Al-Kāfi

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنِ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الظِّهَارُ لَا يَقَعُ عَلَى الْغَضَبِ .

25. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “Al-Rida’ (a.s.), has said, ‘Al-Zihar (calling one’s wife as one’s mother) does not take place upon anger (if expressed because of anger).”’

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مُصَدِّقِ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الظِّهَارِ الْوَاجِبِ قَالَ الَّذِي يُرِيدُ بِهِ الرَّجُلُ الظِّهَارَ بِعَيْنِهِ .

26. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ahmad ibn al-Hassan from “Amr ibn Sa‘id from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah from ‘Ammar ibn Musa who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about al-Zihar (calling one’s wife as one’s mother) which brings about the obligation. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is exactly that whereby a man wants al- Zihar.’”

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) إِذَا قَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ زَوْجِي عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي فَلَا كَفَّارَةَ عَلَيْهَاقَالَ وَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِنْ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) فَقَالَ إِنِّي ظَاهَرْتُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِي فَوَاقَعْتُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ أُكَفِّرَ فَقَالَ وَ مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ قَالَ لَمَّا ظَاهَرْتُ رَأَيْتُ بَرِيقَ خَلْخَالِهَا وَ بَيَاضَ سَاقِهَا فِي الْقَمَرِ فَوَاقَعْتُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ أُكَفِّرَ فَقَالَ لَهُ اعْتَزِلْهَا حَتَّى تُكَفِّرَ وَ أَمَرَهُ بِكَفَّارَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَ أَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرَ اللَّهَ .

27. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, ‘When a woman says, “My husband is unlawful like the back of my mother” expiation does not become due on her thereby.’ He (the Imam) said that once a man from al- Ansar (people of al-Madinah) from Banu al-Najjar came to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and said, ‘I have expressed the statement of al-Zihar about my wife, then went to bed with her before paying the expiation.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) asked, ‘What made you do so?’ He replied, ‘When I expressed the statement of al-Zihar about her I then saw her shining anklet in the moonlight and the whiteness of her leg, then I went to bed with her before paying the expiation.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) said, ‘Stay away from her until you pay the expiation.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) commanded him to pay the expiation once and ask forgiveness from Allah.’”

أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أُكَيْلٍ النُّمَيْرِيِّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَ قَالَ سَقَطَتْ عَنْهُ الْكَفَّارَةُ إِذَا طَلَّقَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُعَاوِدَ الْمُجَامَعَةَ قِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ رَاجَعَهَا قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا طَلَّقَهَا لِإِسْقَاطِ الْكَفَّارَةِ عَنْهُ ثُمَّ رَاجَعَهَا فَالْكَفَّارَةُ لَازِمَةٌ لَهُ أَبَداً إِذَا عَاوَدَ الْمُجَامَعَةَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ طَلَّقَهَا وَ هُوَ لَا يَنْوِي شَيْئاً مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَ وَ لَا كَفَّارَةَ عَلَيْهِ .

28. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar or others from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Ali ibn ‘Uqbah, from Musa ibn ‘Ukayl al-Numayriy, from certain persons of our people who has said the following: “About the case of a man who expresses the statement of al-Zihar about his wife then divorces her, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Expiation does not apply to his case when he divorces before going to bed with her.’ It was then asked, ‘What happens if he goes back to her?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If he has divorced her to escape from expiation, then goes back to her, expiation is obligatory for whenever he goes to bed with her, but if he divorced without such intention then it is not unlawful to go back to her and expiation is not due on him.’”

أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ وَ الرَّزَّازُ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ نُوحٍ جَمِيعاً عَنْ صَفْوَانَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) إِنِّي ظَاهَرْتُ مِنْ أُمِّ وَلَدٍ لِي ثُمَّ وَاقَعْتُ عَلَيْهَا ثُمَّ كَفَّرْتُ فَقَالَ هَكَذَا يَصْنَعُ الرَّجُلُ الْفَقِيهُ إِذَا وَاقَعَ كَفَّرَ .

29. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar and al-Razzaz from Ayyub ibn Nuh all from Safwan who has said that abu ‘Uyaynah narrated from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once said to abu Ja‘far (a.s.), ‘I have expressed the statement of al-Zihar about the mother of my children, then went to bed with her, then paid the expiation. He (the Imam) said, ‘This is how a faqih (scholar of law) man does; when he goes to bed he pays expiation.’”

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) رَجُلٌ ظَاهَرَ ثُمَّ وَاقَعَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ فَقَالَ لِي أَ وَ لَيْسَ هَكَذَا يَفْعَلُ الْفَقِيهُ .

30. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ‘Umar ibn ‘Udhaynah from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who expresses the statement of al-Zihar about his wife, then goes to bed with her before paying expiation. He (the Imam) said, ’Is it not the way a faqih (scholar of law) man does? 5 ”

الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الصَّيْقَلِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُظَاهِرُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ قَالَ فَلْيُكَفِّرْ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ وَاقَعَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ قَالَ أَتَى حَدّاً مِنْ حُدُودِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لْيَسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ وَ لْيَكُفَّ حَتَّى يُكَفِّرَ .

31. AI-Husayn from Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alfa’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Aban from al-Hassan al-Sayqaf who has said the following: “I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who expressed the statement of al-Zihar about his wife. He (the Imam) said, ’He must pay expiation.’ I then said, ‘He has gone to bed with her before paying the expiation.’ He (the Imam) said, ’He has come across a law of laws of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, and he must ask forgiveness from Allah and stay away until he pays expiation.’”

عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الظِّهَارُ ضَرْبَانِ أَحَدُهُمَا فِيهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ قَبْلَ الْمُوَاقَعَةِ وَ الْآخَرُ بَعْدَهَا فَالَّذِي يُكَفِّرُ قَبْلَ الْمُوَاقَعَةِ الَّذِي يَقُولُ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي وَ لَا يَقُولُ إِنْ فَعَلْتُ بِكِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا وَ الَّذِي يُكَفِّرُ بَعْدَ الْمُوَاقَعَةِ هُوَ الَّذِي يَقُولُ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي إِنْ قَرِبْتُكِ .

32. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from af-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajj aj who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Al-Zihar is of two kinds. One kind is that because of which expiation becomes obligatory before going to bed with her, and the other kind is that for which expiation becomes obligatory after going to bed with her. The first kind is that in which one says, ‘For me you are like the back of my mother’ without saying, “If I did so and so with you.” The other kind is that for which expiation becomes obligatory after going to bed with her and it is that in which he says, ‘For me you are like the back of my mother if I come near you (for sexual intercourse).”’

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْكُوفِيُّ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حُكَيْمٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) يَقُولُ إِذَا حَلَفَ الرَّجُلُ بِالظِّهَارِ فَحَنِثَ فَعَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ مِنْهُ الظِّهَارُ فِي غَيْرِ يَمِينٍ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ بَعْدَ مَا يُوَاقِعُ .

33. Muhammad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah al-Kufiy has narrated from Mu‘awiyah ibn al-Hakim from Safwan from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al- Hajj a] who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘If one swear to express al-Zihar then violates it, expiation becomes obligatory on him before going to bed with her, but if he has expressed the statement of al-Zihar without swearing, then expiation becomes due on him after going to bed with her.’” Mu’awiyah has said that this is not correct from thinking point of view. Hadith has come and our people have narrated that swearing can only take place ’by Allah’ and that is about which Quran has come.’”

مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْخَزَّازِ عَنْ يَزِيدَ الْكُنَاسِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً فَقَالَ إِذَا طَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً فَقَدْ بَطَلَ الظِّهَارُ وَ هَدَمَ الطَّلَاقُ الظِّهَارَقَالَ فَقُلْتُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ فَإِنْ رَاجَعَهَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَجِبُ عَلَى الْمُظَاهِرِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا قُلْتُ فَإِنْ تَرَكَهَا حَتَّى يَخْلُوَ أَجَلُهَا وَ تَمْلِكَ نَفْسَهَا ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ هَلْ يَلْزَمُهُ الظِّهَارُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا قَالَ لَا قَدْ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ وَ مَلَكَتْ نَفْسَهَا قُلْتُ فَإِنْ ظَاهَرَ مِنْهَا فَلَمْ يَمَسَّهَا وَ تَرَكَهَا لَا يَمَسُّهَا إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يَرَاهَا مُتَجَرِّدَةً مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا هَلْ يَلْزَمُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ شَيْ‏ءٌ فَقَالَ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ لَيْسَ يَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ مُجَامَعَتُهَا وَ لَكِنْ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَجِبُ عَلَى الْمُظَاهِرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُجَامِعَهَا وَ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُقُلْتُ فَإِنْ رَفَعَتْهُ إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ وَ قَالَتْ هَذَا زَوْجِي وَ قَدْ ظَاهَرَ مِنِّي وَ قَدْ أَمْسَكَنِي لَا يَمَسُّنِي مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَجِبَ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَجِبُ عَلَى الْمُظَاهِرِ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُجْبَرَ عَلَى الْعِتْقِ وَ الصِّيَامِ وَ الْإِطْعَامِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَا يُعْتِقُ وَ لَمْ يَقْوَ عَلَى الصِّيَامِ وَ لَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ قَالَ فَإِنْ كَانَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَنْ يُعْتِقَ فَإِنَّ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُجْبِرَهُ عَلَى الْعِتْقِ وَ الصَّدَقَةِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا وَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا يَمَسُّهَا .

34. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from ibn Mahbub from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz from Yazid al-Kunasiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a man who expresses the statement of al- Zihar about his wife, then divorces her once. He (the Imam) said, ’If he has divorced her once al-Zihar becomes void and divorce abolishes al-Zihar.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he goes back to her?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so. She is his wife and if he went back to her he will owe what a man who has expressed the statement of al-Zihar owes before they touch each other.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he allows until her waiting period ends and she becomes free of the bonds of marriage, and he then marries her; if there is expiation for al-Zihar before they touch each other. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, there is no expiation because she became stranger to him and was free of the bonds of marriage.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he expresses the statement of al-Zihar about his wife, then leaves her without touching except that he sees her naked without touching; if expiation becomes obligatory. He (the Imam) said, ‘She is his wife, his going to bed with her is not unlawful, however, what is obligatory on him is what is obligatory on those who expressed the statement of al-Zihar about their wives before going to bed with her who is his wife.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if she brings him before the Sultan and says, ‘This is my husband who has expressed the statement of al-Zihar about me and he has withheld me. He does not touch me for fear of expiation which is obligatory on those who express the statement of al-Zihar.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He (the sultan) cannot force him about the expiation of setting free of a slave or fasting for two consecutive months or feeding sixty destitute people if he is not able to set free a slave, fast for two consecutive months or feed sixty destitute people.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If he is able in setting free of a slave or fasting for two consecutive months or feeding sixty destitute people, then the Imam must make him ready for setting free a slave and charity before he touches her or after he touches her.’”