Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

4866 - وَ رَوَى فَضَالَةُ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ بُرَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِذَا طَلَّقَ اَلْحُرُّ اَلْمَمْلُوكَةَ فَاعْتَدَّتْ بَعْضَ عِدَّتِهَا مِنْهُ ثُمَّ أُعْتِقَتْ فَإِنَّهَا تَعْتَدُّ عِدَّةَ اَلْمَمْلُوكَةِ".

Hadith.4866 - Faḍalah narrated from Al-Qasim ibn Burayd, from Muḥammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: "If a free man divorces a bondwoman and she completes part of her waiting period (ʿiddah) while still a slave and then she is freed, she must complete the waiting period according to the rules of a bondwoman."

4867 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "عِدَّةُ اَلْأَمَةِ اَلَّتِي لاَ تَحِيضُ خَمْسٌ وَ أَرْبَعُونَ لَيْلَةً".

Hadith.4867 - In the narration of Samaʿah from Abu Abdullah (as), he said: "The waiting period (ʿiddah) of a bondwoman who does not menstruate is forty-five nights."

4868 - وَ رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "طَلاَقُ اَلْأَمَةِ بَيْعُهَا أَوْ بَيْعُ زَوْجِهَا" وَ قَالَ فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يُزَوِّجُ أَمَتَهُ رَجُلاً حُرّاً ثُمَّ يَبِيعُهَا قَالَ "هُوَ فِرَاقُ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشَاءَ اَلْمُشْتَرِي أَنْ يَدَعَهُمَا".

Hadith.4868 - Al-ʿAlaʾ narrated from Muḥammad ibn Muslim from one of the two Imams (peace be upon them), who said: "The divorce of a bondwoman is through her sale or the sale of her husband." Imam (as) also said regarding a man who marries his bondwoman to a free man and then sells her: "This constitutes separation between them unless the buyer wishes to let them remain together."

4869 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي اَلصَّبَّاحِ اَلْكِنَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِذَا بِيعَتِ اَلْأَمَةُ وَ لَهَا زَوْجٌ فَالَّذِي اِشْتَرَاهَا بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهَا مَعَهُ فَإِنْ هُوَ تَرَكَهَا مَعَهُ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَعْدَ مَا رَضِيَ " قَالَ "وَ إِنْ بِيعَ اَلْعَبْدُ فَإِنْ شَاءَ مَوْلاَهُ اَلَّذِي اِشْتَرَاهُ أَنْ يَصْنَعَ مِثْلَ اَلَّذِي صَنَعَ صَاحِبُ اَلْجَارِيَةِ فَذَلِكَ لَهُ وَ إِنْ هُوَ سَلَّمَ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَعْدَ مَا سَلَّمَ ".

Hadith.4869 - Muḥammad ibn Al-Fuḍayl narrated from Abu Al-Ṣabbaḥ Al-Kinani, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: "If a bondwoman is sold while she has a husband, the buyer has the choice-if he wishes, he may separate them, and if he wishes, he may leave her with her husband. However, if he chooses to leave her with him, he can no longer separate them after agreeing to that." Imam (as) further said: "If a male slave is sold, then his new master has the same choice as the buyer of the bondwoman. But if the master consents to leave them together, he cannot separate them after that consent."

4870 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ أَبٌ مَمْلُوكٌ وَ كَانَتْ لِأَبِيهِ اِمْرَأَةٌ مُكَاتَبَةٌ قَدْ أَدَّتْ بَعْضَ مَا عَلَيْهَا فَقَالَ لَهَا اِبْنُ اَلْعَبْدِ هَلْ لَكِ أَنْ أُعِينَكِ عَلَى مُكَاتَبَتِكِ حَتَّى تُؤَدِّيَ مَا عَلَيْكِ بِشَرْطِ أَنْ لاَ يَكُونَ لَكِ اَلْخِيَارُ عَلَى أَبِي إِذَا أَنْتِ مَلَكْتِ نَفْسَكِ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ فَأَعْطَاهَا لِمُكَاتَبَتِهَا أَ يَكُونُ لَهَا اَلْخِيَارُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ "لاَ يَكُونُ لَهَا اَلْخِيَارُ اَلْمُسْلِمُونَ عِنْدَ شُرُوطِهِمْ ".

Hadith.4870 - Al-Ḥasan ibn Maḥbub narrated from Malik ibn ʿAṭiyyah, from Sulayman ibn Khalid, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man whose father was a slave and whose father had a wife who was a mukatabah (a bondwoman under a contract for her freedom) and had already paid part of what she owed. The son of the slave said to her: "Would you like me to help you complete your manumission payment so that you can fulfill what you owe, on the condition that you will not have the option to separate from my father once you gain your freedom?" She agreed, and he gave her the amount for her manumission. I asked: "Would she still have the choice to leave his father after that?" Imam (as) replied: "No, she does not have the option. Muslims are bound by their conditions."

4871 - وَ رَوَى حَمَّادٌ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِذَا كَانَ اَلْعَبْدُ تَحْتَهُ أَمَةٌ فَطَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً ثُمَّ أُعْتِقَا جَمِيعاً كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ عَلَى تَطْلِيقَةٍ".

Hadith.4871 - Ḥammad narrated from al-Ḥalabi, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: "If a slave man had a bondwoman as his wife and he divorced her once, and then both of them were freed, she would remain with him on the basis of that one divorce."

4872 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي أَمَةٍ طُلِّقَتْ ثُمَّ أُعْتِقَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا فَقَالَ "تَعْتَدُّ بِثَلاَثِ حِيَضٍ فَإِنْ مَاتَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا ثُمَّ أُعْتِقَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا فَإِنَّ عِدَّتَهَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشَرَةُ أَيَّامٍ".

Hadith.4872 - Ibn Abi ʿUmayr narrated from Jamil, from Hisham ibn Salim, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a bondwoman who was divorced and then freed before her waiting period (ʿiddah) had ended. Imam (as) said: "She must complete the waiting period of three menstrual cycles. However, if her husband died and she was then freed before her waiting period ended, her ʿiddah would be four months and ten days."

4873 - وَ رَوَى حَرِيزُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْمَمْلُوكَةِ تَكُونُ تَحْتَ اَلْعَبْدِ ثُمَّ تُعْتَقُ قَالَ "تُخَيَّرُ فَإِنْ شَاءَتْ أَقَامَتْ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَتْ بَانَتْ".

Hadith.4873 - Ḥariz ibn ʿAbdillah narrated from Muḥammad ibn Muslim who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a bondwoman who was married to a slave man and then she was freed. Imam (as) said: "She has the choice; if she wishes, she may remain with her husband, and if she wishes, she may separate from him."

4874 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "قَضَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي سُرِّيَّةٍ لِرَجُلٍ وَلَدَتْ لِسَيِّدِهَا ثُمَّ أَنْكَحَهَا عَبْدَهُ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ سَيِّدُهَا فَأَعْتَقَهَا فَتَزَوَّجَهَا فَوَرِثَهُ وَلَدُهَا ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ وَلَدُهَا فَوَرِثَتْ زَوْجَهَا اَلْعَبْدَ فَجَاءَا يَخْتَصِمَانِ فَقَالَ هِيَ اِمْرَأَتِي لَسْتُ أُطَلِّقُهَا وَ قَالَتْ هُوَ عَبْدِي لَمْ يُجَامِعْنِي فَسُئِلَتْ "هَلْ جَامَعَكِ مُنْذُ كَانَ لَكِ عَبْداً" فَقَالَتْ لاَ فَقَالَ "لَوْ جَامَعَكِ مُنْذُ كَانَ لَكِ عَبْداً لَأَوْجَعْتُكِ اِذْهَبِي فَهُوَ عَبْدُكِ لَيْسَ لَهُ عَلَيْكِ سَبِيلٌ تَبِيعِينَ إِنْ شِئْتِ وَ تُرِقِّينَ إِنْ شِئْتِ وَ تُعْتِقِينَ إِنْ شِئْتِ" ".

Hadith.4874 - Muḥammad ibn Qays narrated from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) who said: "The Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled concerning a concubine of a man who bore a child for her master. The master then married her to his slave. Later, the master passed away and freed her. She then married the slave, and when he died, her child inherited from him. Then the child passed away, and she inherited her husband, the slave. They both came to dispute, with the man saying, 'She is my wife, and I will not divorce her,' while the woman said: 'He is my slave, and he has not been intimate with me.' She was asked: 'Did he have intercourse with you since he became your slave?' She replied: 'No.' Imam (as) said: 'Had he been intimate with you after becoming your slave, I would have punished you. Go, for he is your slave; he has no right over you. You may sell him if you wish, enslave him if you wish, or free him if you wish.'"

4889 - رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لاِمْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ مِنِّي خَلِيَّةٌ أَوْ بَرِيئَةٌ أَوْ بَتَّةٌ أَوْ بَائِنٌ أَوْ حَرَامٌ فَقَالَ "لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ".

Hadith.4889 - Hammad ibn Uthman narrated from Al-Halabi who narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) that Imam (as) was asked about a man who said to his wife, "You are free from me," or "You are absolved," or "You are finalized," or "You are separated," or "You are forbidden." Imam (as) replied: "It amounts to nothing."