Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

4095 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ : "اَلظَّهْرُ يُرْكَبُ إِذَا كَانَ مَرْهُوناً وَ عَلَى اَلَّذِي يَرْكَبُهُ نَفَقَتُهُ وَ اَلدَّرُّ يُشْرَبُ إِذَا كَانَ مَرْهُوناً وَ عَلَى اَلَّذِي يَشْرَبُ اَلدَّرَّ نَفَقَتُهُ ".

Hadith.4095 - In a narration from Ismail ibn Muslim, from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), from his forefathers (peace be upon them), from Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), who said that the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) said: "The back (of a riding animal) may be ridden if it is given as collateral (rahn), and the one who rides it is responsible for its expenses. And the milk may be drunk if it is given as collateral, and the one who drinks the milk is responsible for its expenses."

4096 - وَ رَوَى صَفْوَانُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لَهُ اَلرَّجُلُ يَرْتَهِنُ اَلْعَبْدَ فَيُصِيبُهُ عَوَرٌ أَوْ يَنْقُصُ مِنْ جَسَدِهِ شَيْءٌ عَلَى مَنْ يَكُونُ نُقْصَانُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ "عَلَى مَوْلاَهُ" قَالَ قُلْتُ إِنَّ اَلنَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ إِنْ رَهَنْتَ اَلْعَبْدَ فَمَرِضَ أَوِ اِنْفَقَأَتْ عَيْنُهُ فَأَصَابَهُ نُقْصَانٌ فِي جَسَدِهِ يَنْقُصُ مِنْ مَالِ اَلرَّجُلِ بِقَدْرِ مَا يَنْقُصُ مِنَ اَلْعَبْدِ قَالَ "أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ اَلْعَبْدَ قَتَلَ عَلَى مَنْ تَكُونُ جِنَايَتُهُ" قَالَ "جِنَايَتُهُ فِي عُنُقِهِ".

Hadith.4096 - Safwan ibn Yahya narrated from Ishaq ibn Ammar, who said: I asked Abu Ibrahim (Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as)) about a man who takes a slave as collateral (rahn), and the slave suffers an injury, such as losing an eye or any reduction in his physical condition. Who bears the loss for such a deficiency? Imam (as) replied: "It is upon his master." I said: "The people say that if you give a slave as collateral and he falls ill, loses an eye, or suffers a physical defect, the man's wealth should decrease in proportion to the loss in the slave." Imam (as) said: "What do you think, if the slave committed murder, who would bear the liability for his crime?" I replied: "His liability would remain upon him."

4097 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ مَتَاعٍ فِي يَدَيْ رَجُلَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا يَقُولُ اِسْتَوْدَعْتُكَاهُ وَ اَلْآخَرُ يَقُولُ هُوَ رَهْنٌ فَقَالَ "اَلْقَوْلُ قَوْلُ اَلَّذِي يَقُولُ هُوَ رَهْنٌ عِنْدِي إِلاَّ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ اَلَّذِي اِدَّعَى أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَوْدَعَهُ بِشُهُودٍ".

Hadith.4097 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from 'Abbad ibn Suhayb, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about an item held by two men, one of them claims, "I entrusted it to you as a deposit (wadi'ah)," while the other says, "It is collateral (rahn) with me." Imam (as) said: "The statement of the one who claims it is collateral (rahn) is accepted unless the one who claims it was entrusted (wadi'ah) presents witnesses."

4098 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَأْخُذُ اَلدَّابَّةَ وَ اَلْبَعِيرَ رَهْناً بِمَالِهِ هَلْ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْكَبَهُمَا فَقَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ يَعْلِفُهُمَا فَلَهُ أَنْ يَرْكَبَهُمَا وَ إِنْ كَانَ اَلَّذِي أَرْهَنَهُمَا عِنْدَهُ يَعْلِفُهُمَا فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرْكَبَهُمَا".

Hadith.4098 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Walad, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who takes a riding animal or a camel as collateral (rahn) for his money, does he have the right to ride them? Imam (as) said: "If he is the one feeding them, then he has the right to ride them. But if the one who pledged them as collateral is the one feeding them, then he does not have the right to ride them."

4099 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ اَلْكَرْخِيِّ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ رَهَنَ بِمَالِهِ أَرْضاً أَوْ دَاراً لَهُمَا غَلَّةٌ كَثِيرَةٌ فَقَالَ "عَلَى اَلَّذِي اِرْتَهَنَ اَلْأَرْضَ وَ اَلدَّارَ بِمَالِهِ أَنْ يَحْسُبَ لِصَاحِبِ اَلْأَرْضِ وَ اَلدَّارِ مَا أَخَذَ مِنَ اَلْغَلَّةِ وَ يَطْرَحَهُ عَنْهُ مِنَ اَلدَّيْنِ لَهُ".

Hadith.4099 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ibrahim al-Karkhi, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who took a piece of land or a house as collateral (rahn) for his money, and both the land and the house produced abundant yield. Imam (as) said: "It is upon the one who took the land and the house as collateral for his money to calculate what he has taken from the yield and deduct it from the debt owed to him."

4100 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ عَنْ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ اَلْأَرْمَنِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلْحَكَمِ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَفْلَسَ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ لِقَوْمٍ وَ عِنْدَ بَعْضِهِمْ رُهُونٌ وَ لَيْسَ عِنْدَ بَعْضِهِمْ فَمَاتَ وَ لاَ يُحِيطُ مَالُهُ بِمَا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ اَلدَّيْنِ قَالَ "يُقْسَمُ جَمِيعُ مَا خَلَّفَ مِنَ اَلرُّهُونِ وَ غَيْرِهَا عَلَى أَرْبَابِ اَلدَّيْنِ بِالْحِصَصِ".

Hadith.4100 - Muhammad ibn Hassan narrated from Abi Imran al-Armani, from Abdullah ibn al-Hakam, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who became bankrupt and owed debts to some people, some of whom held collateral (ruhun) while others did not. The man then died, and his remaining wealth was insufficient to cover his debts. Imam (as) said: "All that he left behind, including the collateral and other possessions, shall be divided among the creditors in proportion to their shares of the debt."

4101 - قَالَ : وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ رَهَنَ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ رَهْناً عَلَى أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ اَلرَّهْنُ يُسَاوِي أَلْفَيْنِ فَضَاعَ قَالَ "يَرْجِعُ عَلَيْهِ بِفَضْلِ مَا رَهَنَهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ أَنْقَصَ مِمَّا رَهَنَهُ عَلَيْهِ رَجَعَ عَلَى اَلرَّاهِنِ بِالْفَضْلِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ اَلرَّهْنُ يَسْوَي مَا رَهَنَهُ عَلَيْهِ فَالرَّهْنُ بِمَا فِيهِ".

Hadith.4101 - He (narrator) said: I asked him about a man who deposited collateral (rahn) with another man against a debt of one thousand dirhams, while the value of the collateral was two thousand dirhams, but the collateral was lost. Imam (as) said: "The creditor shall reclaim from the debtor the surplus value of what was pledged. If the value of the collateral was less than the debt, the creditor shall reclaim the remaining balance from the debtor. However, if the value of the collateral equaled the debt, then the collateral suffices as payment for the debt."

4102 - مَا رَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "فِي اَلرَّهْنِ إِذَا ضَاعَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اَلْمُرْتَهِنِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَسْتَهْلِكَهُ رَجَعَ بِحَقِّهِ عَلَى اَلرَّاهِنِ فَأَخَذَهُ وَ إِنِ اِسْتَهْلَكَهُ تَرَادَّا اَلْفَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا".

Hadith.4102 - Ali ibn al-Hakam narrated from Aban ibn Uthman, from Abu Abdullah (as): "Regarding a pledge (rahn), if it is lost while in the possession of the creditor (murtahin) without being consumed by him, he may reclaim his right from the pledger (rahin) and take it. However, if the creditor consumed it, then they should settle the surplus value between them."

4103 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "إِنْ رَهَنَ رَجُلٌ أَرْضاً فِيهَا ثَمَرَةٌ فَإِنَّ ثَمَرَتَهَا مِنْ حِسَابِ مَالِهِ وَ لَهُ حِسَابُ مَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا وَ أَنْفَقَ فِيهَا فَإِذَا اِسْتَوْفَى مَالَهُ فَلْيَدْفَعِ اَلْأَرْضَ إِلَى صَاحِبِهَا".

Hadith.4103 - Muhammad ibn Qays narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as): "If a man pledges (rahn) a piece of land that contains fruit, then its produce shall be accounted as part of his payment. He is also entitled to calculate what he worked on and spent on it. Once his debt is settled, he must return the land to its owner."

4104 - وَ رَوَى إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَهْنٍ اِخْتَلَفَ فِيهِ اَلرَّاهِنُ وَ اَلْمُرْتَهِنُ فَقَالَ "اَلرَّاهِنُ هُوَ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا" وَ قَالَ "اَلْمُرْتَهِنُ هُوَ بِأَكْثَرَ إِنَّهُ يُصَدَّقُ اَلْمُرْتَهِنُ حَتَّى يُحِيطَ بِالثَّمَنِ لِأَنَّهُ أَمِينٌ".

Hadith.4104 - Isma'il ibn Muslim narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) (peace be upon them), who said that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) stated: "In a case of dispute over a pledged item (rahn) between the pledger (rahin) and the pledgee (murtahin), where the pledger claims its value is such-and-such, and the pledgee claims it is of a higher value, the pledgee shall be believed until the value covers the debt because he is considered trustworthy."