Book of Livelihood
Chapter on Oaths, Vows, and Expiations
وَ رَوَى حَنَانُ بْنُ سَدِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "كُلُّ ذَنْبٍ يُكَفِّرُهُ اَلْقَتْلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اَللَّهِ إِلاَّ اَلدَّيْنَ لاَ كَفَّارَةَ لَهُ إِلاَّ اَلْأَدَاءُ أَوْ يُرْضَى صَاحِبُهُ أَوْ يَعْفُوَ اَلَّذِي لَهُ اَلْحَقُّ".
Hanan ibn Sadir narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) that he said: "Every sin is expiated by being killed in the way of Allah (swt), except for debt, there is no expiation for it except its repayment, the satisfaction of the creditor, or forgiveness by the one to whom the right belongs."
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ قَالَ: كَانَتْ عِنْدِي جَارِيَةٌ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَارْتَفَعَ طَمْثُهَا فَجَعَلْتُ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيَّ نَذْراً إِنْ هِيَ حَاضَتْ فَعَلِمْتُ بَعْدُ أَنَّهَا حَاضَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَجْعَلَ اَلنَّذْرَ عَلَيَّ فَكَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ أَنَا بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَأَجَابَنِي "إِنْ كَانَتْ حَاضَتْ قَبْلَ اَلنَّذْرِ فَلاَ نَذْرَ عَلَيْكَ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ حَاضَتْ بَعْدَ اَلنَّذْرِ فَعَلَيْكَ ".
Jamil ibn Salih narrated that he had a female slave in Medina whose menstruation had stopped. He made a vow to Allah (swt), the Almighty and Glorious, that if she began to menstruate, he would fulfill a certain obligation. Later, he learned that she had already menstruated before he made the vow. He wrote to Abu Abdillah (a.s) while he was in Medina, asking for guidance. Abu Abdillah (a.s) replied: "If she had menstruated before the vow, then there is no obligation upon you. However, if she menstruated after the vow, then the vow is binding upon you."
وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "كَفَّارَاتُ اَلْمَجَالِسِ أَنْ تَقُولَ عِنْدَ قِيَامِكَ مِنْهَا: سُبْحٰانَ رَبِّكَ رَبِّ اَلْعِزَّةِ عَمّٰا يَصِفُونَ وَ سَلاٰمٌ عَلَى اَلْمُرْسَلِينَ وَ اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ رَبِّ اَلْعٰالَمِينَ "
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "The expiation for gatherings is to say upon leaving them: 'Glory be to your Lord (azj), the Lord (azj) of Honor, above what they describe. And peace be upon the messengers. And all praise is due to Allah (swt), the Lord (azj) of the worlds.' (Surah As-Saffat 37:180-182)."
