Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

5747 - وَ رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "اَلْمَيِّتُ إِذَا مَاتَ فَإِنَّ لاِبْنِهِ اَلْأَكْبَرِ اَلسَّيْفَ وَ اَلرَّحْلَ وَ اَلثِّيَابَ ثِيَابَ جِلْدِهِ".

Hadith.5747 - Hammad ibn Isa narrated from Shuayb ibn Yaʿqub from Abu Basir from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) who said: "When a man dies, his eldest son inherits the sword, the saddle, and his personal clothing."

5748 - وَ رَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبَانٍ اَلْأَحْمَرِ عَنْ مُيَسِّرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلنِّسَاءِ مَا لَهُنَّ مِنَ اَلْمِيرَاثِ فَقَالَ "لَهُنَّ قِيمَةُ اَلطُّوبِ وَ اَلْبِنَاءِ وَ اَلْخَشَبِ وَ اَلْقَصَبِ فَأَمَّا اَلْأَرْضُ وَ اَلْعَقَارَاتُ فَلاَ مِيرَاثَ لَهُنَّ فِيهِ" قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالثِّيَابُ قَالَ "اَلثِّيَابُ لَهُنَّ" قَالَ قُلْتُ كَيْفَ صَارَ ذَا وَ لَهُنَّ اَلثُّمُنُ وَ اَلرُّبُعُ مُسَمًّى قَالَ "لِأَنَّ اَلْمَرْأَةَ لَيْسَ لَهَا نَسَبٌ تَرِثُ بِهِ إِنَّمَا هِيَ دَخِيلٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ إِنَّمَا صَارَ هَذَا هَكَذَا، لِئَلاَّ تَتَزَوَّجَ اَلْمَرْأَةُ فَيَجِيءَ زَوْجُهَا أَوْ وُلْدُ قَوْمٍ آخَرِينَ فَيُزَاحِمَ قَوْماً فِي عَقَارِهِمْ".

Hadith.5748 - Ali ibn Al-Hakam narrated from Aban Al-Ahmar from Muyassir from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) who said: "I asked Imam (as) about women and what share they have in inheritance. Imam (as) said: 'They have the value of bricks, buildings, wood, and reeds, but as for land and properties, they have no inheritance in them.' I said: 'What about clothing?' Imam (as) said: 'Clothing is for them.' I said: 'How is this, while they have a specified share of one-eighth or one-fourth?' Imam (as) said: 'Because a woman has no lineage through which she inherits; she is merely an addition to them. This ruling exists so that a woman does not marry, and then her husband or the children of another people come and compete with others in their properties.'"

5749 - وَ كَتَبَ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ فِيمَا كَتَبَ مِنْ جَوَابِ مَسَائِلِهِ : "عِلَّةُ اَلْمَرْأَةِ أَنَّهَا لاَ تَرِثُ مِنَ اَلْعَقَارَاتِ شَيْئاً إِلاَّ قِيمَةَ اَلطُّوبِ وَ اَلنِّقْضِ لِأَنَّ اَلْعَقَارَ لاَ يُمْكِنُ تَغْيِيرُهُ وَ قَلْبُهُ وَ اَلْمَرْأَةُ قَدْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَنْقَطِعَ مَا بَيْنَهَا وَ بَيْنَهُ مِنَ اَلْعِصْمَةِ وَ يَجُوزُ تَغْيِيرُهَا وَ تَبْدِيلُهَا وَ لَيْسَ اَلْوَلَدُ وَ اَلْوَالِدُ كَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ لاَ يُمْكِنُ اَلتَّفَصِّي مِنْهُمَا وَ اَلْمَرْأَةُ يُمْكِنُ اَلاِسْتِبْدَالُ بِهَا فَمَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَجِيءَ وَ يَذْهَبَ كَانَ مِيرَاثُهُ فِيمَا يَجُوزُ تَبْدِيلُهُ وَ تَغْيِيرُهُ إِذْ أَشْبَهَهُمَا وَ كَانَ اَلثَّابِتُ اَلْمُقِيمُ عَلَى حَالِهِ كَمَنْ كَانَ مِثْلَهُ فِي اَلثَّبَاتِ وَ اَلْقِيَامِ".

Hadith.5749 - Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) wrote to Muhammad ibn Sinan in response to his questions: "The reason why a woman does not inherit anything from real estate except for the value of bricks and demolition materials is because real estate cannot be altered or transformed. A woman may experience a severance of the marital bond, and she herself may change or be replaced. However, a child and a parent are not like that, for separation from them is not possible. A woman, on the other hand, can be replaced. Therefore, what is subject to coming and going, her inheritance is in what can be altered and changed, as it resembles her nature. What is permanent and remains as it is belongs to those who are similar in stability and permanence."

5750 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلْأَحْوَلِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ : "لاَ يَرِثْنَ اَلنِّسَاءُ مِنَ اَلْعَقَارِ شَيْئاً وَ لَهُنَّ قِيمَةُ اَلْبِنَاءِ وَ اَلشَّجَرِ وَ اَلنَّخْلِ".

Hadith.5750 - In the narration of Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Al-Ahwal from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), he said: "I heard Imam (as) say: 'Women do not inherit anything from real estate, but they are entitled to the value of buildings, trees, and palm trees.'"

5751 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْوَلِيدِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ قِيمَةُ اَلْخَشَبِ وَ اَلطُّوبِ لِئَلاَّ تَتَزَوَّجَ فَتُدْخِلَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَنْ يُفْسِدُ مَوَارِيثَهُمْ ".

Hadith.5751 - Muhammad ibn Al-Walid narrated from Hammad ibn Uthman from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) who said: "The woman was only given the value of wood and bricks so that she does not marry and bring into the family someone who would corrupt their inheritance."

5752 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ وَ خَطَّابٍ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ اَلْهَمْدَانِيِّ عَنْ طِرْبَالٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : "إِنَّ اَلْمَرْأَةَ لاَ تَرِثُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ زَوْجُهَا مِنَ اَلْقُرَى وَ اَلدُّورِ وَ اَلسِّلاَحِ وَ اَلدَّوَابِّ وَ تَرِثُ مِنَ اَلْمَالِ وَ اَلرَّقِيقِ وَ اَلثِّيَابِ وَ مَتَاعِ اَلْبَيْتِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ" فَقَالَ "وَ يُقَوَّمُ نِقْضُ اَلْأَجْذَاعِ وَ اَلْقَصَبِ وَ اَلْأَبْوَابِ فَتُعْطَى حَقَّهَا مِنْهُ".

Hadith.5752 - In the narration of Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Riʾab and Khaṭṭab Abu Muhammad Al-Hamdani from Ṭirbal from Abu Jafar Imam Al-Baqir (as), he said: "A woman does not inherit from what her husband leaves behind of villages, houses, weapons, or animals. However, she inherits from money, slaves, clothing, and household items that he leaves behind." Imam (as) then said: "The dismantled parts of palm trunks, reeds, and doors are evaluated, and she is given her rightful share from that."

5753 - وَ رَوَى أَبَانٌ عَنِ اَلْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْمَلِكِ أَوِ اِبْنِ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ هَلْ يَرِثُ دَارَ اِمْرَأَتِهِ وَ أَرْضَهَا مِنَ اَلتُّرْبَةِ شَيْئاً أَوْ يَكُونُ فِي ذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ فَلاَ يَرِثُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئاً فَقَالَ "يَرِثُهَا وَ تَرِثُهُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ تَرَكَ وَ تَرَكَتْ".

Hadith.5753 - Aban narrated from Al-Faḍl ibn Abd Al-Malik or Ibn Abi Yaʿfur from Abu Abdullah (as) who said: "I asked Imam (as) about a man - does he inherit his wife's house and land from the soil, or is he like the woman who does not inherit anything from that?" Imam (as) replied: "He inherits from her, and she inherits from him, from everything either of them leaves behind."

5754 - مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ : "فِي اَلنِّسَاءِ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ أُعْطِينَ مِنَ اَلرِّبَاعِ ".

Hadith.5754 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Ibn Udhayna: "In the case of women, if they have a child, they are given from the inheritance of property."

5755 - وَ كَتَبَ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ فِيمَا كَتَبَ مِنْ جَوَابِ مَسَائِلِهِ: "عِلَّةُ إِعْطَاءِ اَلنِّسَاءِ نِصْفَ مَا يُعْطَى اَلرِّجَالَ مِنَ اَلْمِيرَاثِ لِأَنَّ اَلْمَرْأَةَ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَتْ أَخَذَتْ وَ اَلرَّجُلُ يُعْطِي فَلِذَلِكَ وُفِّرَ عَلَى اَلرِّجَالِ". وَ عِلَّةٌ أُخْرَى فِي إِعْطَاءِ الذَّكَرِ مِثْلَيْ مَا تُعْطَى الْأُنْثَى لِأَنَّ الْأُنْثَى فِي عِيَالِ الذَّكَرِ إِنِ احْتَاجَتْ وَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَعُولَهَا وَ عَلَيْهِ نَفَقَتُهَا وَ لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ أَنْ تَعُولَ الرَّجُلَ وَ لَا تُؤْخَذُ بِنَفَقَتِهِ إِنِ احْتَاجَ فَوُفِّرَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ لِذَلِكَ وَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ۝ الرِّجالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّساءِ بِما فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلى‌ بَعْضٍ وَ بِما أَنْفَقُوا مِنْ أَمْوالِهِمْ‌ ۝

Hadith.5755 - Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) wrote to Muhammad ibn Sinan in response to his questions: "The reason women are given half of what men receive from inheritance is because when a woman marries, she receives, whereas a man gives. Therefore, more has been allocated to men." Imam (as) continued: "Another reason for giving the male twice as much as the female is that the female is under the care of the male if she is in need, and it is his responsibility to support her and provide for her. However, a woman is not required to support a man, nor is she responsible for his expenses if he is in need. Therefore, more has been allocated to the man for this reason. This is in accordance with the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: 'Men are the protectors and maintainers of women because Allah (swt) has given one more (strength) than the other and because they spend from their wealth.'" (Surah An-Nisa 4:34).

5756 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَمْدَانَ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ اَلْوَلِيدِ عَنِ اِبْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لِأَيِّ عِلَّةٍ صَارَ اَلْمِيرَاثُ "لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ اَلْأُنْثَيَيْنِ" قَالَ "لِمَا جَعَلَ اَللَّهُ لَهَا مِنَ اَلصَّدَاقِ".

Hadith.5756 - In the narration of Hamdan ibn Al-Husayn from Al-Husayn ibn Al-Walid from Ibn Bukayr from Abdullah ibn Sinan, he said: "I asked Abu Abdullah (as), 'For what reason is the inheritance for the male equal to the share of two females?' Imam (as) replied: 'Because Allah (swt) has allocated the dowry (ṣadaq) for her.'"