inflicted the injury, and he is a Bedouin, then the diyyah for what the Bedouin has done by mistake falls upon his fellow Bedouin relatives. And if the one who caused the injury is a villager, then the diyyah for what he has done by mistake falls upon his fellow villagers."
وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ أَمَرَ رَجُلاً حُرّاً أَنْ يَقْتُلَ رَجُلاً فَقَتَلَهُ قَالَ "يُقْتَلُ بِهِ اَلَّذِي وَلِيَ قَتْلَهُ وَ يُحْبَسُ اَلَّذِي أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِ فِي اَلسِّجْنِ أَبَداً حَتَّى يَمُوتَ".
Ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab from Zurarah from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) regarding a man who commanded a free man to kill another man, and he carried out the killing. Imam (a.s) said: "The one who directly committed the murder shall be executed, and the one who ordered the killing shall be imprisoned forever until he dies."
وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ أُمَّهُ قَالَ "لاَ يَرِثُهَا وَ يُقْتَلُ بِهَا صَاغِراً وَ لاَ أَظُنُّ قَتْلَهُ بِهَا كَفَّارَةً لِذَنْبِهِ".
Ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab from Abu Ubaydah, who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) about a man who killed his mother. Imam (a.s) said: "He does not inherit from her, and he is to be executed for her murder in a state of humiliation. Yet, I do not believe that his execution will serve as an expiation for his sin."
وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلاً خَطَأً فِي أَشْهُرِ اَلْحُرُمِ قَالَ "عَلَيْهِ اَلدِّيَةُ وَ صَوْمُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ مِنْ أَشْهُرِ اَلْحُرُمِ" قُلْتُ إِنَّ هَذَا يَدْخُلُ فِيهِ اَلْعِيدُ وَ أَيَّامُ اَلتَّشْرِيقِ فَقَالَ "يَصُومُهُ فَإِنَّهُ حَقٌّ لَزِمَهُ".
Ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab from Zurarah, who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) about a man who accidentally killed another man during the sacred months (Ashhur Al-Hurum). Imam (a.s) said: "He must pay the blood money (diyyah) and fast for two consecutive months from the sacred months." I said: "But this period includes Eid and the days of Tashriq (the days following Eid Al-Adha)." Imam (a.s) replied: "He must still fast them, for it is an obligation that has become binding upon him."
وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبَانٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "عَلَيْهِ دِيَةٌ وَ ثُلُثٌ".
In the narration of Aban from Zurarah from Abu Abdullah (a.s), he said: "He must pay the full blood money (diyyah) plus one-third."
وَ رَوَى ظَرِيفُ بْنُ نَاصِحٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلاً ضَرَبَ رَجُلاً بِخَزَفَةٍ أَوْ بِآجُرَّةٍ فَمَاتَ كَانَ مُتَعَمِّداً".
Zarif ibn Naṣih narrated from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah from Abu Basir, who said: Abu Abdullah (a.s) said: "If a man strikes another man with a piece of pottery or a brick and he dies, it is considered intentional killing."
وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ وَ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ اِمْرَأَةٍ أَعْنَفَ عَلَيْهَا اَلرَّجُلُ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّهَا مَاتَتْ مِنْ عُنْفِهِ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ "اَلدِّيَةُ كَامِلَةً وَ لاَ يُقْتَلُ اَلرَّجُلُ".
Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Hisham ibn Salim and others from Abu Abdullah (a.s) that that Imam (a.s) was asked about a woman upon whom a man used excessive force, and he claimed that she died due to his violence against her. Imam (a.s) said: "The full blood money (diyyah) must be paid, but the man is not to be executed."
وَ فِي نَوَادِرِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ: أَنَّ اَلصَّادِقَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْنَفَ عَلَى اِمْرَأَةٍ أَوِ اِمْرَأَةٍ أَعْنَفَتْ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا فَقَتَلَ أَحَدُهُمَا اَلْآخَرَ قَالَ "لاَ شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِمَا إِذَا كَانَا مَأْمُونَيْنِ فَإِنِ اُتُّهِمَا لَزِمَهُمَا اَلْيَمِينُ بِاللَّهِ أَنَّهُمَا لَمْ يُرِيدَا اَلْقَتْلَ".
In Nawadir of Ibrahim ibn Hashim, it is narrated that Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) was asked about a man who violently assaulted a woman or a woman who violently assaulted her husband, and one of them ended up killing the other. Imam (a.s) said: "There is nothing upon either of them if they are considered trustworthy. However, if they are suspected, they must swear an oath by Allah (swt) that they did not intend to kill."
وَ رَوَى دَاوُدُ بْنُ سِرْحَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلَيْنِ قَتَلاَ رَجُلاً قَالَ "إِنْ شَاءَ أَوْلِيَاءُ اَلْمَقْتُولِ أَنْ يُؤَدُّوا دِيَةً وَ يَقْتُلُوهُمَا جَمِيعاً قَتَلُوهُمَا".
Dawud ibn Sirhan narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s) regarding two men who killed another man. Imam (a.s) said: "If the heirs of the murdered person wish to pay the blood money (diyyah) and execute both of them, they may kill them both."
