Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

3491 - وَ رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: ۝ فَكٰاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْراً ۝ قَالَ "اَلْخَيْرُ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اَللَّهُ وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ وَ يَكُونَ بِيَدِهِ عَمَلٌ يَكْتَسِبُ بِهِ أَوْ يَكُونَ لَهُ حِرْفَةٌ".

Hadith.3491 - Al-Ala' narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: "Then write [a contract of emancipation] for them if you know any good in them" (Surah An-Nur 24:33). Imam (as) said: "The 'good' refers to bearing witness that there is no god but Allah (swt) and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah (swt), and that the slave possesses a skill by which he can earn a livelihood or has a trade."

3492 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "أَنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ كَانَ يَسْتَسْعِي اَلْمُكَاتَبَ لِأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَكُونُوا يَشْتَرِطُونَ إِنْ عَجَزَ فَهُوَ رِقٌّ " وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "لَهُمْ شُرُوطُهُمْ " وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "يُنْتَظَرُ بِالْمُكَاتَبِ ثَلاَثَةَ أَنْجُمٍ فَإِنْ هُوَ عَجَزَ رُدَّ رَقِيقاً".

Hadith.3492 - It is narrated from Al-Qasim ibn Sulayman, from Abu Abdullah (as): Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) used to allow a mukatab (a slave under a contract of emancipation) to continue working to pay off his contract, because at that time they did not stipulate that if he failed, he would return to slavery. Abu Abdullah (as), said: "They are bound by their conditions." Imam (as) also said: "A mukatab is given a period of three installments. If he fails to make the payments, he is returned to slavery."

3493 - قَالَ : وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: ۝ وَ آتُوهُمْ مِنْ مٰالِ اَللّٰهِ اَلَّذِي آتٰاكُمْ ۝ قَالَ "سَمِعْتُ أَبِي عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ "لاَ يُكَاتِبْهُ عَلَى اَلَّذِي أَرَادَ أَنْ يُكَاتِبَهُ ثُمَّ يَزِيدُ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ يَضَعُ عَنْهُ وَ لَكِنَّهُ يَضَعُ عَنْهُ مِمَّا نَوَى أَنْ يُكَاتِبَهُ عَلَيْهِ" ".

Hadith.3493 - He said: I asked him about the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: "And give them from the wealth of Allah (swt) which He has given you" (Surah An-Nur 24:33). Imam (as) said: I heard my father, peace be upon him, say: "He should not set the amount for the mukataba (contract of emancipation) and then increase it, only to reduce it later. Rather, he should reduce the amount from what he initially intended to stipulate in the contract."

3216 - رَوَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَائِذٍ عَنْ أَبِي خَدِيجَةَ سَالِمِ بْنِ مُكْرَمٍ اَلْجَمَّالِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "إِيَّاكُمْ أَنْ يُحَاكِمَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضاً إِلَى أَهْلِ اَلْجَوْرِ وَ لَكِنِ اُنْظُرُوا إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْكُمْ، يَعْلَمُ شَيْئاً مِنْ قَضَايَانَا فَاجْعَلُوهُ بَيْنَكُمْ فَإِنِّي قَدْ جَعَلْتُهُ قَاضِياً فَتَحَاكَمُوا إِلَيْهِ ".

Hadith.3216 - Ahmad ibn A'idh narrated from Abu Khadijah Salim ibn Mukram al-Jammal, who said: Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Beware that none of you should take another to judgment before the people of tyranny. Instead, look for a man among you who knows something of our judgments, and appoint him as a judge between you, for indeed I have appointed him as a judge. So refer to him for judgment."

3217 - وَ رَوَى مُعَلَّى بْنُ خُنَيْسٍ عَنِ اَلصَّادِقِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لَهُ قَوْلُ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ۝ إِنَّ اَللّٰهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا اَلْأَمٰانٰاتِ إِلىٰ أَهْلِهٰا وَ إِذٰا حَكَمْتُمْ بَيْنَ اَلنّٰاسِ أَنْ تَحْكُمُوا بِالْعَدْلِ ۝ قَالَ "عَلَى اَلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ مَا عِنْدَهُ إِلَى اَلْإِمَامِ اَلَّذِي بَعْدَهُ وَ أُمِرَتِ اَلْأَئِمَّةُ أَنْ يَحْكُمُوا بِالْعَدْلِ وَ أُمِرَ اَلنَّاسُ أَنْ يَتَّبِعُوهُمْ".

Hadith.3217 - Mualla ibn Khunays narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as). He said: I asked Imam (as) about the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: "Indeed, Allah (swt) commands you to render trusts to their owners and when you judge between people, to judge with justice." (Surah An-Nisa 4:58) Imam (as) replied: "It is incumbent upon the Imam (as) to hand over what is with him to the next Imam (as) who comes after him. The Imams (as) have been commanded to judge with justice, and the people have been commanded to follow them."

3218 - وَ رَوَى عَطَاءُ بْنُ اَلسَّائِبِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "إِذَا كُنْتُمْ فِي أَئِمَّةِ جَوْرٍ فَاقْضُوا فِي أَحْكَامِهِمْ وَ لاَ تَشْهَرُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتُقْتَلُوا وَ إِنْ تَعَامَلْتُمْ بِأَحْكَامِنَا كَانَ خَيْراً لَكُمْ ".

Hadith.3218 - Ata' ibn al-Sa'ib narrated from Imam Ali ibn Al-Hussain (as) who said: "When you are under oppressive rulers, then judge according to their rulings and do not expose yourselves, lest you be killed. However, if you conduct your dealings according to our rulings, it will be better for you."

3219 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "أَيُّمَا مُؤْمِنٍ قَدَّمَ مُؤْمِناً فِي خُصُومَةٍ إِلَى قَاضٍ أَوْ سُلْطَانٍ جَائِرٍ فَقَضَى عَلَيْهِ بِغَيْرِ حُكْمِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَقَدْ شَرِكَهُ فِي اَلْإِثْمِ ".

Hadith.3219 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdillah (as), who said: "Any believer who refers another believer to a judge or a tyrannical ruler, and he rules against him contrary to the judgment of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has indeed shared in the sin."

3220 - وَ رَوَى حَرِيزٌ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : "أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ أَخٍ لَهُ، مُمَارَاةٌ فِي حَقٍّ فَدَعَاهُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ إِخْوَانِكُمْ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَهُ فَأَبَى إِلاَّ أَنْ يُرَافِعَهُ إِلَى هَؤُلاَءِ كَانَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ اَلَّذِينَ قَالَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: ۝ أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى اَلَّذِينَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا بِمٰا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَ مٰا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَتَحٰاكَمُوا إِلَى اَلطّٰاغُوتِ وَ قَدْ أُمِرُوا أَنْ يَكْفُرُوا بِهِ ۝ " اَلْآيَةَ.

Hadith.3220 - Hariz narrated from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdillah (as) that he said: "Any man who has a dispute with his brother over a right, and he calls him to a man from among your brothers to judge between them, but he refuses and insists on taking him to these (unjust judges), is like those about whom Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, said: 'Have you not seen those who claim to have believed in what was revealed to you and what was revealed before you? They wish to refer their judgment to Taghut, while they were commanded to reject it'" (Surah An-Nisa 4:60).

3221 - قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "اَلْقُضَاةُ أَرْبَعَةٌ ثَلاَثَةٌ فِي اَلنَّارِ وَ وَاحِدٌ فِي اَلْجَنَّةِ رَجُلٌ قَضَى بِجَوْرٍ وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ فَهُوَ فِي اَلنَّارِ وَ رَجُلٌ قَضَى بِجَوْرٍ وَ هُوَ لاَ يَعْلَمُ فَهُوَ فِي اَلنَّارِ وَ رَجُلٌ قَضَى بِحَقٍّ وَ هُوَ لاَ يَعْلَمُ فَهُوَ فِي اَلنَّارِ وَ رَجُلٌ قَضَى بِالْحَقِّ وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ فَهُوَ فِي اَلْجَنَّةِ " وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "اَلْحُكْمُ حُكْمَانِ حُكْمُ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ حُكْمُ أَهْلِ اَلْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَمَنْ أَخْطَأَ حُكْمَ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ حَكَمَ بِحُكْمِ أَهْلِ اَلْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَ مَنْ حَكَمَ بِدِرْهَمَيْنِ بِغَيْرِ مَا أَنْزَلَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ تَعَالَى ".

Hadith.3221 - Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "The judges are four: three are in the Fire, and one is in Paradise. A man who judges unjustly while he knows is in the Fire. A man who judges unjustly while he does not know is in the Fire. A man who judges justly while he does not know is in the Fire. And a man who judges justly while he knows is in Paradise." Al-Sadiq (as) also said: "Judgment is of two kinds: the judgment of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, and the judgment of the people of ignorance. Whoever deviates from the judgment of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has judged by the judgment of the people of ignorance. And whoever judges for two dirhams contrary to what Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has revealed has indeed disbelieved in Allah (swt), the Exalted."

3222 - رَوَى سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "اِتَّقُوا اَلْحُكُومَةَ فَإِنَّ اَلْحُكُومَةَ إِنَّمَا هِيَ لِلْإِمَامِ اَلْعَالِمِ بِالْقَضَاءِ اَلْعَادِلِ فِي اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ كَنَبِيٍّ أَوْ وَصِيِّ نَبِيٍّ".

Hadith.3222 - Sulayman ibn Khalid narrated from Abu Abdillah (as) who said: "Beware of judging, for judgment is only for an Imam who is knowledgeable in judicial matters and just among the Muslims, like a prophet or the executor of a prophet."