Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

وَ سَأَلَ هِشَامُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ شَارِبِ اَلْخَمْرِ وَ اَلزَّانِي وَ اَلسَّارِقِ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِمْ إِذَا مَاتُوا فَقَالَ «نَعَمْ.

Hisham ibn Salim asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about whether the funeral prayer should be offered for one who drinks alcohol, commits adultery (zina), or steals if they pass away. Imam (a.s) replied: "Yes."

وَقَالَ عَمَّارُ بْنُ مُوسَى اَلسَّابَاطِيُّ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي قَوْمٍ كَانُوا فِي سَفَرٍ لَهُمْ يَمْشُونَ عَلَى سَاحِلِ اَلْبَحْرِ فَإِذَا هُمْ بِرَجُلٍ مَيِّتٍ عُرْيَانٍ قَدْ لَفَظَهُ اَلْبَحْرُ وَ هُمْ عُرَاةٌ لَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ إِلاَّ إِزَارٌ فَكَيْفَ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَيْهِ وَ هُوَ عُرْيَانٌ وَ لَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ فَضْلُ ثَوْبٍ يُكَفِّنُونَهُ بِهِ قَالَ «يُحْفَرُ لَهُ وَ يُوضَعُ فِي لَحْدِهِ وَ يُوضَعُ اَللَّبِنُ عَلَى عَوْرَتِهِ» لِتُسْتَرَ عَوْرَتُهُ بِاللَّبِنِ وَ بِالْحَجَرِ وَ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ يُدْفَنُ.

Ammar ibn Musa al-Sabati said: "I asked Imam Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a group of people who were traveling along the seashore and came across a dead man who was naked and had been cast ashore by the sea. They themselves were also without sufficient clothing, having only a single garment. How should they perform the funeral prayer for him since he was naked and they did not have an extra cloth to shroud him?" Imam (a.s) replied: "A grave should be dug, and he should be placed in his burial niche, with bricks placed over his private parts to cover them. Then, the funeral prayer should be offered over him, and he should be buried."

وَ رَوَى إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ عَنِ اَلصَّادِقِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ: «أَنَّ عَلِيّاً صَلَوَاتُ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَجَدَ قِطَعاً مِنْ مَيِّتٍ فَجُمِعَتْ ثُمَّ صَلَّى عَلَيْهَا ثُمَّ دُفِنَتْ.

Ishaq ibn Ammar narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s), and him from his father, Imam al-Baqir: that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s), once found scattered parts of a deceased person. He gathered them together, performed the funeral prayer over them, and then they were buried.

وَ رَوَى اَلْفَضْلُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ اَلْأَعْوَرُ عَنِ اَلصَّادِقِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يُقْتَلُ فَيُوجَدُ رَأْسُهُ فِي قَبِيلَةٍ وَ وَسَطُهُ وَ صَدْرُهُ وَ يَدَاهُ فِي قَبِيلَةٍ وَ اَلْبَاقِي مِنْهُ فِي قَبِيلَةٍ قَالَ «دِيَتُهُ عَلَى مَنْ وُجِدَ فِي قَبِيلَتِهِ صَدْرُهُ وَ يَدَاهُ وَ اَلصَّلاَةُ عَلَيْهِ.

Al-Fadl ibn 'Uthman al-A'war narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) and him from his father, Imam al-Baqir, regarding a man who is killed and his head is found in one tribe, his torso and hands in another tribe, and the rest of his body in a different tribe. The Imam said: "The responsibility for his blood money (diyah) is upon the tribe where his torso and hands are found, and the funeral prayer should be performed over those parts”.

وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِذَا وُجِدَ اَلرَّجُلُ قَتِيلاً فَإِنْ وُجِدَ لَهُ عُضْوٌ مِنْ أَعْضَائِهِ تَامّاً صُلِّيَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَ دُفِنَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُوجَدْ لَهُ عُضْوٌ تَامٌّ لَمْ يُصَلَّ عَلَيْهِ وَ دُفِنَ.

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: “If a man is found killed and one of his limbs is found intact, a funeral prayer should be offered over it, and it should be buried. If no complete limb is found, no funeral prayer is offered, but it should still be buried”.

وَ رَوَى زُرَارَةُ وَ عُبَيْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ اَلْحَلَبِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ اَلصَّلاَةِ عَلَى اَلصَّبِيِّ مَتَى يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ «إِذَا عَقَلَ اَلصَّلاَةَ» فَقُلْتُ مَتَى تَجِبُ اَلصَّلاَةُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ «إِذَا كَانَ اِبْنَ سِتِّ سِنِينَ وَ اَلصِّيَامُ إِذَا أَطَاقَهُ.

Zurarah and Ubaidullah ibn Ali Al-Halabi narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) that He was asked about when the funeral prayer should be offered for a child. Imam (a.s) replied: "When the child understands the concept of prayer." I asked: "At what age does prayer become obligatory for the child?" Imam (a.s) replied: "When the child reaches six years old, and fasting becomes obligatory when they are capable of it."

وَ صَلَّى أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَى اِبْنٍ لَهُ صَبِيٍّ صَغِيرٍ لَهُ ثَلاَثُ سِنِينَ ثُمَّ قَالَ - «لَوْ لاَ أَنَّ اَلنَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ لاَ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى اَلصِّغَارِ مِنْ أَوْلاَدِهِمْ مَا صَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ.

Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) offered the funeral prayer for a young son of his who was three years old. He then said: "If it were not for the fact that people might say that the Banu Hashim do not offer funeral prayers for their young children, I would not have prayed over him”.

وَ سُئِلَ: مَتَى تَجِبُ اَلصَّلاَةُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ «إِذَا عَقَلَ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ كَانَ اِبْنَ سِتِّ سِنِينَ.

He was asked : "When does the funeral prayer become obligatory for a child?" Imam (a.s) replied: "When the child understands the concept of prayer and is six years old."

وَ رَوَى زُرَارَةُ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «اَلصَّلاَةُ عَلَى اَلْمُسْتَضْعَفِ وَ اَلَّذِي لاَ يُعْرَفُ مَذْهَبُهُ يُصَلِّي عَلَى اَلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ يَدْعُو لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ اَلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَ يُقَالُ: «اَللَّهُمَّ اِغْفِرْ لِلَّذِينَ تٰابُوا وَ اِتَّبَعُوا سَبِيلَكَ وَ قِهِمْ عَذٰابَ اَلْجَحِيمِ».

Zurarah and Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) that He said: "Prayers over the oppressed (Al-Mustadh'afin) and those who are unversed of their beliefs will be: first send salawat for the Prophet his family, and then make supplications for the believing men and women, and then do supplication saying: Allāhumma ighfir lilladhīna tābū wa ittaba‘ū sabīlaka wa qihim ‘adhāba al-jaḥīm 'O’ Allah (swt), forgive those who have repented and followed Your path, and protect them from the punishment of Hellfire.'"

وَ رَوَى صَفْوَانُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ اَلْجَمَّالُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَاتَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ اَلْمُنَافِقِينَ فَخَرَجَ اَلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَمْشِي فَلَقِيَ مَوْلًى لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ «إِلَى أَيْنَ تَذْهَبُ» فَقَالَ أَفِرُّ مِنْ جِنَازَةِ هَذَا اَلْمُنَافِقِ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ اَلْحُسَيْنُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «قُمْ إِلَى جَنْبِي فَمَا سَمِعْتَنِي أَقُولُ فَقُلْ مِثْلَهُ» قَالَ فَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ فَقَالَ « اَللَّهُمَّ أَخْزِ عَبْدَكَ فِي عِبَادِكَ وَ بِلاَدِكَ اَللَّهُمَّ أَصْلِهِ أَشَدَّ نَارِكَ اَللَّهُمَّ أَذِقْهُ حَرَّ عَذَابِكَ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يُوَالِي أَعْدَاءَكَ وَ يُعَادِي أَوْلِيَاءَكَ وَ يُبْغِضُ أَهْلَ بَيْتِ نَبِيِّكَ ».

it was narrated by Safwan ibn Mehran al-Jammal from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) that He said: "A man from the hypocrites passed away, and Imam al-Hussain ibn Ali (a.s) went out walking. He encountered a servant of his, and asked: 'Where are you going?' The servant said: 'I am avoiding the funeral of this hypocrite so that I do not have to pray over him.' Imam al-Hussain (a.s) replied: 'Come stand by my side, and whatever you hear me say, you should say as well.' He then raised his hands and said: Allāhumma akhzī ‘abdaka fī ‘ibādika wa bilādika, Allāhumma aṣlih ashaddu nārika, Allāhumma adhiqhu ḥarra ‘adhābika, fa-innahu kāna yuwālī a‘dā’aka wa yu‘ādī awliyā’aka wa yubghiḍu ahla bayti nabiyyika "'O’ Allah (swt), disgrace Your servant among Your servants and in Your lands. O’ Allah (swt), make him taste the intensity of Your fire. O’ Allah (swt), make him feel the heat of Your punishment, for he was loyal to Your enemies, hostile to Your allies, and had hatred for the family of Your Prophet.'"