Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

4546 - وَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "إِذَا اِشْتَرَى اَلرَّجُلُ جَارِيَةً وَ هِيَ لَمْ تُدْرِكْ أَوْ قَدْ يَئِسَتْ مِنَ اَلْحَيْضِ فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِأَنْ لاَ يَسْتَبْرِئَهَا".

Hadith.4546 - Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: "If a man purchases a bondwoman who has not yet reached maturity or has passed the age of menstruation, then there is no harm if he does not observe an istibra' (waiting period) for her."

4547 - وَ رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ صَاحِبُهَا يَطَؤُهَا أَ يَسْتَبْرِئُ رَحِمَهَا قَالَ "نَعَمْ" قُلْتُ جَارِيَةٌ لَمْ تَحِضْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ بِهَا قَالَ "أَمْرُهَا شَدِيدٌ فَإِنْ أَتَاهَا فَلاَ يُنْزِلْ حَتَّى يَسْتَبِينَ لَهُ أَنَّهَا حُبْلَى أَوْ لاَ " قُلْتُ لَهُ فِي كَمْ يَسْتَبِينُ لَهُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ "فِي خَمْسٍ وَ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً".

Hadith.4547 - Al-Alaa narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said: I asked him about a man who purchased a bondwoman and her previous owner had not had relations with her. Should he still observe an istibra' (waiting period) for her womb? Imam (as) said: "Yes." I asked: "What about a bondwoman who has not yet menstruated? What should he do with her?" Imam (as) said: "Her matter is more severe. If he has relations with her, he must not ejaculate until it becomes clear whether she is pregnant or not." I asked: "How long will it take for this to become clear?" Imam (as) said: "In forty-five nights."

4548 - رَوَى مُوسَى بْنُ بَكْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ عَبْدُهُ اِمْرَأَةً بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ فَدَخَلَ بِهَا ثُمَّ اِطَّلَعَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَوْلاَهُ قَالَ "ذَلِكَ لِمَوْلاَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَجَازَ نِكَاحَهُمَا فَإِنْ فَعَلَ وَ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا فَلِلْمَرْأَةِ مَا أَصْدَقَهَا إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ اِعْتَدَى فَأَصْدَقَهَا صَدَاقاً كَثِيراً فَإِنْ أَجَازَ نِكَاحَهُ فَهُمَا عَلَى نِكَاحِهِمَا اَلْأَوَّلِ" فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَإِنَّهُ فِي أَصْلِ اَلنِّكَاحِ كَانَ عَاصِياً فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "إِنَّمَا أَتَى شَيْئاً حَلاَلاً وَ لَيْسَ بِعَاصٍ لِلَّهِ إِنَّمَا عَصَى سَيِّدَهُ وَ لَمْ يَعْصِ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ كَإِتْيَانِهِ مَا حَرَّمَ اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ نِكَاحٍ فِي عِدَّةٍ وَ أَشْبَاهِ ذَلِكَ".

Hadith.4548 - Musa ibn Bakr narrated from Zurara, who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man whose slave married a woman without his permission and then consummated the marriage. Later, the master found out about it. Imam (as) said: "It is up to the master - if he wishes, he can separate them, and if he wishes, he can approve their marriage. If the master separates them, the woman is entitled to whatever dowry was given to her unless it was excessive, in which case it is reduced. But if the master approves their marriage, they remain upon their original marriage contract." I then said to Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as): "Was the slave sinful in entering into the marriage without permission in the first place?" Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) replied: "What he did was something permissible and lawful; he did not disobey Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic. Rather, he disobeyed his master but did not violate any law of Allah (swt). This is not like committing something forbidden by Allah (swt), such as marrying a woman who is in her waiting period or similar acts."

4549 - وَ رَوَى أَبَانُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ أَنَّ رَجُلاً يُقَالُ لَهُ اِبْنُ زِيَادٍ اَلطَّائِيُّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِنِّي كُنْتُ رَجُلاً مَمْلُوكاً فَتَزَوَّجْتُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوَالِيَّ ثُمَّ أَعْتَقَنِي اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَأُجَدِّدُ اَلنِّكَاحَ فَقَالَ "كَانُوا عَلِمُوا أَنَّكَ تَزَوَّجْتَ" قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَدْ عَلِمُوا وَ سَكَتُوا وَ لَمْ يَقُولُوا لِي شَيْئاً فَقَالَ "ذَلِكَ إِقْرَارٌ مِنْهُمْ أَنْتَ عَلَى نِكَاحِكَ".

Hadith.4549 - Aban ibn Uthman narrated that a man named Ibn Ziyad al-Ta'i said: I said to Abu Abdillah (as): "I was a slave and got married without the permission of my masters. Then Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, granted me freedom. Should I renew the marriage contract?" Imam (as) said: "Were they aware that you had married?" I said: "Yes, they knew and remained silent without objecting." Imam (as) said: "Their silence is considered approval. You remain upon your original marriage contract."

4550 - رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً حَامِلاً قَدِ اِسْتَبَانَ حَمْلُهَا فَوَطِئَهَا قَالَ "بِئْسَ مَا صَنَعَ " فَقُلْتُ مَا تَقُولُ فِيهَا قَالَ "عَزَلَ عَنْهَا أَمْ لاَ" قُلْتُ أَجِبْنِي فِي اَلْوَجْهَيْنِ فَقَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ عَزَلَ عَنْهَا فَلْيَتَّقِ اَللَّهَ وَ لاَ يَعُدْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَعْزِلْ عَنْهَا فَلاَ يَبِيعُ ذَلِكَ اَلْوَلَدَ وَ لاَ يُوَرِّثُهُ وَ لَكِنْ يُعْتِقُهُ وَ يَجْعَلُ لَهُ شَيْئاً مِنْ مَالِهِ يَعِيشُ بِهِ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ غَذَّاهُ بِنُطْفَتِهِ".

Hadith.4550 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Ishaq ibn Ammar, who said: I asked Abu al-Hasan (as) about a man who purchased a pregnant slave whose pregnancy was evident and had relations with her. Imam (as) said: "What he did was a reprehensible act." I said: "What is your ruling in this matter?" Imam (as) said: "Did he practice withdrawal (coitus interruptus) or not?" I said: "Please explain the ruling in both cases." Imam (as) said: "If he practiced withdrawal, then he must fear Allah (swt) and never repeat this action. But if he did not practice withdrawal, he must not sell the child, nor consider the child an inheritor. Instead, he must emancipate the child and allocate some of his wealth to provide for the child's living expenses, because he has nourished the child with his own seed."

4551 - رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ أُخْتَانِ مَمْلُوكَتَانِ فَوَطِئَ إِحْدَاهُمَا ثُمَّ وَطِئَ اَلْأُخْرَى قَالَ "إِذَا وَطِئَ اَلْأُخْرَى فَقَدْ حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ اَلْأُولَى حَتَّى تَمُوتَ اَلْأُخْرَى " قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ بَاعَهَا أَ تَحِلُّ لَهُ اَلْأُولَى قَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ بَاعَهَا لِحَاجَةٍ وَ لاَ يَخْطُرُ عَلَى بَالِهِ مِنَ اَلْأُخْرَى شَيْءٌ فَلاَ أَرَى بِذَلِكَ بَأْساً وَ إِنْ كَانَ يَبِيعُهَا لِيَرْجِعَ إِلَى اَلْأُولَى فَلاَ وَ لاَ كَرَامَةَ".

Hadith.4551 - Al-Alaa narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: I asked him about a man who owned two slave sisters and had relations with one of them, then later had relations with the other. Imam (as) said: "If he has relations with the second one, then the first becomes prohibited for him until the second one dies." I said: "What if he sells the second one? Does the first then become permissible for him?" Imam (as) said: "If he sold her due to a need and without intending to return to the first one, then I see no harm in it. But if he sold her with the intention of returning to the first one, then no, and may he have no honor in doing so."

4552 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ اَلرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي اَلْأُخْتَيْنِ فَيَطَأُ إِحْدَاهُمَا ثُمَّ يَطَأُ اَلْأُخْرَى قَالَ "إِذَا وَطِئَ اَلْأُخْرَى بِجَهَالَةٍ لَمْ تَحْرُمْ عَلَيْهِ اَلْأُولَى فَإِنْ وَطِئَ اَلْأَخِيرَةَ وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهَا تَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ حَرُمَتَا عَلَيْهِ جَمِيعاً".

Hadith.4552 - In a narration from Ali ibn Ri'ab, from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah (as), he said: I asked him about a man who purchases two sisters and has relations with one of them, then has relations with the other. Imam (as) said: "If he had relations with the second one out of ignorance, the first does not become prohibited for him. However, if he had relations with the second one while knowing that it is prohibited, then both of them become prohibited for him."

4553 - رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ كَيْفَ يُنْكِحُ عَبْدَهُ أَمَتَهُ قَالَ "يُجْزِيهِ أَنْ يَقُولَ قَدْ أَنْكَحْتُكَ فُلاَنَةَ وَ يُعْطِيهَا مَا شَاءَ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ أَوْ مِنْ قِبَلِ مَوْلاَهُ وَ لاَ بُدَّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ أَوْ دِرْهَمٍ أَوْ نَحْوِ ذَلِكَ وَ لاَ بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَأْذَنَ لَهُ فَيَشْتَرِيَ مِنْ مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ جَارِيَةً أَوْ جَوَارِيَ يَطَؤُهُنَّ".

Hadith.4553 - Al-Alaa narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: I asked him how a man can marry his slave to his bondwoman. Imam (as) said: "It is sufficient for him to say, 'I have married you to so-and-so,' and to give her whatever he wishes, either from himself or from her master. There must be something given, whether it be food, a dirham, or something similar. There is also no harm if he permits the slave to purchase a bondwoman from his own wealth, if he has any, to have relations with her."

4554 - رَوَى زُرْعَةُ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ بَيْنَهُمَا أَمَةٌ فَزَوَّجَاهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّ اَلرَّجُلَ اِشْتَرَى بَعْضَ اَلسَّهْمَيْنِ قَالَ "حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ بِاشْتِرَائِهِ إِيَّاهَا وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ بَيْعَهَا طَلاَقُهَا إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا جَمِيعاً ".

Hadith.4554 - Zur'ah narrated from Sama'ah, who said: I asked him about two men who jointly owned a bondwoman and married her to another man. Then, one of the two owners purchased the other's share. Imam (as) said: "She becomes prohibited for him by his purchase of her, because buying her is equivalent to divorcing her, unless he purchases her completely."

4555 - وَ رَوَى إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ : "أَيُّمَا اِمْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ زَوَّجَتْ نَفْسَهَا عَبْداً بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوَالِيهِ فَقَدْ أَبَاحَتْ فَرْجَهَا وَ لاَ صَدَاقَ لَهَا".

Hadith.4555 - Ismail ibn Abi Ziyad narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), from his forefathers (peace be upon them) that the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "Any free woman who marries herself to a slave without the permission of his masters has made her private parts permissible unlawfully, and she is not entitled to a dowry."