Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

4856 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عُلْوَانَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ قَذَفَ اِمْرَأَتَهُ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَجَاءَ وَ قَدْ تُوُفِّيَتْ قَالَ "يَخِيرُ وَاحِداً مِنِ اِثْنَيْنِ يُقَالُ لَهُ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَلْزَمْتَ نَفْسَكَ اَلذَّنْبَ فَيُقَامُ فِيكَ اَلْحَدُّ وَ تُعْطَى اَلْمِيرَاثَ وَ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَقْرَرْتَ فَلاَعَنْتَ أَدْنَى قَرَابَتِهَا إِلَيْهَا وَ لاَ مِيرَاثَ لَكَ ".

Hadith.4856 - Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub narrated from Muhammad ibn Isa, from Al-Husayn ibn Alwan, from Amr ibn Khalid, from Zayd ibn Ali (as) regarding a man who accused his wife of adultery and then left, only to return and find that she had passed away. Zayd (as) said: "He is given a choice between two options. It is said to him: 'If you wish, you can accept the blame upon yourself, in which case the prescribed punishment (ḥadd) will be carried out on you, and you will be entitled to her inheritance. However, if you choose to admit to your accusation, you must perform liʿan (mutual cursing) with her closest living relative, and in that case, you will not inherit from her.'"

4857 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ اَلْكُوفِيُّ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَيْفٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ اَلثَّانِي عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ كَيْفَ صَارَ اَلرَّجُلُ إِذَا قَذَفَ اِمْرَأَتَهُ كَانَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ أَرْبَعَ "شَهٰادٰاتٍ بِاللّٰهِ" فَإِذَا قَذَفَهَا غَيْرُهُ أَبٌ أَوْ أَخٌ أَوْ وَلَدٌ أَوْ غَرِيبٌ جُلِدَ اَلْحَدَّ أَوْ يُقِيمَ اَلْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى مَا قَالَ فَقَالَ "قَدْ سُئِلَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ "إِنَّ اَلزَّوْجَ إِذَا قَذَفَ اِمْرَأَتَهُ فَقَالَ رَأَيْتُ ذَلِكَ بِعَيْنِي كَانَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ أَرْبَعَ "شَهٰادٰاتٍ بِاللّٰهِ" " وَ إِذَا قَالَ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَرَهُ قِيلَ لَهُ أَقِمِ اَلْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى مَا قُلْتَهُ وَ إِلاَّ كَانَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ غَيْرِهِ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ جَعَلَ لِلزَّوْجِ مَدْخَلاً يَدْخُلُهُ لَمْ يَجْعَلْهُ لِغَيْرِهِ مِنْ وَالِدٍ وَ لاَ وَلَدٍ وَ يَدْخُلُهُ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ اَلنَّهَارِ فَجَازَ أَنْ يَقُولَ رَأَيْتُ وَ لَوْ قَالَ غَيْرُهُ رَأَيْتُ قِيلَ لَهُ وَ مَا أَدْخَلَكَ اَلْمَدْخَلَ اَلَّذِي تَرَى هَذَا فِيهِ وَحْدَكَ أَنْتَ مُتَّهَمٌ وَ لاَ بُدَّ مِنْ أَنْ يُقَامَ عَلَيْكَ اَلْحَدُّ اَلَّذِي أَوْجَبَهُ اَللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ".

Hadith.4857 - Al-Hasan ibn Ali Al-Kufi narrated from Al-Husayn ibn Saif, from Muhammad ibn Sulayman, from Abu Ja'far Al-Thani (as), who said: I asked him: "May I be sacrificed for you, why is it that when a man accuses his wife of adultery, his testimony consists of four oaths by Allah (swt), but if someone else, such as a father, brother, son, or even a stranger - accuses her, he is subjected to the ḥadd punishment unless he provides clear evidence for his claim?" Imam (as) replied: " Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked the same question and said: 'If a husband accuses his wife and claims, "I saw it with my own eyes," his testimony is four oaths by Allah (swt). However, if he says he did not see it himself, he is told to bring evidence for his claim, and if he fails, he is treated like anyone else.' This is because Allah (swt), the Almighty, has given the husband a special access to his wife that no one else has-neither a father, a son, nor anyone else. He has access to her day and night, so it is valid for him to say, 'I saw.' But if anyone else were to say, 'I saw,' it would be said to him, 'How did you have access to such a place to witness this alone? You are under suspicion and must be subjected to the ḥadd punishment that Allah (swt) has prescribed for you.'"

4858 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ اَلْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ: إِنَّ عَبَّادَ اَلْبَصْرِيِّ سَأَلَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ أَنَا عِنْدَهُ حَاضِرٌ كَيْفَ يُلاَعِنُ اَلرَّجُلُ اَلْمَرْأَةَ فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "إِنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ أَتَى رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلاً دَخَلَ مَنْزِلَهُ فَرَأَى مَعَ اِمْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً يُجَامِعُهَا مَا كَانَ يَصْنَعُ فِيهِمَا" قَالَ "فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَانْصَرَفَ اَلرَّجُلُ وَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ اَلرَّجُلُ هُوَ اَلَّذِي اُبْتُلِيَ بِذَلِكَ مِنِ اِمْرَأَتِهِ" قَالَ "فَنَزَلَ اَلْوَحْيُ مِنْ عِنْدِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِالْحُكْمِ فِيهِمَا" قَالَ "فَأَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ إِلَى ذَلِكَ اَلرَّجُلِ فَدَعَاهُ فَقَالَ "أَنْتَ اَلَّذِي رَأَيْتَ مَعَ اِمْرَأَتِكَ رَجُلاً" فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ لَهُ "اِنْطَلِقْ فَأْتِنِي بِامْرَأَتِكَ فَإِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اَلْحُكْمَ فِيكَ وَ فِيهَا" " قَالَ "فَأَحْضَرَهَا زَوْجُهَا فَوَقَّفَهَا رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ قَالَ لِلزَّوْجِ "اِشْهَدْ أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّكَ لَمِنَ اَلصَّادِقِينَ فِيمَا رَمَيْتَهَا بِهِ" " قَالَ "فَشَهِدَ" قَالَ "ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ "أَمْسِكْ" وَ وَعَظَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ "اِتَّقِ اَللَّهَ فَإِنَّ لَعْنَةَ اَللَّهِ شَدِيدَةٌ" ثُمَّ قَالَ "اِشْهَدِ اَلْخَامِسَةَ أَنَّ لَعْنَةَ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ مِنَ اَلْكَاذِبِينَ" " قَالَ "فَشَهِدَ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَنُحِّيَ ثُمَّ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لِلْمَرْأَةِ "اِشْهَدِي أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّ زَوْجَكِ لَمِنَ اَلْكَاذِبِينَ فِيمَا رَمَاكِ بِهِ" " قَالَ "فَشَهِدَتْ" قَالَ "ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا "أَمْسِكِي" وَ وَعَظَهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا "اِتَّقِي اَللَّهَ فَإِنَّ غَضَبَ اَللَّهِ شَدِيدٌ" ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهَا "اِشْهَدِي اَلْخَامِسَةَ أَنَّ غَضَبَ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْكِ إِنْ كَانَ زَوْجُكِ مِنَ اَلصَّادِقِينَ فِيمَا رَمَاكِ بِهِ" " قَالَ "فَشَهِدَتْ" قَالَ "فَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ قَالَ لَهُمَا "لاَ تَجْتَمِعَا بِنِكَاحٍ أَبَداً بَعْدَ مَا تَلاَعَنْتُمَا" ".

Hadith.4858 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdul Rahman ibn Al-Hajjaj who said: Abbad Al-Basri asked Abu Abdullah (as), while I was present with him, "How does a man invoke the mutual imprecation (li'an) against his wife?" Imam (as) replied: "A man from among the Muslims came to the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) and said: 'O Messenger of Allah (swt), what do you say about a man who enters his house and finds another man with his wife, engaged in intercourse, what should he do about them?' The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) turned away from him, and the man left. That man was, in fact, the one who had been afflicted with this situation concerning his wife. Then, revelation descended from Allah (swt), the Almighty, with the ruling regarding their case. The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) sent for the man and called him. He (sw) said to him: 'Are you the one who saw a man with your wife?' He replied: 'Yes.' The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) then said: 'Go and bring your wife to me, for Allah (swt), the Almighty, has revealed the ruling concerning you and her.'" The husband brought his wife, and the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) had her stand before him (sw). The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said to the husband: "Bear witness four times by Allah (swt) that you are among the truthful in what you have accused her of." The man testified accordingly. Then the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Pause," and He (sw) admonished him, saying, "Fear Allah (swt), for the curse of Allah (swt) is severe." He (sw) then instructed him: "Now bear witness the fifth time that the curse of Allah (swt) is upon you if you are among the liars." The man testified the fifth time. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) then ordered that the man be set aside and turned to the woman, saying: "Bear witness four times by Allah (swt) that your husband is among the liars in what he has accused you of." She testified accordingly. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) then said: "Pause," and He (sw) admonished her, saying, "Fear Allah (swt), for the anger of Allah (swt) is severe." He (sw) then told her: "Now bear witness the fifth time that the anger of Allah (swt) is upon you if your husband is among the truthful in what he has accused you of." She testified the fifth time. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) then separated them and said: "You two can never be joined together in marriage again after you have both engaged in liʿan."

4859 - رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "طَلاَقُ اَلْعَبْدِ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ اِمْرَأَةً حُرَّةً أَوْ تَزَوَّجَ وَلِيدَةَ قَوْمٍ آخَرِينَ إِلَى اَلْعَبْدِ وَ إِنْ تَزَوَّجَ وَلِيدَةَ مَوْلاَهُ كَانَ لَهُ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا أَوْ يَجْمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا إِنْ شَاءَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ نَزَعَهَا مِنْهُ بِغَيْرِ طَلاَقٍ".

Hadith.4859 - Muhammad ibn Al-Fudayl narrated from Abu Al-Hasan (as), who said: "The divorce of a slave who marries a free woman or marries a bondwoman belonging to another people is in the hands of the slave himself. However, if he marries a bondwoman owned by his master, the master has the authority to either separate them or keep them together if he wishes. Additionally, if he wants, he can take her away from him without the need for a formal divorce."

4860 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالاَ: "اَلْمَمْلُوكُ لاَ يَجُوزُ طَلاَقُهُ وَ لاَ نِكَاحُهُ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِ سَيِّدِهِ " قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ اَلسَّيِّدَ كَانَ زَوَّجَهُ بِيَدِ مَنِ اَلطَّلاَقُ قَالَ "بِيَدِ اَلسَّيِّدِ: ۝ ضَرَبَ اَللّٰهُ مَثَلاً عَبْداً مَمْلُوكاً لاٰ يَقْدِرُ عَلىٰ شَيْءٍ ۝ وَ اَلشَّيْءُ اَلطَّلاَقُ ".

Hadith.4860 - Ibn Udhaynah narrated from Zurarah, from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) and Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), who both said: "A slave cannot validly perform a divorce or marriage except with the permission of his master." I asked: "If the master himself arranged his marriage, who then has the authority over the divorce?" They (as) replied: "The authority over the divorce remains with the master, as Allah (swt) has set forth the example: 'Allah sets forth a parable: a slave who is owned and has no power over anything...' (Surah An-Nahl 16:75) and 'anything' here refers to divorce."

4861 - وَ رَوَى اَلْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْجَوْهَرِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَنْكَحَ أَمَتَهُ حُرّاً أَوْ عَبْدَ قَوْمٍ آخَرِينَ قَالَ "لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَنْزِعَهَا مِنْهُ فَإِنْ بَاعَهَا فَشَاءَ اَلَّذِي اِشْتَرَاهَا أَنْ يَنْزِعَهَا مِنْ زَوْجِهَا فَعَلَ".

Hadith.4861 - Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad Al-Jawhari narrated from Ali ibn Abi Ḥamzah, from Abu Baṣir, from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), who said: I asked him about a man who marries off his bondwoman (amah) to a free man or to a slave belonging to another group of people. Imam (as) replied: "The master does not have the right to take her back from her husband. However, if he sells her and the one who purchases her wishes to separate her from her husband, he is permitted to do so."

4862 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ مَمْلُوكٍ تَزَوَّجَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ سَيِّدِهِ فَقَالَ "ذَلِكَ إِلَى اَلسَّيِّدِ إِنْ شَاءَ أَجَازَهُ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا " فَقُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اَللَّهُ إِنَّ اَلْحَكَمَ بْنَ عُتَيْبَةَ وَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ اَلنَّخَعِيَّ وَ أَصْحَابَهُمَا يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ أَصْلَ اَلنِّكَاحِ فَاسِدٌ فَلاَ تُحِلُّ إِجَازَةُ اَلسَّيِّدِ لَهُ فَقَالَ "إِنَّمَا عَصَى سَيِّدَهُ وَ لَمْ يَعْصِ اَللَّهَ فَإِذَا أَجَازَهُ لَهُ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ".

Hadith.4862 - Ibn Bukayr narrated from Zurarah, who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a slave who married without the permission of his master. Imam (as) replied: "This matter is up to the master. If he wishes, he can approve the marriage, and if he wishes, he can separate them." I said: "May Allah (swt) rectify your affairs! Al-Ḥakam ibn ʿUtaybah, Ibrahim al-Nakhaʿi, and their companions say that the marriage is invalid from the outset, and the master's approval does not make it lawful." Imam (as) responded: "He only disobeyed his master but did not disobey Allah (swt). Therefore, if the master approves it, the marriage becomes valid."

4863 - وَ رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ إِذَا كَانَتِ اَلْحُرَّةُ تَحْتَ اَلْعَبْدِ كَمْ يُطَلِّقُهَا فَقَالَ "قَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "اَلطَّلاَقُ وَ اَلْعِدَّةُ بِالنِّسَاءِ " ".

Hadith.4863 - Ḥammad ibn ʿIsa narrated from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: I asked him, "If a free woman is married to a slave, how many divorces can he pronounce against her?" He (as) replied: "Ali (as) said: 'Divorce and the waiting period (ʿiddah) are determined according to the status of the women.'"

4864 - وَ رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "طَلاَقُ اَلْحُرَّةِ إِذَا كَانَتْ تَحْتَ اَلْعَبْدِ ثَلاَثُ تَطْلِيقَاتٍ وَ طَلاَقُ اَلْأَمَةِ إِذَا كَانَتْ تَحْتَ اَلْحُرِّ تَطْلِيقَتَانِ".

Hadith.4864 - Ḥammad ibn ʿUthman narrated from Al-Ḥalabi, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: "The divorce of a free woman when she is married to a slave is three divorces, and the divorce of a bondwoman when she is married to a free man is two divorces."

4865 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي اَلصَّبَّاحِ اَلْكِنَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِذَا كَانَ اَلرَّجُلُ حُرّاً وَ اِمْرَأَتُهُ أَمَةً فَطَلاَقُهَا تَطْلِيقَتَانِ وَ إِذَا كَانَ اَلرَّجُلُ عَبْداً وَ هِيَ حُرَّةً فَطَلاَقُهَا ثَلاَثُ تَطْلِيقَاتٍ".

Hadith.4865 - Muḥammad ibn Al-Fuḍayl narrated from Abu Al-Ṣabbaḥ Al-Kinani, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: "If a man is free and his wife is a bondwoman, her divorce is two pronouncements. But if the man is a slave and his wife is a free woman, her divorce is three pronouncements."