Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

3481 - وَ سَأَلَهُ سَمَاعَةُ : عَنِ اَلْعَبْدِ يُكَاتِبُهُ مَوْلاَهُ وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنْ لَيْسَ لَهُ قَلِيلٌ وَ لاَ كَثِيرٌ قَالَ "فَلْيُكَاتِبْهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ يَسْأَلُ اَلنَّاسَ وَ لاَ يَمْنَعُهُ اَلْمُكَاتَبَةُ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَإِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَرْزُقُ اَلْعِبَادَ بَعْضَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَالْمُحْسِنُ مُعَانٌ ".

Hadith.3481 - Sama'ah asked him about a slave whose master enters into a mukataba (a contract of emancipation) with him, knowing that the slave possesses neither a little nor much wealth. Imam (as) said: "Let him enter into the mukataba, even if the slave has to ask others for help. The lack of wealth should not prevent the contract, for Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, provides sustenance to His servants through one another. The one who does good is supported."

3482 - وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ مَلَكَ مَمْلُوكاً لَهُ فَسَأَلَ صَاحِبَهُ اَلْمُكَاتَبَةَ أَ لَهُ أَنْ لاَ يُكَاتِبَهُ إِلاَّ عَلَى اَلْغَلاَءِ قَالَ "نَعَمْ".

Hadith.3482 - Imam (as) was asked about a man who owned a slave, and the slave requested a mukataba (a contract of emancipation). Is the master allowed to set the terms of the mukataba at a high price? Imam (as) said: "Yes."

3483 - وَ رَوَى حَمَّادٌ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي اَلْمُكَاتَبِ يُكَاتَبُ وَ يَشْتَرِطُ عَلَيْهِ مَوَالِيهِ أَنَّهُ إِنْ عَجَزَ فَهُوَ مَمْلُوكٌ وَ لَهُمْ مَا أَخَذُوا مِنْهُ قَالَ "يَأْخُذُهُ مَوَالِيهِ بِشَرْطِهِمْ".

Hadith.3483 - Hammad narrated from al-Halabi, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a mukatab (a slave under a contract of emancipation) who enters into the contract with his masters, and they stipulate that if he fails to complete the payments, he will return to slavery, and whatever they have already received from him will remain theirs. Imam (as) said: "His masters will take him back as a slave based on their condition."

3484 - وَ رَوَى مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : فِي مَمْلُوكٍ كَاتَبَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَ مَالِهِ وَ لَهُ أَمَةٌ وَ قَدْ شُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لاَ يَتَزَوَّجَ فَأَعْتَقَ اَلْأَمَةَ وَ تَزَوَّجَهَا قَالَ "لاَ يَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ يُحْدِثَ فِي مَالِهِ إِلاَّ اَلْأَكْلَةَ مِنَ اَلطَّعَامِ وَ نِكَاحُهُ فَاسِدٌ مَرْدُودٌ" قِيلَ فَإِنَّ سَيِّدَهُ عَلِمَ بِنِكَاحِهِ وَ لَمْ يَقُلْ شَيْئاً قَالَ "إِذَا صَمَتَ حِينَ يَعْلَمُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَقَرَّ" قِيلَ فَإِنْ كَانَ اَلْمُكَاتَبُ أُعْتِقَ أَ فَتَرَى أَنْ يُجَدِّدَ نِكَاحَهُ أَوْ يَمْضِيَ عَلَى اَلنِّكَاحِ اَلْأَوَّلِ قَالَ "يَمْضِي عَلَى نِكَاحِهِ".

Hadith.3484 - Mu'awiyah ibn Wahb narrated from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a mukatab (a slave under a contract of emancipation) who entered into the contract on behalf of himself and his wealth. He had a female slave and was under a condition that he should not marry. He then freed the female slave and married her. Imam (as) said: "He is not allowed to make changes to his wealth except for basic sustenance, and his marriage is invalid and rejected." It was asked: "What if his master knew about the marriage and remained silent without objecting?" Imam (as) said: "If the master remained silent after knowing, then he has approved it." It was further asked: "If the mukatab was later emancipated, should he renew the marriage contract or continue based on the initial contract?" Imam (as) said: "He may continue based on the initial marriage."

3485 - وَ رَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلنُّعْمَانِ عَنْ أَبِي اَلصَّبَّاحِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي اَلْمُكَاتَبِ يُؤَدِّي نِصْفَ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ وَ يَبْقَى عَلَيْهِ اَلنِّصْفُ ثُمَّ يَدْعُو مَوَالِيَهُ إِلَى بَقِيَّةِ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ فَيَقُولُ لَهُمْ خُذُوا مَا بَقِيَ ضَرْبَةً وَاحِدَةً قَالَ "يَأْخُذُونَ مَا بَقِيَ ثُمَّ يُعْتَقُ" وَ قَالَ فِي اَلْمُكَاتَبِ يُؤَدِّي بَعْضَ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ وَ يَتْرُكُ اِبْناً وَ يَتْرُكُ مَالاً أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ قَالَ "يُوَفَّى مَوَالِيَهُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِوَلَدِهِ".

Hadith.3485 - Ali ibn al-Nu'man narrated from Abu al-Sabbah, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a mukatab (a slave under a contract of emancipation) who pays half of his contract and still owes the remaining half. Then he offers his masters the remaining amount as a lump sum payment. Imam (as) said: "They may take the remaining amount, and he becomes free." And regarding a mukatab who pays part of his contract, then dies, leaving behind a son and wealth greater than the amount owed for his contract: Imam (as) said: "The masters are paid the remaining balance of the contract, and whatever remains belongs to his son."

3486 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي مُكَاتَبٍ يَمُوتُ وَ قَدْ أَدَّى بَعْضَ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ وَ لَهُ اِبْنٌ مِنْ جَارِيَتِهِ قَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ اُشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ عَجَزَ فَهُوَ مَمْلُوكٌ رَجَعَ اِبْنُهُ مَمْلُوكاً وَ اَلْجَارِيَةُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ اُشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ أَدَّى اِبْنُهُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ وَ وَرِثَ مَا بَقِيَ".

Hadith.3486 - Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a mukatab (a slave under a contract of emancipation) who dies after having paid part of his contract and has a son from his bondwoman. Imam (as) said: "If it was stipulated in the contract that if he fails to complete the payments, he would return to slavery, then his son and the bondwoman also return to slavery. However, if no such condition was stipulated, then his son must pay the remaining balance of the contract and inherit whatever remains."

3487 - وَ رَوَى جَمِيلُ بْنُ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ مِهْزَمٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْمُكَاتَبِ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ فَقَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ اُشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ فَوُلْدُهُ مَمَالِيكُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ اُشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ سَعَى وُلْدُهُ فِي مُكَاتَبَةِ أَبِيهِمْ وَ عَتَقُوا إِذَا أَدَّوْا".

Hadith.3487 - Jamil ibn Darraj narrated from Mihzam, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a mukatab (a slave under a contract of emancipation) who dies and leaves behind children. Imam (as) said: "If it was stipulated in the contract that failure to complete the payments would result in returning to slavery, then his children are slaves. However, if no such condition was stipulated, then his children must work to pay off their father's contract, and they will be freed once they complete the payments."

3488 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "إِنِ اِشْتَرَطَ اَلْمَمْلُوكُ اَلْمُكَاتَبُ عَلَى مَوْلاَهُ أَنَّهُ لاَ وَلاَءَ لِأَحَدٍ عَلَيْهِ أَوِ اِشْتَرَطَ اَلسَّيِّدُ وَلاَءَ اَلْمُكَاتَبِ فَأَقَرَّ اَلْمُكَاتَبُ اَلَّذِي كُوتِبَ فَلَهُ وَلاَؤُهُ " قَالَ "وَ قَضَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي مُكَاتَبٍ اُشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ وَلاَؤُهُ إِذَا أُعْتِقَ فَنَكَحَ وَلِيدَةً لِرَجُلٍ آخَرَ فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ وَلَداً فَحُرِّرَ وَلَدُهُ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ اَلْمُكَاتَبُ فَوَرِثَهُ وَلَدُهُ فَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي وَلَدِهِ مَنْ يَرِثُهُ فَأَلْحَقَ وَلَدَهُ بِمَوَالِي أَبِيهِ".

Hadith.3488 - Muhammad ibn Qays narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: "If a mukatab (a slave under a contract of emancipation) stipulates with his master that there will be no wala' (loyalty) upon him, or if the master stipulates that the wala' of the mukatab will belong to him and the mukatab agrees, then the wala' belongs to the master." Imam (as) said: "Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, ruled regarding a mukatab who had a condition in his contract that his wala' would belong to his master upon his emancipation. The mukatab married a bondwoman belonging to another man, and she bore him a child. The child was then freed. Later, the mukatab died, and his child inherited from him. There was a dispute regarding who would inherit from the child. Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, ruled that the child should be affiliated with the master of his father."

3489 - وَ قَضَى عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي مُكَاتَبَةٍ تُوُفِّيَتْ وَ قَدْ قَضَتْ عَامَّةَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهَا فَوَلَدَتْ وَلَداً فِي مُكَاتَبَتِهَا فَقَضَى فِي وَلَدِهَا أَنَّهُ يَعْتِقُ مِنْهُ مِثْلُ الَّذِي عَتَقَ مِنْهَا وَ يَرِقُّ مِنْهُ مِثْلُ الَّذِي رَقَّ مِنْهَا.

Hadith.3489 - Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) ruled regarding a mukatabah (a female slave under a contract of emancipation) who passed away after having paid most of what was required of her and had given birth to a child during her contract. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) ruled that the child would be freed in proportion to the part of the mother that had been freed and would remain in bondage in proportion to the part of the mother that remained in bondage.

3490 - وَ رَوَى عُمَرُ صَاحِبُ اَلْكَرَابِيسِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "فِي رَجُلٍ كَاتَبَ مَمْلُوكَهُ وَ اِشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّ مِيرَاثَهُ لَهُ فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَأَبْطَلَ شَرْطَهُ وَ قَالَ "شَرْطُ اَللَّهِ قَبْلَ شَرْطِكَ" ".

Hadith.3490 - Umar, the companion of al-Karabis, narrated from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who entered into a mukataba (a contract of emancipation) with his slave and stipulated that the slave's inheritance would belong to him (the master). This case was presented to Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) , who invalidated the condition and said: "The condition of Allah (swt) precedes your condition."