Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

3294 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنِ اَلصَّادِقِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "شَهَادَةُ اَلصِّبْيَانِ جَائِزَةٌ بَيْنَهُمْ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقُوا أَوْ يَرْجِعُوا إِلَى أَهْلِيهِمْ ".

Hadith.3294 - And it was narrated from Talhah ibn Zayd, from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), from his father Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), from his forefathers, from Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), who said: "The testimony of children is valid among them as long as they have not dispersed or returned to their families."

3295 - وَ رَوَى إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنِ اَلصَّادِقِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "أَنَّ شَهَادَةَ اَلصِّبْيَانِ إِذَا شَهِدُوا وَ هُمْ صِغَارٌ جَازَتْ إِذَا كَبِرُوا مَا لَمْ يَنْسَوْهَا وَ كَذَلِكَ اَلْيَهُودُ وَ اَلنَّصَارَى إِذَا أَسْلَمُوا جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُمْ وَ اَلْعَبْدُ إِذَا أُشْهِدَ عَلَى شَهَادَةٍ ثُمَّ أُعْتِقَ جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ إِذَا لَمْ يَرُدَّهَا اَلْحَاكِمُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُعْتَقَ" وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "إِنْ أُعْتِقَ اَلْعَبْدُ لِمَوْضِعِ اَلشَّهَادَةِ لَمْ تَجُزْ شَهَادَتُهُ".

Hadith.3295 - And it was narrated by Isma'il ibn Muslim, from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), from his father Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), from his forefathers, from Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), who said: "The testimony of children, if they testified while they were young, is valid when they grow older as long as they have not forgotten it. Likewise, the testimony of Jews and Christians, if they embrace Islam, is valid. Also, the testimony of a slave, if he was made to testify and then was freed, is valid as long as the judge did not reject it before his emancipation." And Imam (as) said: "If the slave was freed specifically for the purpose of testimony, his testimony is not valid."

3296 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ اَلْمَمْلُوكِ مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلْقِبْلَةِ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلْكِتَابِ ".

Hadith.3296 - And it was narrated by Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub, from Al-Ala', from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: "The testimony of a slave from the people of the Qiblah (Muslims) is valid against the People of the Book (Jews and Christians)."

3297 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ بْنِ سَيَابَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "لاَ تُقْبَلُ شَهَادَةُ سَابِقِ اَلْحَاجِّ إِنَّهُ قَتَلَ رَاحِلَتَهُ وَ أَفْنَى زَادَهُ وَ أَتْعَبَ نَفْسَهُ وَ اِسْتَخَفَّ بِصَلاَتِهِ قِيلَ فَالْمُكَارِي وَ اَلْجَمَّالُ وَ اَلْمَلاَّحُ " فَقَالَ "وَ مَا بَأْسٌ بِهِمْ تُقْبَلُ شَهَادَتُهُمْ إِذَا كَانُوا صُلَحَاءَ".

Hadith.3297 - And it was narrated by Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr, from Al-Ala' ibn Sayabah, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said that Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), said: "The testimony of one who hastens ahead of the pilgrims is not accepted, as he has killed his mount, consumed his provisions, exhausted himself, and neglected his prayers." It was asked: "What about the muleteer, the camel driver, and the sailor?" Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in them; their testimony is accepted if they are righteous."

3298 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ طَلَّقَ اِمْرَأَتَهُ وَ أَشْهَدَ شَاهِدَيْنِ نَاصِبِيَّيْنِ قَالَ "كُلُّ مَنْ وُلِدَ عَلَى اَلْفِطْرَةِ وَ عُرِفَ بِالصَّلاَحِ فِي نَفْسِهِ جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ".

Hadith.3298 - And it was narrated from Abdullah ibn Al-Mughirah who said: I asked Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as), about a man who divorced his wife and brought two witnesses who were Nasibis. Imam (as) said: "Everyone who is born upon the natural disposition (Fitrah) and is known for righteousness in himself, his testimony is accepted."

3299 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ هَلْ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ أَهْلِ اَلذِّمَّةِ عَلَى غَيْرِ أَهْلِ مِلَّتِهِمْ قَالَ "نَعَمْ إِنْ لَمْ يُوجَدْ مِنْ أَهْلِ مِلَّتِهِمْ جَازَتْ شَهَادَةُ غَيْرِهِمْ إِنَّهُ لاَ يَصْلُحُ ذَهَابُ حَقِّ أَحَدٍ".

Hadith.3299 - And it was narrated from Ubaydullah ibn Ali Al-Halabi who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as), whether the testimony of the People of the Book (Ahl al-Dhimmah) is valid against those not of their religion. Imam (as) said: "Yes, if witnesses from their own religion cannot be found, then the testimony of others is valid, for it is not right for anyone's rights to be lost."

3300 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ اَلْوَشَّاءُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: ۝ ذَوٰا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ أَوْ آخَرٰانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ ۝ قَالَ "اَللَّذَانِ مِنْكُمْ مُسْلِمَانِ وَ اَللَّذَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلْكِتَابِ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدْ مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلْكِتَابِ فَمِنَ اَلْمَجُوسِ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ قَالَ "سُنُّوا بِهِمْ سُنَّةَ أَهْلِ اَلْكِتَابِ " وَ ذَلِكَ إِذَا مَاتَ اَلرَّجُلُ بِأَرْضِ غُرْبَةٍ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ مُسْلِمَيْنِ يُشْهِدُهُمَا فَرَجُلاَنِ مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلْكِتَابِ ".

Hadith.3300 - And it was narrated by Al-Hasan ibn Ali Al-Washsha' from Ahmad ibn Umar, who said: I asked Imam (as) about the saying of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Majestic: "Two just men from among you or two others from outside you." (Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:106) Imam (as) said: "The two from among you are Muslims, and the two from outside you are from the People of the Book (Ahl al-Kitab). And if none from the People of the Book can be found, then from the Magians, because the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, said: 'Deal with them as you would with the People of the Book.' And this applies if a man dies in a foreign land and cannot find two Muslims to bear witness, then two men from the People of the Book may act as witnesses."

3301 - وَ رَوَى حَمَّادٌ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ : "فِي اَلْمُكَاتَبِ كَانَ اَلنَّاسُ مُدَّةً لاَ يَشْتَرِطُونَ إِنْ عَجَزَ فَهُوَ رَدٌّ فِي اَلرِّقِّ فَهُمُ اَلْيَوْمَ يَشْتَرِطُونَ وَ اَلْمُسْلِمُونَ عِنْدَ شُرُوطِهِمْ وَ يُجْلَدُ فِي اَلْحَدِّ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا أُعْتِقَ مِنْهُ" قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ أُعْتِقَ نِصْفُهُ أَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُ فِي اَلطَّلاَقِ قَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ رَجُلٌ وَ اِمْرَأَةٌ جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ".

Hadith.3301 - And it was narrated by Hammad from Al-Halabi, who said: I heard Abu Abdullah (as), say: "Regarding a mukatab (a slave under a contract of emancipation), there was a time when people did not stipulate that if he failed to fulfill the terms of his contract, he would revert to slavery. But today, they stipulate this condition, and Muslims are bound by their conditions. If a mukatab commits an offense requiring a legal punishment (hudud), he is punished in proportion to the extent to which he has been freed." I asked: "What if half of him has been freed? Does his testimony in matters of divorce count?" Imam (as) said: "If he testifies alongside a man and a woman, his testimony is accepted."

3302 - وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "مَنْ وُلِدَ عَلَى اَلْفِطْرَةِ وَ عُرِفَ بِالصَّلاَحِ فِي نَفْسِهِ جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ".

Hadith.3302 - And it was narrated by Abdullah ibn Al-Mughirah from Abu Al-Hasan Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as), who said: "Whoever is born upon the natural disposition (fitrah) and is known for his righteousness in himself, his testimony is valid."

3303 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ بْنِ سَيَابَةَ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ شَهَادَةِ مَنْ يَلْعَبُ بِالْحَمَامِ قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ إِذَا كَانَ لاَ يُعْرَفُ بِفِسْقٍ" قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ مَنْ قِبَلَنَا يَقُولُونَ قَالَ عُمَرُ هُوَ شَيْطَانٌ فَقَالَ "سُبْحَانَ اَللَّهِ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ قَالَ "إِنَّ اَلْمَلاَئِكَةَ لَتَنْفِرُ عِنْدَ اَلرِّهَانِ وَ تَلْعَنُ صَاحِبَهُ مَا خَلاَ اَلْحَافِرَ وَ اَلْخُفَّ وَ اَلرِّيشَ وَ اَلنَّصْلَ فَإِنَّهَا تَحْضُرُهَا اَلْمَلاَئِكَةُ" وَ قَدْ سَابَقَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ ، أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ وَ أَجْرَى اَلْخَيْلَ".

Hadith.3303 - And it was narrated from Al-Ala ibn Sayabah who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about the testimony of one who plays with pigeons. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm if he is not known for sinfulness." I said: The people around us say that Umar called them to be a 'devil'. Imam (as) replied: "Glory be to Allah (swt)! Do you not know that the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: 'Indeed, the angels flee from gambling and curse its participant, except for activities involving hoofs, claws, feathers, and arrows, for the angels attend such activities.' And the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, raced with Usamah ibn Zayd and ran horses."