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The Ritual Bath of Jumu’ah, Entering the Bathhouse, Its Etiquette, and Teachings on Cleanliness and Beautification
وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَنْ أَطَاعَ اِمْرَأَتَهُ أَكَبَّهُ اَللَّهُ عَلَى مَنْخِرَيْهِ فِي اَلنَّارِ » فَقِيلَ وَ مَا تِلْكَ اَلطَّاعَةُ قَالَ «تَدْعُوهُ إِلَى اَلنِّيَاحَاتِ وَ اَلْعُرُسَاتِ وَ اَلْحَمَّامَاتِ وَ لُبْسِ اَلثِّيَابِ اَلرِّقَاقِ فَيُجِيبُهَا.
Imam (a.s) said: 'Whoever obeys his wife (in matters of disobedience) will be thrown by Allah (swt), the Exalted, on his face in the Fire.' It was said: 'What kind of obedience is that?' Imam (a.s) said: "When She invites him to go to congregation of lamentations to extravagant festivities (weddings), or going to public bathhouses, and or to wear delicate (thin/revealing) clothing; and he approves it for her."
وَ سَأَلَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَدَعُ غُسْلَ يَوْمِ اَلْجُمُعَةِ نَاسِياً أَوْ مُتَعَمِّداً فَقَالَ «إِذَا كَانَ نَاسِياً فَقَدْ تَمَّتْ صَلاَتُهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ مُتَعَمِّداً فَلْيَسْتَغْفِرِ اَللَّهَ وَ لاَ يَعُدْ.
Abu Basir asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about a man who neglects the Jumu’ah ritual bath (ghusl) either forgetfully or intentionally. Imam (a.s) said: 'If he was forgetful, his prayer is valid. But if he did so intentionally, then he should seek forgiveness from Allah (swt) and not repeat it.’
وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لاَ تَتَّكِ فِي اَلْحَمَّامِ فَإِنَّهُ يُذِيبُ شَحْمَ اَلْكُلْيَتَيْنِ وَ لاَ تُسَرِّحْ فِي اَلْحَمَّامِ فَإِنَّهُ يُرَقِّقُ اَلشَّعْرَ وَ لاَ تَغْسِلْ رَأْسَكَ بِالطِّينِ فَإِنَّهُ يُسَمِّجُ اَلْوَجْهَ» وَ فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ «يَذْهَبُ بِالْغَيْرَةِ وَ لاَ تَدَلَّكْ بِالْخَزَفِ فَإِنَّهُ يُورِثُ اَلْبَرَصَ وَ لاَ تَمْسَحْ وَجْهَكَ بِالْإِزَارِ فَإِنَّهُ يَذْهَبُ بِمَاءِ اَلْوَجْهِ. وَ رُوِيَ «أَنَّ ذَلِكَ طِينُ مِصْرَ وَ خَزَفُ اَلشَّامِ. والسواك في الحمام يورث وباء الأسنان. ولا يجوز التطهير والغسل بغسالة الحمام.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: 'Do not recline in the bathhouse, for it melts the fat around the kidneys. Do not comb your hair in the bathhouse, for it weakens the hair. Do not wash your head with clay, for it disfigures the face,' and in another narration, 'it removes protective modesty (ghayrah). Do not scrub with pottery shards (khuzfah), for it causes leprosy, And do not wipe your face with the izar (waistcloth), for it removes the glamour of the face. And it is narrated that this refers to the clay of Egypt and the khuzfah (pottery) of Sham."
وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لِيَتَزَيَّنَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ يَوْمَ اَلْجُمُعَةِ وَ يَغْتَسِلُ وَ يَتَطَيَّبُ وَ يَتَسَرَّحُ وَ يَلْبَسُ أَنْظَفَ ثِيَابِهِ وَ لْيَتَهَيَّأْ لِلْجُمُعَةِ وَ لْيَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ اَلْيَوْمِ اَلسَّكِينَةُ وَ اَلْوَقَارُ وَ لْيُحْسِنْ عِبَادَةَ رَبِّهِ وَ لْيَفْعَلِ اَلْخَيْرَ مَا اِسْتَطَاعَ فَإِنَّ اَللَّهَ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ يَطَّلِعُ عَلَى اَلْأَرْضِ لِيُضَاعِفَ اَلْحَسَنَاتِ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: 'Let each of you adorn himself on Jumu’ah; perform the ritual bath (ghusl), apply perfume, comb your hair, and wear your cleanest clothes. He should prepare for Jumu’ah and embody tranquility and dignity on that day. He should enhance worship your Lord (azj) excellently and do as much good as you can, for surely Allah (swt), the Exalted, looks upon the earth to multiply the good deeds (on Jumu’ah)."
وَقَالَ أَبُو اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «لاَ تَدْخُلُوا اَلْحَمَّامَ عَلَى اَلرِّيقِ وَ لاَ تَدْخُلُوهُ حَتَّى تَطْعَمُوا شَيْئاً.
Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) said: 'Do not enter the bathhouse on an empty stomach, and do not enter it until you have eaten something.'
وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: خَرَجَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مِنَ اَلْحَمَّامِ فَلَبِسَ وَ تَعَمَّمَ قَالَ «فَمَا تَرَكْتُ اَلْعِمَامَةَ عِنْدَ خُرُوجِي مِنَ اَلْحَمَّامِ فِي اَلشِّتَاءِ وَ اَلصَّيْفِ.
Some have narrated: "Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) exited the bathhouse, dressed, and wrapped a turban upon his head. Imam (a.s) said: 'I never leave off wearing a turban upon exiting the bathhouse, whether in winter or summer.'
وَقَالَ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «اَلْحَمَّامُ يَوْمٌ وَ يَوْمٌ لاَ يُكْثِرُ اَللَّحْمَ وَ إِدْمَانُهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ يُذْهِبُ شَحْمَ اَلْكُلْيَتَيْنِ.
Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) said: 'Bathing in the bathhouse every other day does not increase fat. However, using it daily will deplete the fat of the kidneys.'
وَ كَانَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَطَّلِي فِي اَلْحَمَّامِ فَإِذَا بَلَغَ مَوْضِعَ اَلْعَوْرَةِ قَالَ لِلَّذِي يَطْلِي تَنَحَّ ثُمَّ يَطْلِي هُوَ ذَلِكَ اَلْمَوْضِعَ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) would apply Nuura (depilatory paste) in the bathhouse, and when he reached the area of the private parts, he would instruct the one applying it to move away, and then he would apply it himself to that area.
وَ دَخَلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلْحَمَّامَ فَقَالَ لَهُ صَاحِبُ اَلْحَمَّامِ نُخْلِيهِ لَكَ فَقَالَ «لاَ إِنَّ اَلْمُؤْمِنَ خَفِيفُ اَلْمَئُونَةِ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) entered the bathhouse, the bathhouse attendant offered to clear it for him. Imam (a.s) said: 'No, a believer is light in their burdens.’
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اَللَّهِ اَلْمُرَافِقِيِّ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ حَمَّاماً بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَإِذَا شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ وَ هُوَ قَيِّمُ اَلْحَمَّامِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَا شَيْخُ لِمَنْ هَذَا اَلْحَمَّامُ فَقَالَ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقُلْتُ أَ كَانَ يَدْخُلُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَقُلْتُ كَيْفَ كَانَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ كَانَ يَدْخُلُ فَيَبْدَأُ فَيَطْلِي عَانَتَهُ وَ مَا يَلِيهَا ثُمَّ يَلُفُّ إِزَارَهُ عَلَى أَطْرَافِ إِحْلِيلِهِ وَ يَدْعُونِي فَأَطْلِي سَائِرَ جَسَدِهِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَوْماً مِنَ اَلْأَيَّامِ اَلَّذِي تَكْرَهُ أَنْ أَرَاهُ قَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ قَالَ «كَلاَّ إِنَّ اَلنُّورَةَ سُتْرَةٌ.
It was narrated by Ubaidullah Al-Marafiqi that he entered a bathhouse in Medina and saw an elderly man who was the caretaker of the bathhouse. (Al-Marafiqi) said to him: ‘O’ Shaykh, 'To whom does this bathhouse belong?' (Old man) said: ‘It belongs to Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s)’ (Al-Marafiqi) asked: 'Did he use to come here?' (Old man) replied: 'Yes.' So (Al-Marafiqi) asked: ‘And what does He do (in the bathhouse)?’ (Old man) said: 'He would enter and first anoint the area around his private parts and what was near it. Then, he would wrap his waistcloth (izar) around the edges of his private area and call me to anoint the rest of his body." One day, I said to him, "What you would dislike for me to see, I have already seen.' Imam (a.s) said: 'Not at all; the Nuura (depilatory paste) is a form of covering.'
