Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

3304 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ اَلْحُصَيْنِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ : "أَقِيمُوا اَلشَّهَادَةَ عَلَى اَلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَ اَلْوَلَدِ وَ لاَ تُقِيمُوهَا عَلَى اَلْأَخِ فِي اَلدِّيْنِ اَلضَّيْرَ" قُلْتُ وَ مَا اَلضَّيْرُ قَالَ "إِذَا تَعَدَّى فِيهِ صَاحِبُ اَلْحَقِّ اَلَّذِي يَدَّعِيهِ قِبَلَهُ خِلاَفَ مَا أَمَرَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ رَسُولُهُ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِرَجُلٍ عَلَى آخَرَ دَيْنٌ وَ هُوَ مُعْسِرٌ وَ قَدْ أَمَرَ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِإِنْظَارِهِ حَتَّى يَيْسَرَ فَقَالَ "فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلىٰ مَيْسَرَةٍ" وَ يَسْأَلُكَ أَنْ تُقِيمَ اَلشَّهَادَةَ وَ أَنْتَ تَعْرِفُهُ بِالْعُسْرِ فَلاَ يَحِلُّ لَكَ أَنْ تُقِيمَ اَلشَّهَادَةَ فِي حَالِ اَلْعُسْرِ".

Hadith.3304 - And it was narrated from Dawud ibn Al-Husayn who said: I heard Abu Abdullah (as), say: "Establish testimony against parents and children, but do not establish it against a brother in religion out of harm (al-ḍayr)." I said: What is al-ḍayr? Imam (as) said: "It is when the claimant transgresses in demanding his right contrary to what Allah (swt), the Almighty, and His Messenger (sw) have commanded. An example of this is when one man has a debt upon another who is in hardship, and Allah (swt), the Exalted, has commanded to grant him respite until ease, as He (swt) said: 'then a respite until ease.' (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:280), Yet, he asks you to bear witness against him while you know he is in hardship. It is not permissible for you to establish the testimony during his state of hardship."

3305 - وَ رَوَى مِسْمَعٌ كِرْدِينٌ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي أَرْبَعَةٍ شَهِدُوا عَلَى رَجُلٍ بِالزِّنَا فَرُجِمَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ أَحَدُهُمْ وَ قَالَ شَكَكْتُ فِي شَهَادَتِي قَالَ "عَلَيْهِ اَلدِّيَةُ" قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ قَالَ شَهِدْتُ عَلَيْهِ مُتَعَمِّداً قَالَ "يُقْتَلُ".

Hadith.3305 - And it was narrated by Misma' Kardin from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding four witnesses who testified against a man for adultery, and he was stoned. Then one of them retracted and said: "I doubted my testimony." Imam (as) said: "He must pay the blood money." I said: What if he said: "I testified against him intentionally"? Imam (as) said: "He is to be executed."

3306 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ : "لاَ آخُذُ بِقَوْلِ عَرَّافٍ وَ لاَ قَائِفٍ وَ لاَ لِصٍّ، وَ لاَ أَقْبَلُ شَهَادَةَ اَلْفَاسِقِ إِلاَّ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ ".

Hadith.3306 - And it was narrated by Muhammad bin Qais from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said that the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, used to say: "I do not act upon the statement of a fortune-teller, nor a tracker, nor a thief, and I do not accept the testimony of a transgressor except against himself."

3307 - وَ رَوَى سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ اَلْمِنْقَرِيُّ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : قَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِذَا رَأَيْتُ شَيْئاً فِي يَدَيْ رَجُلٍ أَ يَجُوزُ لِي أَنْ أَشْهَدَ أَنَّهُ لَهُ فَقَالَ "نَعَمْ" قُلْتُ فَلَعَلَّهُ لِغَيْرِهِ قَالَ "وَ مِنْ أَيْنَ جَازَ لَكَ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَهُ وَ يَصِيرَ مِلْكاً لَكَ ثُمَّ تَقُولَ بَعْدَ اَلْمِلْكِ هُوَ لِي وَ تَحْلِفَ عَلَيْهِ وَ لاَ يَجُوزُ لَكَ أَنْ تَنْسُبَهُ إِلَى مَنْ صَارَ مِلْكُهُ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ" ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "لَوْ لَمْ يَجُزْ هَذَا مَا قَامَتْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ سُوقٌ".

Hadith.3307 - And it was narrated by Sulayman bin Dawood Al-Minqari from Hafs bin Ghiyath, who said: A man asked Abu Abdullah (as), "What do you say if I see something in the possession of a man-can I testify that it belongs to him?" Imam (as) replied: "Yes." The man then asked: "But perhaps it belongs to someone else?" Imam (as) said: "Then how is it permissible for you to buy it and for it to become your property, and afterward you claim it as yours and swear upon it, yet it is not permissible for you to attribute it to the one from whom it came into your possession?" Imam (as) said: "If this were not permissible, the marketplace for Muslims would not function."

3308 - وَ رَوَى إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : أَنَّ أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ شَهِدَ عِنْدَهُ رَجُلٌ وَ قَدْ قُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ وَ رِجْلُهُ بِشَهَادَةٍ فَأَجَازَ شَهَادَتَهُ وَ قَدْ كَانَ تَابَ وَ عُرِفَتْ تَوْبَتُهُ.

Hadith.3308 - And it was narrated by Isma'il bin Muslim from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), from his father Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), peace be upon him, that a man who had his hand and foot amputated based on testimony came to testify before Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him. Imam (as) accepted his testimony, as the man had repented, and his repentance was known.

3309 - وَ رَوَى صَفْوَانُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ شَهَادَةِ اَلنِّسَاءِ هَلْ تَجُوزُ فِي نِكَاحٍ أَوْ طَلاَقٍ أَوْ رَجْمٍ قَالَ "تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ اَلنِّسَاءِ فِيمَا لاَ يَسْتَطِيعُ اَلرِّجَالُ اَلنَّظَرَ إِلَيْهِ وَ تَجُوزُ فِي اَلنِّكَاحِ إِذَا كَانَ مَعَهُنَّ رَجُلٌ، وَ لاَ تَجُوزُ فِي اَلطَّلاَقِ وَ لاَ فِي اَلدَّمِ وَ تَجُوزُ فِي حَدِّ اَلزِّنَا، إِذَا كَانَ ثَلاَثَةَ رِجَالٍ وَ اِمْرَأَتَيْنِ وَ لاَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ رَجُلَيْنِ وَ أَرْبَعِ نِسْوَةٍ ".

Hadith.3309 - And it was narrated by Safwan bin Yahya from Muhammad bin Al-Fudhayl, from Abu Al-Hasan, peace be upon him. He said: I asked him about the testimony of women-does it suffice in cases of marriage, divorce, or stoning? Imam (as) said: "The testimony of women is accepted in matters that men cannot observe. It is also valid in marriage if accompanied by one man. However, it is not accepted in divorce or bloodshed. It is accepted in cases of adultery if there are three men and two women, but the testimony of two men and four women is not accepted."

3310 - وَ سَأَلَ عُبَيْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ اَلْحَلَبِيُّ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : عَنْ شَهَادَةِ اَلْقَابِلَةِ فِي اَلْوِلاَدَةِ قَالَ "تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ اَلْوَاحِدَةِ وَ شَهَادَةُ اَلنِّسَاءِ فِي اَلْمَنْفُوسِ وَ اَلْعُذْرَةِ ".

Hadith.3310 - And Ubaydullah bin Ali Al-Halabi asked Abu Abdullah (as), about the testimony of a midwife in childbirth. Imam (as) said: "The testimony of one woman is accepted, and so is the testimony of women regarding the newborn and the virginity (of a girl)."

3311 - وَ - قَضَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي غُلاَمٍ شَهِدَتْ عَلَيْهِ اِمْرَأَةٌ أَنَّهُ دَفَعَ غُلاَماً فِي بِئْرٍ فَقَتَلَهُ فَأَجَازَ شَهَادَةَ اَلْمَرْأَةِ.

Hadith.3311 - And the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, ruled in the case of a boy against whom a woman testified that he had pushed another boy into a well, causing his death. Imam (as) accepted the testimony of the woman.

3312 - وَ رَوَى زُرَارَةُ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي أَرْبَعَةٍ شَهِدُوا عَلَى اِمْرَأَةٍ بِالزِّنَا فَقَالَتْ أَنَا بِكْرٌ فَنَظَرَتْ إِلَيْهَا اَلنِّسَاءُ فَوَجَدُوهَا بِكْراً قَالَ "تُقْبَلُ شَهَادَةُ اَلنِّسَاءِ".

Hadith.3312 - And Zurara narrated from one of the Imams, peace be upon them, regarding four witnesses who testified against a woman for committing adultery. She claimed that she was a virgin, so women examined her and found her to be a virgin. Imam (as) said: "The testimony of the women is accepted."

3313 - وَ سَأَلَ عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ اَلْحَكَمِ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : عَنِ اِمْرَأَةٍ شَهِدَتْ عَلَى رَجُلٍ أَنَّهُ دَفَعَ صَبِيّاً فِي بِئْرٍ فَمَاتَ قَالَ "عَلَى اَلرَّجُلِ رُبُعُ دِيَةِ اَلصَّبِيِّ بِشَهَادَةِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ".

Hadith.3313 - And Abdullah bin Al-Hakam asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a woman who testified against a man that he had pushed a boy into a well, resulting in his death. Imam (as) said: "The man is liable for one-fourth of the boy's blood money based on the testimony of the woman."