Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

4085 - وَ رَوَى أَبَانٌ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ اِسْتَعَارَ ثَوْباً ثُمَّ عَمَدَ إِلَيْهِ فَرَهَنَهُ فَجَاءَ أَهْلُ اَلْمَتَاعِ إِلَى مَتَاعِهِمْ فَقَالَ "يَأْخُذُونَ مَتَاعَهُمْ".

Hadith.4085 - Aban narrated from Hariz, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who borrowed a garment and then intentionally used it as collateral for a loan. Imam (as) said: "The owners of the item have the right to reclaim their property."

4086 - وَ اِسْتَعَارَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ مِنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ اَلْجُمَحِيِّ سَبْعِينَ دِرْعاً حُطَمِيَّةً وَ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ إِسْلاَمِهِ فَقَالَ أَ غَصْبٌ أَمْ عَارِيَّةٌ يَا أَبَا اَلْقَاسِمِ فَقَالَ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ "لاَ بَلْ عَارِيَّةٌ مُؤَدَّاةٌ" فَجَرَتِ اَلسُّنَّةُ فِي اَلْعَارِيَّةِ إِذَا اُشْتُرِطَ فِيهَا أَنْ تَكُونَ مُؤَدَّاةً وَ كَانَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ بَعْدَ إِسْلاَمِهِ نَائِماً فِي اَلْمَسْجِدِ فَسُرِقَ رِدَاؤُهُ فَتَبِعَ اَللِّصَّ وَ أَخَذَ مِنْهُ اَلرِّدَاءَ وَ جَاءَ بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ أَقَامَ بِذَلِكَ شَاهِدَيْنِ عَدْلَيْنِ عَلَيْهِ فَأَمَرَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بِقَطْعِ يَمِينِهِ فَقَالَ صَفْوَانُ يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ أَ تَقْطَعُهُ مِنْ أَجْلِ رِدَائِي قَدْ وَهَبْتُهُ لَهُ فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "أَلاَّ كَانَ هَذَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَرْفَعَهُ إِلَيَّ" فَقَطَعَهُ فَجَرَتِ اَلسُّنَّةُ فِي اَلْحَدِّ إِذَا رُفِعَ إِلَى اَلْإِمَامِ وَ قَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ اَلْبَيِّنَةُ أَنْ لاَ يُعَطَّلَ وَ يُقَامَ.

Hadith.4086 - The Prophet (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) borrowed seventy coats of mail made of iron from Safwan ibn Umayyah al-Jumahi before he embraced Islam. Safwan asked: "O Abu al-Qasim, is this a seizure or a loan?" The Prophet (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) replied: "No, it is a loan to be returned." Thus, it became a precedent that a loan (ariyyah) must be returned if stipulated. After Safwan embraced Islam, he was once sleeping in the mosque when his cloak was stolen. Safwan pursued the thief, retrieved the cloak, and brought him to the Messenger of Allah (swt) (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family). He also presented two just witnesses against the thief. The Prophet (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) ordered that the thief's right hand be cut off. Safwan said: "O Messenger of Allah (swt), will you cut off his hand because of my cloak? I have already gifted it to him." The Prophet (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) said: "Why did you not say this before bringing the matter to me?" The sentence was then carried out, establishing the precedent that if a case reaches the Imam and evidence is presented, the prescribed punishment (hadd) cannot be waived.

4087 - رَوَى حَمَّادٌ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "صَاحِبُ اَلْوَدِيعَةِ وَ اَلْبِضَاعَةِ مُؤْتَمَنَانِ".

Hadith.4087 - Hammad narrated from al-Halabi, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: "The trustee of a deposit (wadi'ah) and the trustee of merchandise (bida'ah) are both considered trustworthy."

4088 - وَ قَالَ : فِي رَجُلٍ اِسْتَأْجَرَ أَجِيراً فَأَقْعَدَهُ عَلَى مَتَاعِهِ فَسُرِقَ قَالَ "هُوَ مُؤْتَمَنٌ".

Hadith.4088 - Imam (as) was asked about a man who hired a laborer and entrusted him to guard his goods, but the goods were stolen. Imam (as) said: "He is considered trustworthy."

4089 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ قَالَ : كَتَبَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى اَلْفَقِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ وَدِيعَةً وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَضَعَهَا فِي مَنْزِلِهِ أَوْ لَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ فَوَضَعَهَا اَلرَّجُلُ فِي مَنْزِلِ جَارِهِ فَضَاعَتْ هَلْ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا خَالَفَ أَمْرَهُ أَوْ أَخْرَجَهَا مِنْ مِلْكِهِ فَوَقَّعَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "هُوَ ضَامِنٌ لَهَا إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى".

Hadith.4089 - It is narrated from Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, who said: A man wrote to the 'Jurist' (Imam Hasan ibn Ali Al-Askari (as)) regarding a case where someone entrusted another person with a deposit (wadi'ah) and instructed him to keep it in his own house, or gave no specific instruction. However, the man placed it in his neighbor's house, and it was lost. Does he bear responsibility if he disobeyed the instruction or moved it out of his possession? The 'Jurist' (Imam Hasan ibn Ali Al-Askari (as)) replied: "He is liable for it, if Allah (swt) wills."

4090 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَبِيبٍ اَلْخَثْعَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لَهُ اَلرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ اَلْمَالُ وَدِيعَةً يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ صَاحِبِهِ قَالَ "لاَ يَأْخُذْ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ وَفَاءٌ " وَ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ وَجَدَ مَنْ يَضْمَنُهُ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَفَاءٌ وَ أَشْهَدَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ اَلَّذِي يَضْمَنُهُ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ قَالَ "نَعَمْ".

Hadith.4090 - Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Habib al-Khath'ami, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: I asked Imam (as) about a man who has wealth in his possession as a deposit (wadi'ah). Can he take from it without the owner's permission? Imam (as) said: "He should not take from it unless he has the means to repay it." I then asked: "What if he finds someone who guarantees it for him, but he himself does not have the means to repay, and he has the guarantor testify on his behalf, can he take from it?" Imam (as) said: "Yes."

4091 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مِسْمَعٍ أَبِي سَيَّارٍ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِنِّي كُنْتُ اِسْتَوْدَعْتُ رَجُلاً مَالاً فَجَحَدَنِيهِ وَ حَلَفَ لِي عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ جَاءَنِي بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِسَنَتَيْنِ بِالْمَالِ اَلَّذِي أَوْدَعْتُهُ إِيَّاهُ فَقَالَ هَذَا مَالُكَ فَخُذْهُ وَ هَذِهِ أَرْبَعَةُ آلاَفِ دِرْهَمٍ رَبِحْتُهَا فَهِيَ لَكَ مَعَ مَالِكَ وَ اِجْعَلْنِي فِي حِلٍّ فَأَخَذْتُ مِنْهُ اَلْمَالَ وَ أَبَيْتُ أَنْ آخُذَ اَلرِّبْحَ مِنْهُ وَ وَقَفْتُ اَلْمَالَ اَلَّذِي كُنْتُ اِسْتَوْدَعْتُهُ وَ أَبَيْتُ أَخْذَهُ حَتَّى أَسْتَطْلِعَ رَأْيَكَ فَمَا تَرَى فَقَالَ "خُذْ نِصْفَ اَلرِّبْحِ وَ أَعْطِهِ اَلنِّصْفَ وَ حَلِّلْهُ فَإِنَّ هَذَا رَجُلٌ تَائِبٌ وَ اَللَّهُ "يُحِبُّ اَلتَّوّٰابِينَ" ".

Hadith.4091 - It is narrated from Misma' Abu Sayyar, who said: I said to Abu Abdullah (as): "I had entrusted a man with some wealth, but he denied it and swore an oath against it. After two years, he returned to me with the wealth I had entrusted him and said, This is your wealth, take it. And here are four thousand dirhams I earned as profit, it is also yours. Please forgive me.' I took back my wealth but refused to take the profit. I held off from taking the entrusted wealth as well until I could consult your opinion. What do you advise?" Imam (as) said: "Take half of the profit and give him the other half. Then forgive him, for this man has repented, and Allah (swt) 'loves those who repent'."

4092 - وَ سَأَلَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِسْتَوْدَعَ رَجُلاً أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ فَضَاعَتْ فَقَالَ لَهُ اَلرَّجُلُ إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ قَرْضاً وَ قَالَ اَلْآخَرُ إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ وَدِيعَةً فَقَالَ "اَلْمَالُ لاَزِمٌ لَهُ إِلاَّ أَنْ يُقِيمَ اَلْبَيِّنَةَ إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ وَدِيعَةً".

Hadith.4092 - Ishaq ibn Ammar asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who entrusted another man with one thousand dirhams, but the money was lost. The trustee claimed that the amount was a loan, while the depositor insisted it was a deposit (wadi'ah). Imam (as) said: "The money is binding upon him (the trustee) unless he provides evidence that it was a deposit."

4093 - وَ قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِلصَّادِقِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِنِّي اِئْتَمَنْتُ رَجُلاً عَلَى مَالٍ أَوْدَعْتُهُ إِيَّاهُ عِنْدَهُ فَخَانَنِي فِيهِ وَ أَنْكَرَ مَالِي فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "لَمْ يَخُنْكَ اَلْأَمِينُ وَ لَكِنَّكَ اِئْتَمَنْتَ اَلْخَائِنَ".

Hadith.4093 - A man said to Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as): "I entrusted a man with wealth, or I deposited it with him, but he betrayed me and denied having my wealth." Imam (as) said: "The trustworthy one did not betray you, but rather, you entrusted a traitor."

4094 - رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ رَهَنَ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ رَهْناً فَضَاعَ اَلرَّهْنُ قَالَ "هُوَ مِنْ مَالِ اَلرَّاهِنِ وَ يَرْتَجِعُ اَلْمُرْتَهَنُ عَلَيْهِ بِمَالِهِ".

Hadith.4094 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Jamil ibn Darraj, who said that Abu Abdullah (as) was asked about a man who gave collateral (rahn) to another man, but the collateral was lost. Imam (as) said: "It is the responsibility of the pledger (rahin), and the pledgee (murtahin) has the right to claim his money from him."