Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

3443 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِثَلاَثَةِ مَمَالِيكَ لَهُ أَنْتُمْ أَحْرَارٌ وَ كَانَ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ اَلنَّاسِ أَعْتَقْتَ مَمَالِيكَكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ أَ يَجِبُ عِتْقُ اَلْأَرْبَعَةِ حِينَ أَجْمَلَهُمْ أَوْ هُوَ لِلثَّلاَثَةِ اَلَّذِينَ أَعْتَقَ قَالَ "إِنَّمَا يَجِبُ اَلْعِتْقُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ".

Hadith.3443 - It is narrated from Sama'ah, who said: I asked him about a man who said to three of his slaves, "You are free," while he actually had four slaves. Then someone said to him: "You have freed all your slaves." He replied: "Yes." I asked: "Is the emancipation binding for all four because he generalized them, or is it limited to the three whom he specifically mentioned?" Imam (as) said: "Emancipation is binding only for those he specifically freed."

3444 - وَ رَوَى حَمَّادٌ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ زَوَّجَ أَمَتَهُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ وَ شَرَطَ لَهُ أَنَّ مَا وَلَدَتْ مِنْ وَلَدٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ فَطَلَّقَهَا زَوْجُهَا أَوْ مَاتَ عَنْهَا فَزَوَّجَهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ مَا مَنْزِلَةُ وَلَدِهَا قَالَ "بِمَنْزِلَتِهَا إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ ذَلِكَ لِلْأَوَّلِ وَ هُوَ فِي اَلْآخَرِ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ أَعْتَقَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَمْسَكَ".

Hadith.3444 - Hammad narrated from al-Halabi, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who married his bondwoman to another man and stipulated that any child she bore would be free. Then her husband either divorced her or died, and she was married to another man. I asked: "What is the status of her child in this case?" Imam (as) said: "The child is regarded like her. That condition applied only to the first husband. As for the second husband, he has the option-if he wishes, he may free the child, and if he wishes, he may keep the child as a slave."

3445 - وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ : "لاَ طَلاَقَ قَبْلَ نِكَاحٍ وَ لاَ عِتْقَ قَبْلَ مِلْكٍ".

Hadith.3445 - The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, said: "There is no divorce before marriage, and there is no emancipation before ownership."

3446 - وَ سَأَلَهُ عَبْدُ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ : عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِغُلاَمِهِ أُعْتِقُكَ عَلَى أَنْ أُزَوِّجَكَ جَارِيَتِي هَذِهِ فَإِنْ نَكَحْتَ عَلَيْهَا أَوْ تَسَرَّيْتَ فَعَلَيْكَ مِائَةُ دِينَارٍ فَأَعْتَقَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَنَكَحَ أَوْ تَسَرَّى أَ عَلَيْهِ مِائَةُ دِينَارٍ وَ يَجُوزُ شَرْطُهُ قَالَ "يَجُوزُ عَلَيْهِ شَرْطُهُ".

Hadith.3446 - Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdullah asked him about a man who said to his slave, "I will free you on the condition that I marry you to this bondwoman of mine. However, if you marry another woman or take another concubine, you will be liable for one hundred dinars." Then he freed him based on this condition, and the slave either married another woman or took another concubine. Abd al-Rahman asked: "Is he liable for the one hundred dinars, and is his condition valid?" Imam (as) said: "His condition is valid, and he is liable for it."

3447 - وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ مَمْلُوكَهُ عَلَى أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهُ اِبْنَتَهُ وَ شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ تَزَوَّجَ أَوْ تَسَرَّى عَلَيْهَا فَعَلَيْهِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا قَالَ "يَجُوزُ".

Hadith.3447 - Abu Abdullah (as), was asked about a man who freed his slave on the condition that he marries his daughter and stipulated that if he marries another woman or takes another concubine, he would be liable for a specific amount. Imam (as) said: "It is permissible."

3448 - وَ سَأَلَهُ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ : عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ جَارِيَتَهُ وَ شَرَطَ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَخْدُمَهُ خَمْسَ سِنِينَ فَأَبَقَتْ ثُمَّ مَاتَ اَلرَّجُلُ فَوَجَدَهَا وَرَثَتُهُ أَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَسْتَخْدِمُوهَا قَالَ "لاَ".

Hadith.3448 - Ya'qub ibn Shu'ayb asked him about a man who freed his bondwoman on the condition that she serves him for five years. However, she ran away, and then the man died. Ya'qub asked: "If his heirs find her, do they have the right to make her serve them?" Imam (as) said: "No."

3449 - وَ رَوَى جَمِيلٌ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ عَبْداً لَهُ مَالٌ لِمَنْ مَالُ اَلْعَبْدِ قَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ عَلِمَ أَنَّ لَهُ مَالاً تَبِعَهُ مَالُهُ وَ إِلاَّ فَهُوَ لِلْمُعْتِقِ" وَ فِي رَجُلٍ بَاعَ مَمْلُوكاً وَ لَهُ مَالٌ قَالَ "إِنْ عَلِمَ مَوْلاَهُ اَلَّذِي بَاعَهُ أَنَّ لَهُ مَالاً فَالْمَالُ لِلْمُشْتَرِي وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَعْلَمِ اَلْبَائِعُ فَالْمَالُ لِلْبَائِعِ".

Hadith.3449 - Jamil narrated from Zurarah, from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) and Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), regarding a man who freed a slave that had wealth. The Imams (as) said: "If he knew that the slave had wealth, then the wealth belongs to the freed slave. But if he did not know, then the wealth belongs to the one who emancipated him." And regarding a man who sold a slave that had wealth, the Imams (as) said: "If the seller knew that the slave had wealth, then the wealth belongs to the buyer. But if the seller did not know, then the wealth belongs to the seller."

3450 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "إِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ مَمْلُوكٌ فَأَعْتَقَهُ وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ لَهُ مَالاً وَ لَمْ يَكُنِ اِسْتَثْنَى اَلسَّيِّدُ اَلْمَالَ حِينَ أَعْتَقَهُ فَهُوَ لِلْعَبْدِ".

Hadith.3450 - Ibn Bukayr narrated from Zurarah, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: "If a man has a slave and frees him, knowing that the slave has wealth, and the master did not exclude the wealth at the time of freeing him, then the wealth belongs to the slave."

3451 - وَ سَأَلَهُ عَبْدُ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ : عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ عَبْداً لَهُ وَ لِلْعَبْدِ مَالٌ فَتُوُفِّيَ اَلَّذِي أَعْتَقَ اَلْعَبْدَ لِمَنْ يَكُونُ مَالُ اَلْعَبْدِ أَ يَكُونُ لِلَّذِي أَعْتَقَ اَلْعَبْدَ أَوْ لِلْعَبْدِ قَالَ "إِذَا أَعْتَقَهُ وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ لَهُ مَالاً فَمَالُهُ لَهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ فَمَالُهُ لِوُلْدِ سَيِّدِهِ".

Hadith.3451 - Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdullah asked him about a man who freed his slave, and the slave had wealth. Then the man who freed the slave passed away. Abd al-Rahman asked: "To whom does the wealth of the slave belong? Does it go to the one who freed the slave, or does it belong to the slave?" Imam (as) said: "If he freed him knowing that the slave had wealth, then the wealth belongs to the slave. But if he did not know, then the wealth belongs to the children of his master."

3452 - وَ رَوَى جَمِيلٌ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ مَمْلُوكَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ قَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ قِيمَةُ اَلْعَبْدِ مِثْلَ اَلَّذِي عَلَيْهِ وَ مِثْلَهُ جَازَ عِتْقُهُ وَ إِلاَّ لَمْ يَجُزْ".

Hadith.3452 - Jamil narrated from Zurarah, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who freed his slave at the time of his death while he was in debt. Imam (as) said: "If the value of the slave equals the amount of his debt or more, the emancipation is valid. Otherwise, it is not valid."