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The Ritual Bath of Jumu’ah, Entering the Bathhouse, Its Etiquette, and Teachings on Cleanliness and Beautification
وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ اَلْمَعْرُوفُ بِسَعْدَانَ: كُنْتُ فِي اَلْحَمَّامِ فِي اَلْبَيْتِ اَلْأَوْسَطِ فَدَخَلَ أَبُو اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ عَلَيْهِ إِزَارٌ فَوْقَ اَلنُّورَةِ فَقَالَ «اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكُمْ» فَرَدَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمَ وَ دَخَلْتُ اَلْبَيْتَ اَلَّذِي فِيهِ اَلْحَوْضُ فَاغْتَسَلْتُ وَ خَرَجْتُ.
Abdur Rahman ibn Muslim, known as Sa'dan, said: "I was in the middle room of the bathhouse when Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) entered, wearing a cloth over the Nuura (depilatory paste)." Imam (a.s) said: 'Peace be upon you,' I returned the greeting also. Then I entered the room with the basin, performed my ablution, and left.
وَ رَوَى حَنَانُ بْنُ سَدِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ أَنَا وَ أَبِي وَ جَدِّي وَ عَمِّي حَمَّاماً فِي اَلْمَدِينَةِ فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ فِي بَيْتِ اَلْمَسْلَخِ فَقَالَ لَنَا مِمَّنِ اَلْقَوْمُ فَقُلْنَا مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلْعِرَاقِ فَقَالَ وَ أَيُّ اَلْعِرَاقِ فَقُلْنَا اَلْكُوفِيُّونَ فَقَالَ «مَرْحَباً بِكُمْ يَا أَهْلَ اَلْكُوفَةِ وَ أَهْلاً أَنْتُمُ اَلشِّعَارُ دُونَ اَلدِّثَارِ» ثُمَّ قَالَ «وَ مَا يَمْنَعُكُمْ مِنَ اَلْإِزَارِ » فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ قَالَ «عَوْرَةُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِ عَلَى اَلْمُؤْمِنِ حَرَامٌ» قَالَ فَبَعَثَ عَمِّي إِلَى كِرْبَاسَةٍ فَشَقَّهَا بِأَرْبَعَةٍ ثُمَّ أَخَذَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَّا وَاحِداً ثُمَّ دَخَلْنَا فِيهَا فَلَمَّا كُنَّا فِي اَلْبَيْتِ اَلْحَارِّ صَمَدَ لِجَدِّي فَقَالَ «يَا كَهْلُ مَا يَمْنَعُكَ مِنَ اَلْخِضَابِ» فَقَالَ لَهُ جَدِّي أَدْرَكْتُ مَنْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي وَ مِنْكَ لاَ يَخْتَضِبُ فَقَالَ «وَ مَنْ ذَاكَ اَلَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي» فَقَالَ أَدْرَكْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ لاَ يَخْتَضِبُ فَنَكَسَ رَأْسَهُ وَ تَصَابَّ عَرَقاً وَقَالَ «صَدَقْتَ وَ بَرِرْتَ» ثُمَّ قَالَ «يَا كَهْلُ إِنْ تَخْتَضِبْ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ قَدْ خَضَبَ وَ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ إِنْ تَتْرُكْ فَلَكَ بِعَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أُسْوَةٌ» قَالَ فَلَمَّا خَرَجْنَا مِنَ اَلْحَمَّامِ سَأَلْنَا عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ فِي اَلْمَسْلَخِ فَإِذَا هُوَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحُسَيْنِ وَ مَعَهُ اِبْنُهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ.
Hanan ibn Sudayr narrated from his father: He said: 'I entered a bathhouse in Medina with my father, grandfather, and uncle. There was a man in the changing room.’ Imam (a.s) said: ”Where are you people from?" We replied: ”From the people of Al-Iraq” . Imam (a.s) said: ”Which part of Al-Iraq?” We replied: ”From Al-Kufa”. Imam (a.s) said: ”Welcome, O’ people of Kufa, you are the closest to us.” Then He (a.s) said: ”Why are you not wearing a covering (waistcloth)? For Messenger of Allah (saws) has said that 'The private parts of a believer are forbidden for another believer to see.'" My uncle then sent for a piece of cloth, cut it into four pieces, and each of us took one before we entered (bathhouse). When we entered into the warm room (of bathhouse), the man turned to my grandfather and said: "O’ elderly man, why do you not use henna (dye)?" My grandfather said: "I have seen someone better than you and me who did not use it." Imam (a.s) said: "And Who is better than me?" My grandfather replied: “I saw (Imam (a.s)) Ali ibn Abi Talib and he did not dye his hair." He (a.s) lowered his head and sweat fell from him, and said: “You have spoken truth and sincere. Then Imam (a.s) said: "O’ elderly man, if you dye your hair, the Messenger of Allah (saws) also dyed his hair, and He (saws) is better than (Imam (a.s)) Ali. And if you choose not to dye, then you have Sunnah of (Imam (a.s)) Ali as an example." When we left the bathhouse, we asked about the man in the room, and it was told they are Imam Ali ibn Al-Hussain (a.s), with his son Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s).”
وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «اَلْفَخِذُ لَيْسَ مِنَ اَلْعَوْرَةِ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: 'The thigh is not considered part of the 'awrah (private parts).'
وَقَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «اَلنُّورَةُ طَهُورٌ.
The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) said: "Nuura (depilatory paste) is a purifier."
وَقَالَ أَبُو اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «أَلْقُوا اَلشَّعْرَ عَنْكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ يُحَسِّنُ.
Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) said: 'Remove the hair from your bodies, for it enhances (your appearance).'
وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَنَوَّرَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ مِنَ اَلنُّورَةِ وَ يَجْعَلُهُ عَلَى طَرَفِ أَنْفِهِ وَ يَقُولُ: اَللَّهُمَّ اِرْحَمْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ كَمَا أَمَرَنَا بِالنُّورَةِ فَإِنَّهُ لاَ تُحْرِقُهُ اَلنُّورَةُ إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.»
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Whoever wishes to use Nuura (depilatory paste), let him take some of it and place it on the tip of his nose and say: Allāhumma irḥam Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd ‘alayhi al-salām kamā amarānā bil-nūrah 'O’ Allah (swt), have mercy on Solomon, son of David (a.s), as he instructed us regarding the depilatory paste (Nuura).' If Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, wills, the paste will not cause him any harm.
وَ رُوِيَ: «أَنَّ مَنْ جَلَسَ وَ هُوَ مُتَنَوِّرٌ خِيفَ عَلَيْهِ اَلْفَتْقُ.
It was narrated that "Whoever sits while applying Nuura (depilatory paste), he is at risk of developing a hernia."
وَقَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «أُحِبُّ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ أَنْ يَطَّلِيَ فِي كُلِّ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً.
The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) said: "I like for a believer to use Nuura (depilatory paste) every fifteen days."
وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «اَلسُّنَّةُ فِي اَلنُّورَةِ فِي كُلِّ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً فَإِنْ أَتَتْ عَلَيْكَ عِشْرُونَ يَوْماً وَ لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ فَاسْتَقْرِضْ عَلَى اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "The practice (sunnah) for using Nuura (depilatory paste) is every fifteen days. If twenty days pass without using it and you lack it, then borrow for the sake of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic."
وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: « «مَنْ كٰانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللّٰهِ وَ اَلْيَوْمِ اَلْآخِرِ» فَلاَ يَتْرُكْ عَانَتَهُ فَوْقَ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً وَ لاَ يَحِلُّ لاِمْرَأَةٍ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَ اَلْيَوْمِ اَلْآخِرِ أَنْ تَدَعَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهَا فَوْقَ عِشْرِينَ يَوْماً.
The Messenger of Allah (saws) said: "Whoever believes in Allah (swt) and the Last Day (Qiyamah) should not leave the hair of their pubic region untrimmed for more than forty days, and it is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allah (swt) and the Last Day (Qiyamah) to leave it untrimmed for more than twenty days."
