Al-Kāfi

عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَمْلُوكِ أَ عَلَيْهِ ظِهَارٌ فَقَالَ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى الْحُرِّ مِنَ الصَّوْمِ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ صَدَقَةٌ وَ لَا عِتْقٌ .

15. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ibn Mahbub from abu Hamzah al-Thumaliy who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about a slave if there is expiation for al-Zihar on him. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes one-half of what is due on a free person of fasting, and setting free of slaves as expiation does not apply in his case as well as paying charity.’”

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ الْبَخْتَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَوْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ عَشْرُ جَوَارٍ فَظَاهَرَ مِنْهُنَّ كُلَّهُنَّ جَمِيعاً بِكَلَامٍ وَاحِدٍ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ عَشْرُ كَفَّارَاتٍ .

16. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hafs ibn al-Bakhtariy who has said the following: “About the case of a man who had ten slave-girls and formed al-Zihar about all of them by one statement, abu ‘Abd Allah, or abu al-Hassan (a.s.), has said that he must pay ten expiations.’”

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِذَا وَاقَعَ الْمَرَّةَ الثَّانِيَةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ فَعَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ أُخْرَى قَالَ لَيْسَ فِي هَذَا اخْتِلَافٌ .

17. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ‘Umar ibn ‘Udhaynah from Zurarah and from more than one person from abu Basir who has said the following: “He (the Imam) has said, ‘If one goes to bed with the woman for the second time before paying expiation he must pay another expiation’ He (the narrator) has said that there is no differences in this issue.’”

أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ سَيْفٍ التَّمَّارِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُخْتِي أَوْ عَمَّتِي أَوْ خَالَتِي قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ الْأُمَّهَاتِ وَ إِنَّ هَذَا لَحَرَامٌ .

18. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from Sayf al-Tammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who says to his wife, ‘You are like the back of my sister, maternal or paternal aunt.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Allah has mentioned the mothers, this certainly is unlawful. ’”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ قَالَ كَتَبَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ بَعْضَ مَوَالِيكَ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا تَكَلَّمَ بِالظِّهَارِ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ حَنِثَ أَوْ لَمْ يَحْنَثْ وَ يَقُولُ حِنْثُهُ كَلَامُهُ بِالظِّهَارِ وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ عُقُوبَةً لِكَلَامٍ وَ بَعْضُهُمْ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الْكَفَّارَةَ لَا تَلْزَمُهُ حَتَّى يَحْنَثَ فِي الشَّيْ‏ءِ الَّذِي حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنْ حَنِثَ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ وَ إِلَّا فَلَا كَفَّارَةَ عَلَيْهِ فَوَقَّعَ ( عليه السلام ) بِخَطِّهِ لَا تَجِبُ الْكَفَّارَةُ حَتَّى يَجِبَ الْحِنْثُ .

19. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Mahziyar from who has said the following: “‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad once wrote to abu al-Hassan (a.s.), saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, certain ones of your followers think that if a man speaks the statement of al-Zihar, then expiation becomes due, violating the swearing or not. They say that its sinfulness and violation is in the very statement of al-Zihar and expiation is as penalty for such statement. Certain others think that expiation is not due unless swearing is violated in something about which he swears, and if he violates then expiation is due on him, otherwise, there is no expiation. He (the Imam) (a.s.), signed the answer in his own handwriting that said, ‘Expiation does not become obligatory until violation of oath occurs.”’

أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ قَالَ سَأَلَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنْ أَرْبَعِ نِسْوَةٍ فَقَالَ يُكَفِّرُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ كَفَّارَةًوَ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَ جَارِيَتِهِ مَا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا كَفَّارَةٌ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ أَوْ صِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ أَوْ إِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً .

20. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan who has said the following: “Once, al-Husayn ibn Mehran asked abu al-Hassan al-Rida’ (a.s.), about a man who formed al-Zihar about four women. He (the Imam) said, ‘He owes expiation for each one.’ He asked him (the Imam) about a man who formed al-Zihar about his wife and his slave-girl and what must he pay. He (the Imam) said, ‘For each one he must pay expiation in the form of freeing a slave or fasting two consecutive months or feeding sixty destitute people.’”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنِ الْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُمْلَكٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ فَقَالَ لِي لَا يَكُونُ ظِهَارٌ وَ لَا إِيلَاءٌ حَتَّى يُدْخَلَ بِهَا .

21. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ahmad ibn Muhammad and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from all from ibn Mahbub from Jamil ibn Salih from al-Fudayl ibn Yasar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a Mumlak (a man owned as offspring of slaves) who expresses al-Zihar (calling one’s wife as one’s mother) about his wife. He (the Imam) said to me, ‘It is not al-Zihar (calling one’s wife as one’s mother) or swearing before going to bed with her.’”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ هِيَ عَلَيْهِ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّهِ قَالَ تَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ أَوْ صِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ أَوْ إِطْعَامُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً وَ الرَّقَبَةُ يُجْزِئُ عَنْهُ صَبِيٌّ مِمَّنْ وُلِدَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ .

22. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Mu‘awiyah ibn Wahab who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who says to his wife that she is like the back of his mother to him. He (the Imam) said, ‘The expiation for it is setting free of a slave or fasting for two consecutive months or feeding sixty destitute people. For freeing a slave, a child born in Islam is sufficient.’”

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ وَ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ وَ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الْمُظَاهِرُ إِذَا طَلَّقَ سَقَطَتْ عَنْهُ الْكَفَّارَةُ .

23. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Jamil an ibn Bukayr and Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one who has expressed al-Zihar (calling one’s wife as one’s mother) about his wife, divorces her then expiation cancels out and it no more is applicable to his case.’” Ali ibn Ibrahim has said that if a man divorces his wife or takes his slave-girl out of his possession he then does not owe expiation of al-Zihar unless he goes back to his wife and returns his slave-girl into his possession. When he does so then it is not proper for him to go near them without paying the expiation.

عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّيَّاتِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنِّي ظَاهَرْتُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِي فَقَالَ كَيْفَ قُلْتَ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي إِنْ فَعَلْتِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا فَقَالَ لَا شَيْ‏ءَ عَلَيْكَ وَ لَا تَعُدْ .

24. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad al-Zayyat who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘I have expressed the statement of al-Zihar about my wife.’ He (the Imam) asked, ’How did you say it?’ I replied that it was, ‘You are like the back of my mother to me if you did so and so.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It does not have any valid effect but you must not repeat it again.’”