Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

492 - وَ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِذَا صَلَّى عَلَى اَلرَّجُلِ وَ اَلْمَرْأَةِ قَدَّمَ اَلْمَرْأَةَ وَ أَخَّرَ اَلرَّجُلَ وَ إِذَا صَلَّى عَلَى اَلْعَبْدِ وَ اَلْحُرِّ قَدَّمَ اَلْعَبْدَ وَ أَخَّرَ اَلْحُرَّ وَ إِذَا صَلَّى عَلَى اَلْكَبِيرِ وَ اَلصَّغِيرِ قَدَّمَ اَلصَّغِيرَ وَ أَخَّرَ اَلْكَبِيرَ.

Hadith.492 - When Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) performed the funeral prayer for a man and a woman together, he would place the woman in front and the man behind. When praying for a slave and a free person, he would place the slave in front and the free person behind. When praying for an elder and a child, he would place the child in front and the elder behind.

493 - وَ رَوَى هِشَامُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ - «لاَ بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُقَدَّمَ اَلرَّجُلُ وَ تُؤَخَّرَ اَلْمَرْأَةُ أَوْ تُقَدَّمَ اَلْمَرْأَةُ وَ يُؤَخَّرَ اَلرَّجُلُ. - يعني في الصلاة على الميت. وأفضل المواضع في الصلاة على الميت الصف الأخير، والعلة في ذلك أن النساء كن يختلطن بالرجال في الصلاة على الجنازة.

Hadith.493 - Hisham ibn Salim narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that He said: "There is no harm in placing the man in front and the woman behind or in placing the woman in front and the man behind" [AL SADUQ] This is referring to the arrangement of the funeral prayer for the deceased. The preferred position in the funeral prayer is the last row, and the reason for this is that women used to mix with men during the funeral prayer.

494 - فَقَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «أَفْضَلُ اَلْمَوَاضِعِ فِي اَلصَّلاَةِ عَلَى اَلْمَيِّتِ اَلصَّفُّ اَلْأَخِيرُ.

Hadith.494 - The Prophet, said: "The best place in the funeral prayer is the last row." COMPEV فتأخرن إلى الصف الأخير فبقي فضله على ما ذكره عليه السلام. وإذا دعي الرجل إلى وليمة وإلى جنازة أجاب إلى الجنازة لأنها تذكر أمر الآخرة، ويدع الوليمة لأنها تذكر الدنيا. Therefore, people should move back to the last row, as its merit remains as the Prophet (as) described. Furthermore, if a man is invited to both a feast (walimah) and a funeral, he should attend the funeral, as it reminds him of the hereafter, and leave the feast, as it reminds him of worldly matters.

495 - وَقَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «إِذَا دُعِيتُمْ إِلَى اَلْجَنَائِزِ فَأَسْرِعُوا وَ إِذَا دُعِيتُمْ إِلَى اَلْعَرَائِسِ فَأَبْطِئُوا.

Hadith.495 - The Prophet, said: "If you are invited to funerals, hasten to attend, but if you are invited to weddings, take your time."

496 - وَ سَأَلَ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلْجِنَازَةِ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ وُضُوءٍ فَقَالَ «نَعَمْ إِنَّمَا هِيَ تَكْبِيرٌ وَ تَسْبِيحٌ وَ تَحْمِيدٌ وَ تَهْلِيلٌ كَمَا تُكَبِّرُ وَ تُسَبِّحُ فِي بَيْتِكَ.

Hadith.496 - Yunus ibn Ya'qub asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about performing the funeral prayer without being in a state of ritual ablution (wudu). Imam (as) replied: "Yes, it is permissible, for it is comprised of takbir (saying 'Allahu Akbar'), tasbih (glorification of Allah (swt)), tahmid (praise of Allah (swt)), and tahlil (declaration of 'La ilaha illa Allah (swt)'), just as you say them in your home."

497 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «أَنَّ اَلْحَائِضَ تُصَلِّي عَلَى اَلْجِنَازَةِ وَ لاَ تَصُفُّ مَعَهُمْ.

Hadith.497 - Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as): "A menstruating woman may participate in the funeral prayer but does not stand in the rows with the rest of the congregation."

498 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «فِي اَلطَّامِثِ إِذَا حَضَرَتِ اَلْجِنَازَةَ تَتَيَمَّمُ وَ تُصَلِّي عَلَيْهَا وَ تَقُومُ وَحْدَهَا بَارِزَةً مِنَ اَلصَّفِّ.»

Hadith.498 - In a narration of Sama’a ibn Mehran from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as): "A menstruating woman who is present at a funeral should perform tayammum (dry ablution) and pray for the deceased, standing apart and separate from the row."

499 - وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «حَدُّ اَلْقَبْرِ إِلَى اَلتَّرْقُوَةِ»

Hadith.499 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "The depth of the grave is to the collarbone (clavicle)."

500 - وَ قَدْ رَوَى سَالِمُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «يُجْعَلُ لَهُ وِسَادَةٌ مِنْ تُرَابٍ وَ يُجْعَلُ خَلْفَ ظَهْرِهِ مَدَرَةٌ لِئَلاَّ يَسْتَلْقِيَ وَ يُحَلُّ عُقَدُ كَفَنِهِ كُلُّهَا وَ يُكْشَفُ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ ثُمَّ يُدْعَى لَهُ وَ يُقَالُ اَللَّهُمَّ عَبْدُكَ وَ اِبْنُ عَبْدِكَ وَ اِبْنُ أَمَتِكَ نَزَلَ بِكَ وَ أَنْتَ خَيْرُ مَنْزُولٍ بِهِ اَللَّهُمَّ اِفْسَحْ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ وَ لَقِّنْهُ حُجَّتَهُ وَ أَلْحِقْهُ بِنَبِيِّهِ وَ قِهِ شَرَّ مُنْكَرٍ وَ نَكِيرٍ ثُمَّ تُدْخِلُ يَدَكَ اَلْيُمْنَى تَحْتَ مَنْكِبِهِ اَلْأَيْمَنِ وَ تَضَعُ يَدَكَ اَلْيُسْرَى عَلَى مَنْكِبِهِ اَلْأَيْسَرِ وَ تُحَرِّكُهُ تَحْرِيكاً شَدِيداً وَ تَقُولُ يَا فُلاَنَ بْنَ فُلاَنٍ اَللَّهُ رَبُّكَ وَ مُحَمَّدٌ نَبِيُّكَ وَ اَلْإِسْلاَمُ دِينُكَ وَ عَلِيٌّ وَلِيُّكَ وَ إِمَامُكَ وَ تُسَمِّي اَلْأَئِمَّةَ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَاحِداً وَاحِداً إِلَى آخِرِهِمْ أَئِمَّتُكَ أَئِمَّةُ هُدًى أَبْرَارٌ ثُمَّ تُعِيدُ عَلَيْهِ اَلتَّلْقِينَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى وَ إِذَا وَضَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ اَللَّبِنَ فَقُلِ: اَللَّهُمَّ اِرْحَمْ غُرْبَتَهُ وَ صِلْ وَحْدَتَهُ وَ آنِسْ وَحْشَتَهُ وَ آمِنْ رَوْعَتَهُ وَ أَسْكِنْ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ رَحْمَتِكَ رَحْمَةً يَسْتَغْنِي بِهَا عَنْ رَحْمَةِ مَنْ سِوَاكَ وَ اُحْشُرْهُ مَعَ مَنْ كَانَ يَتَوَلاَّهُ وَ مَتَى زُرْتَ قَبْرَهُ فَادْعُ لَهُ بِهَذَا اَلدُّعَاءِ وَ أَنْتَ مُسْتَقْبِلُ اَلْقِبْلَةِ وَ يَدَاكَ عَلَى اَلْقَبْرِ فَإِذَا خَرَجْتَ مِنَ اَلْقَبْرِ فَقُلْ وَ أَنْتَ تَنْفُضُ يَدَيْكَ مِنَ اَلتُّرَابِ: «إِنّٰا لِلّٰهِ وَ إِنّٰا إِلَيْهِ رٰاجِعُونَ» ثُمَّ اُحْثُ اَلتُّرَابَ عَلَيْهِ بِظَهْرِ كَفَّيْكَ ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ وَ قُلِ اَللَّهُمَّ إِيمَاناً بِكَ وَ تَصْدِيقاً بِكِتَابِكَ هَذَا مَا وَعَدَنَا اَللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ وَ صَدَقَ اَللَّهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ هَذِهِ اَلْكَلِمَاتِ كَتَبَ اَللَّهُ لَهُ بِكُلِّ ذَرَّةٍ حَسَنَةً فَإِذَا سُوِّيَ قَبْرُهُ فَصُبَّ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ اَلْمَاءَ وَ تَجْعَلُ اَلْقَبْرَ أَمَامَكَ وَ أَنْتَ مُسْتَقْبِلُ اَلْقِبْلَةِ وَ تَبْدَأُ بِصَبِّ اَلْمَاءِ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ وَ تَدُورُ بِهِ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ مِنْ أَرْبَعِ جَوَانِبِهِ حَتَّى تَرْجِعَ إِلَى اَلرَّأْسِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ تَقْطَعَ اَلْمَاءَ فَإِنْ فَضَلَ مِنَ اَلْمَاءِ شَيْءٌ فَصُبَّهُ عَلَى وَسَطِ اَلْقَبْرِ ثُمَّ ضَعْ يَدَكَ عَلَى اَلْقَبْرِ وَ اُدْعُ لِلْمَيِّتِ وَ اِسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُ.

Hadith.500 - Salim ibn Mukram narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that He said: "A pillow of earth should be placed for the deceased, and a clump of soil behind their back to prevent them from lying flat. The knots of their shroud should be untied, their face uncovered, and supplications should be made: Allāhumma ‘abduka wa ibnu ‘abdika wa ibnu amatika nazala bika wa anta khayru manzūlin bih. Allāhumma ifsaḥ lahu fī qabrihi wa laqqinh ḥujjatahu wa alḥiqhu binabiyyihi wa qihi sharra Munkarin wa Nakīr 'O’ Allah (swt), this is Your servant, the child of Your servant and maidservant. They have returned to You, and You are the best to receive. O’ Allah (swt), expand their grave for them, teach them their proof, and join them with their Prophet. Protect them from the trial of Munkar and Nakir.'" Then, place your right hand under their right shoulder and your left hand on their left shoulder, and shake them firmly while saying: Yā Fulān ibn Fulān, Allāhu rabbuka, wa Muḥammadun nabiyyuka, wa al-Islāmu dīnuka, wa ‘Aliyyun walīyuka wa imāmuka "O’ [name of the deceased], child of [father’s name], Allah (swt) is your Lord (azj), Muhammad is your Prophet, Islam is your religion, Ali is your guardian and Imam" - Name each of the Imams, ending with: 'Your Imams are the guides and the righteous.' Then repeat the talqeen (prompting of faith) once more. And when you put earth over him or when placing bricks over the grave, say: Allāhumma irḥam ghurbatahu wa ṣil waḥdatahu wa ānis waḥshatahu wa āmin raw‘atahu wa askin ilayhi min raḥmatika raḥmatan yastaghnī bihā ‘an raḥmati man siwāk, wa uḥshuruhu ma‘a man kāna yatawallāh "O’ Allah (swt), have mercy on their loneliness, connect their solitude, comfort their fear, and fill them with Your mercy so that they need no mercy from anyone other than You. Unite them with those they loved." When visiting their grave, recite this supplication facing the Qibla, with hands on the grave. Upon exiting the grave, while brushing the dirt off your hands, say: Innā lillāhi wa innā ilayhi rāji‘ūn "Indeed, we belong to Allah (swt), and indeed, to Him we shall return." Throw dirt onto the grave with the backs of your hands three times, saying: Allāhumma īmānan bika wa taṣdīqan bikitābika, hādhā mā wa‘adanā Allāhu wa rasūluhu wa ṣadaqa Allāhu wa rasūluhu "O’ Allah (swt), we believe in You and affirm Your Book. This is what You and Your Messenger have promised, and Allah (swt) and His Messenger have spoken the truth." Whoever performs this and says these words will earn a reward for every particle of soil. Once the grave is made/leveled, pour water over it, beginning at the head and circling around all four sides, returning to the head without breaking the flow of water. If any water remains, pour it in the middle of the grave. Place your hand on the grave, supplicate for the deceased, and seek forgiveness for them.

501 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: «مَا عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلْمَيِّتِ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَدْرَءُوا عَنْ مَيِّتِهِمْ لِقَاءَ مُنْكَرٍ وَ نَكِيرٍ » فَقُلْتُ وَ كَيْفَ نَصْنَعُ فَقَالَ «إِذَا أُفْرِدَ اَلْمَيِّتُ فَلْيَتَخَلَّفْ عِنْدَهُ أَوْلَى اَلنَّاسِ بِهِ فَيَضَعَ فَاهُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ ثُمَّ يُنَادِيَ بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِهِ: يَا فُلاَنَ بْنَ فُلاَنٍ أَوْ يَا فُلاَنَةَ بِنْتَ فُلاَنَةَ هَلْ أَنْتَ عَلَى اَلْعَهْدِ اَلَّذِي فَارَقْنَاكَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اَللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ سَيِّدُ اَلنَّبِيِّينَ وَ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ سَيِّدُ اَلْوَصِيِّينَ وَ أَنَّ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ مُحَمَّدٌ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ حَقٌّ وَ أَنَّ اَلْمَوْتَ حَقٌّ وَ اَلْبَعْثَ حَقٌّ «وَ أَنَّ اَلسّٰاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ لاٰ رَيْبَ فِيهٰا وَ أَنَّ اَللّٰهَ يَبْعَثُ مَنْ فِي اَلْقُبُورِ» فَإِذَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ مُنْكَرٌ لِنَكِيرٍ اِنْصَرِفْ بِنَا عَنْ هَذَا فَقَدْ لُقِّنَ بِهَا حُجَّتَهُ.

Hadith.501 - Yahya ibn Abdullah narrates from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as): "There is no harm for the family of the deceased among you to help the deceased prepare for the encounter with Munkar and Nakir (the questioning angels).” I asked: “How should we do that?” Imam (as) said: “When the deceased is placed in the grave, the closest person to them should remain by their side, place their mouth near the head of the deceased, and call out in a loud voice: "O’ [name of the deceased], child of [father’s name], are you still on the covenant upon which we left you—the testimony that there is no god but Allah (swt), alone without partner, and that Muhammad (sw) is His servant and Messenger, the Master of the Prophets; that Ali is The Commander of the Faithful, the Master of the Successors; that what Muhammad (sw) brought is the truth; that death is real, resurrection is real, and that the Hour is coming without a doubt, and that Allah (swt) will raise those who are in the graves?" If this is said: Munkar will turn to Nakir and say: “Let us leave, for he has been properly instructed (given Talqeen)."