Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

5200 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ حَيٍّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ وُجِدَ مَقْتُولاً فَجَاءَ رَجُلاَنِ إِلَى وَلِيِّهِ فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَنَا قَتَلْتُهُ عَمْداً وَ قَالَ اَلْآخَرُ أَنَا قَتَلْتُهُ خَطَأً فَقَالَ "إِنْ هُوَ أَخَذَ بِقَوْلِ صَاحِبِ اَلْعَمْدِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِ اَلْخَطَإِ شَيْءٌ وَ إِنْ هُوَ أَخَذَ بِقَوْلِ صَاحِبِ اَلْخَطَإِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِ اَلْعَمْدِ شَيْءٌ".

Hadith.5200 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Al-Hasan ibn Hayy, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who was found murdered. Two men came to guardian of the victim; one of them said: "I killed him intentionally," and other said: "I killed him by mistake." Imam (as) said: "If the guardian accepts the statement of the one who confessed to intentional killing, then he has no claim against the one who confessed to accidental killing. And if he accepts the statement of the one who confessed to accidental killing, then he has no claim against the one who confessed to intentional killing."

5201 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ اَلْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ اِبْنَ أَبِي لَيْلَى يَقُولُ: كَانَتِ اَلدِّيَةُ فِي اَلْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مِائَةً مِنَ اَلْإِبِلِ فَأَقَرَّهَا رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ فَرَضَ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلْبَقَرِ مِائَتَيْ بَقَرَةٍ وَ فَرَضَ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلشَّاةِ أَلْفَ شَاةٍ وَ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلْحُلَلِ مِائَةَ حُلَّةٍ قَالَ عَبْدُ اَلرَّحْمَنِ فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَمَّا رَوَاهُ اِبْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى فَقَالَ "كَانَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ "اَلدِّيَةُ أَلْفُ دِينَارٍ وَ قِيمَةُ اَلدِّينَارِ عَشَرَةُ دَرَاهِمَ وَ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلذَّهَبِ أَلْفُ دِينَارٍ وَ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلْوَرِقِ عَشَرَةُ آلاَفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ عَشَرَةُ آلاَفٍ لِأَهْلِ اَلْأَمْصَارِ وَ لِأَهْلِ اَلْبَوَادِي اَلدِّيَةُ مِائَةٌ مِنَ اَلْإِبِلِ وَ لِأَهْلِ اَلسَّوَادِ مِائَتَا بَقَرَةٍ أَوْ أَلْفُ شَاةٍ" ".

Hadith.5201 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abd Al-Rahman ibn Al-Hajjaj, who said: I heard Ibn Abi Layla say, "In the pre-Islamic era, the blood money (diyyah) was one hundred camels, and the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) affirmed it. Then he imposed on the people of cattle two hundred cows, on the people of sheep one thousand sheep, and on the people of garments one hundred garments." Abd Al-Rahman said: 'I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about what Ibn Abi Layla narrated, and Imam (as) said: "Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) used to say: 'The blood money is one thousand dinars, and the value of a dinar is ten dirhams. For the people of gold, it is one thousand dinars; for the people of silver, it is ten thousand dirhams; for the people of the cities, it is ten thousand; for the people of the deserts, the blood money is one hundred camels; and for the people of the villages, it is two hundred cows or one thousand sheep.'"

5202 - وَ سَمِعَ كُلَيْبُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: "مَنْ قَتَلَ فِي شَهْرٍ حَرَامٍ فَعَلَيْهِ دِيَةٌ وَ ثُلُثٌ".

Hadith.5202 - Kulayb ibn Muawiyah heard Abu Abdullah Imam Al-Sadiq (as) say: "Whoever kills during a sacred month (haram month) is liable for the full blood money (diyyah) plus one-third."

5203 - وَ رَوَى أَبَانٌ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: "إِذَا قَتَلَ اَلرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرٍ حَرَامٍ صَامَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ مِنْ أَشْهُرِ اَلْحُرُمِ".

Hadith.5203 - Aban narrated from Zurarah, who said: I heard Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) say, "If a man kills during a sacred month (haram month), he must fast for two consecutive months from the sacred months."

5204 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلاً مُسْلِماً عَمْداً فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَقْتُولِ أَوْلِيَاءُ مِنَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلاَّ أَوْلِيَاءُ مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلذِّمَّةِ مِنْ قَرَابَتِهِ فَقَالَ "عَلَى اَلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَعْرِضَ عَلَى قَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ اَلْإِسْلاَمَ فَمَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْهُمْ فَهُوَ وَلِيُّهُ يُدْفَعُ اَلْقَاتِلُ إِلَيْهِ فَإِنْ شَاءَ قَتَلَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ عَفَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ اَلدِّيَةَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُسْلِمْ مِنْ قَرَابَتِهِ أَحَدٌ كَانَ اَلْإِمَامُ وَلِيَّ أَمْرِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ قَتَلَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ اَلدِّيَةَ فَجَعَلَهَا فِي بَيْتِ مَالِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ لِأَنَّ جِنَايَةَ اَلْمَقْتُولِ كَانَتْ عَلَى اَلْإِمَامِ فَكَذَلِكَ تَكُونُ دِيَتُهُ لِإِمَامِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ " قُلْتُ فَإِنْ عَفَا عَنْهُ اَلْإِمَامُ فَقَالَ "إِنَّمَا هُوَ حَقٌّ لِجَمِيعِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ إِنَّمَا عَلَى اَلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ أَوْ يَأْخُذَ اَلدِّيَةَ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَعْفُوَ".

Hadith.5204 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Walad, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who intentionally killed a Muslim man, but the murdered man had no heirs among the Muslims, only relatives from the People of the Book (Ahl Al-Dhimmah) from his family. Imam (as) said: "It is upon the Imam to offer Islam to his non-Muslim relatives. Whoever among them accepts Islam becomes his heir, and the killer is handed over to him. If he wishes, he may kill him, or if he wishes, he may forgive him, or if he wishes, he may take the blood money (diyyah). If none of his relatives accept Islam, then the Imam becomes responsible for his case. If the Imam wishes, he may execute the killer, or if he wishes, he may take the blood money and deposit it in the public treasury (Bayt Al-Mal) of the Muslims because the responsibility of protecting the murdered person was upon Imam, and likewise, his blood money belongs to Imam of Muslims." I asked: "What if the Imam forgives the killer?" Imam (as) replied: "It is a right belonging to all Muslims. The Imam must either execute the killer or take the blood money, but he does not have the right to pardon."

5205 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ رَجُلاً عَلَى رَجُلٍ فَقَتَلَهُ فَقَالَ "اَلدِّيَةُ عَلَى اَلَّذِي وَقَعَ عَلَى اَلرَّجُلِ فَقَتَلَهُ لِأَوْلِيَاءِ اَلْمَقْتُولِ" قَالَ "وَ يَرْجِعُ اَلْمَدْفُوعُ بِالدِّيَةِ عَلَى اَلَّذِي دَفَعَهُ" قَالَ "وَ إِنْ أَصَابَ اَلْمَدْفُوعَ شَيْءٌ فَهُوَ عَلَى اَلدَّافِعِ أَيْضاً".

Hadith.5205 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab from Abdullah ibn Sinan from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who pushed another man onto someone else, causing that person's death. Imam (as) said: "The blood money (diyyah) is upon the one who fell onto the man and killed him, and it must be paid to the heirs of the murdered person." Imam (as) further said: "Then the one who was pushed may seek the diyyah from the one who pushed him." Imam (as) also said: "And if the one who was pushed suffers any harm, the responsibility falls upon the one who pushed him as well."

5206 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: "تُسْتَأْدَى دِيَةُ اَلْخَطَإِ فِي ثَلاَثِ سِنِينَ وَ تُسْتَأْدَى دِيَةُ اَلْعَمْدِ فِي سَنَةٍ".

Hadith.5206 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Walad from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: The Commander of the Faithful (as) used to say, "The blood money (diyyah) for accidental killing (khaṭaʾ) is to be paid over three years, while the blood money for intentional killing (Amd) must be paid within one year."

5207 - وَ رَوَى جَعْفَرُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ عَنْ مُعَلًّى أَبِي عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: ۝ فَمَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ فَهُوَ كَفّٰارَةٌ لَهُ ۝ قَالَ "يُكَفَّرُ عَنْهُ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا عَفَا عَنِ اَلْعَمْدِ.

Hadith.5207 - Jafar ibn Bashir narrated from Mualla Abu Uthman from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: I asked Imam (as) about the saying of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Majestic: "But if one remits it as charity, it is an expiation for him.". (Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:45) Imam (as) said: "A portion of his sins will be expiated according to the extent of the forgiveness granted in the case of intentional killing."

5208 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلاً عَمْداً فَرُفِعَ إِلَى اَلْوَالِي فَدَفَعَهُ اَلْوَالِي إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ اَلْمَقْتُولِ لِيَقْتُلُوهُ فَوَثَبَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَوْمٌ فَخَلَّصُوا اَلْقَاتِلَ مِنْ أَيْدِي اَلْأَوْلِيَاءِ فَقَالَ "أَرَى أَنْ يُحْبَسَ اَلَّذِينَ خَلَّصُوا اَلْقَاتِلَ مِنْ أَيْدِي اَلْأَوْلِيَاءِ أَبَداً حَتَّى يَأْتُوا بِالْقَاتِلِ" قِيلَ لَهُ فَإِنْ مَاتَ اَلْقَاتِلُ وَ هُمْ فِي اَلسِّجْنِ فَقَالَ "إِنْ مَاتَ فَعَلَيْهِمُ اَلدِّيَةُ يُؤَدُّونَهَا إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ اَلْمَقْتُولِ".

Hadith.5208 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Ayyub from Hariz from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: I asked Imam (as) about a man who intentionally killed another man. The matter was presented to the governor, and the governor handed the killer over to the heirs of the murdered person to execute him. However, a group of people attacked and rescued the killer from the heirs. Imam (as) said: "I believe that those who rescued the killer from the hands of the heirs should be imprisoned indefinitely until they bring back the killer." It was asked: "What if the killer dies while they are in prison?" Imam (as) replied: "If he dies, then they must pay the blood money (diyyah) to the heirs of the murdered person."

5209 - وَ رَوَى هِشَامُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ سُوقَةَ عَنِ اَلْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي اَلْعَمْدِ وَ اَلْخَطَإِ فِي اَلْقَتْلِ وَ فِي اَلْجِرَاحَاتِ فَقَالَ "لَيْسَ اَلْخَطَأُ مِثْلَ اَلْعَمْدِ اَلْعَمْدُ فِيهِ اَلْقَتْلُ وَ اَلْجِرَاحَاتُ فِيهَا اَلْقِصَاصُ وَ اَلْخَطَأُ فِي اَلْقَتْلِ وَ اَلْجِرَاحَاتِ فِيهِمَا اَلدِّيَةُ" وَ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي "يَا حَكَمُ إِذَا كَانَ اَلْخَطَأُ مِنَ اَلْقَاتِلِ أَوِ اَلْخَطَأُ مِنَ اَلْجَارِحِ وَ كَانَ بَدَوِيّاً فَدِيَةُ مَا جَنَى اَلْبَدَوِيُّ مِنَ اَلْخَطَإِ عَلَى أَوْلِيَائِهِ مِنَ اَلْبَدَوِيِّينَ" قَالَ "وَ إِذَا كَانَ اَلْجَارِحُ قَرَوِيّاً فَإِنَّ دِيَةَ مَا جَنَى مِنَ اَلْخَطَإِ عَلَى أَوْلِيَائِهِ اَلْقَرَوِيِّينَ".

Hadith.5209 - Hisham ibn Salim narrated from Ziyad ibn Suqah from Al-Hakam ibn Utaybah, who said: I asked Abu Jafar (as), "What do you say about intentional and accidental killing and in cases of injuries?" Imam (as) replied: "Accidental killing is not the same as intentional killing. In intentional killing, execution (qiṣaṣ) applies, and for injuries, retribution applies. In accidental killing and injuries, there is blood money (diyyah)." Then Imam (as) said to me: "O' Hakam, if the unintentional act is committed by the killer or the one who inflicted the injury, and he is a Bedouin, then the diyyah for what the Bedouin has done by mistake falls upon his fellow Bedouin relatives. And if the one who caused the injury is a villager, then the diyyah for what he has done by mistake falls upon his fellow villagers."