Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

5729 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ أَوْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ نَصْرَانِيٍّ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ اِبْنُ أَخٍ مُسْلِمٌ وَ اِبْنُ أُخْتٍ مُسْلِمٌ وَ لِلنَّصْرَانِيِّ أَوْلاَدٌ وَ زَوْجَةٌ نَصَارَى فَقَالَ "أَرَى أَنْ يُعْطَى اِبْنُ أَخِيهِ اَلْمُسْلِمُ ثُلُثَيْ مَا تَرَكَ وَ يُعْطَى اِبْنُ أُخْتِهِ اَلْمُسْلِمُ ثُلُثَ مَا تَرَكَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وُلْدٌ صِغَارٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ صِغَارٌ فَإِنَّ عَلَى اَلْوَارِثَيْنِ أَنْ يُنْفِقَا عَلَى اَلصِّغَارِ مِمَّا وَرِثَا عَنْ أَبِيهِمْ حَتَّى يُدْرِكُوا" قِيلَ لَهُ كَيْفَ يُنْفِقَانِ عَلَى اَلصِّغَارِ فَقَالَ "يُخْرِجُ وَارِثُ اَلثُّلُثَيْنِ ثُلُثَيِ اَلنَّفَقَةِ وَ يُخْرِجُ وَارِثُ اَلثُّلُثِ ثُلُثَ اَلنَّفَقَةِ فَإِذَا أَدْرَكُوا قَطَعُوا اَلنَّفَقَةَ عَنْهُمْ" قِيلَ لَهُ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمَ أَوْلاَدُهُ وَ هُمْ صِغَارٌ فَقَالَ "يُدْفَعُ مَا تَرَكَ أَبُوهُمْ إِلَى اَلْإِمَامِ حَتَّى يُدْرِكُوا فَإِنْ أَتَمُّوا عَلَى اَلْإِسْلاَمِ إِذَا أَدْرَكُوا دَفَعَ اَلْإِمَامُ مِيرَاثَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُتِمُّوا عَلَى اَلْإِسْلاَمِ إِذَا أَدْرَكُوا دَفَعَ اَلْإِمَامُ مِيرَاثَهُ إِلَى اِبْنِ أَخِيهِ وَ إِلَى اِبْنِ أُخْتِهِ اَلْمُسْلِمَيْنِ يَدْفَعُ إِلَى اِبْنِ أَخِيهِ ثُلُثَيْ مَا تَرَكَ وَ يَدْفَعُ إِلَى اِبْنِ أُخْتِهِ ثُلُثَ مَا تَرَكَ ".

Hadith.5729 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Hisham ibn Salim from Abd Al-Malik ibn Aʿyan or Malik ibn Aʿyan from Abu Jafar (as) who said: I asked Imam (as) about a Christian man who died, leaving behind a Muslim nephew (son of his brother) and a Muslim niece (daughter of his sister), while his own children and wife were Christians. Imam (as) said: "I see that the Muslim nephew should be given two-thirds of what he left behind, and the Muslim niece should be given one-third of what he left behind, provided he does not have young children. However, if he has young children, then the two heirs must provide for the children from what they inherited from their father until the children reach maturity." It was asked: "How should they provide for the children?" Imam (as) replied: "The heir of the two-thirds share must cover two-thirds of the expenses, and the heir of the one-third share must cover one-third of the expenses. Once the children mature, the heirs are no longer responsible for their expenses." It was then asked: "What if his children embrace Islam while they are still young?" Imam (as) said: "In that case, what their father left behind should be handed over to the Imam until they reach maturity. If they remain steadfast in Islam upon reaching maturity, the Imam will give them their inheritance. But if they do not remain in Islam upon maturity, the Imam will return the inheritance to the Muslim nephew and niece, giving the nephew two-thirds of what was left and the niece one-third."

5730 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْحَمِيدِ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ نَصْرَانِيٌّ أَسْلَمَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى اَلنَّصْرَانِيَّةِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ قَالَ "مِيرَاثُهُ لِوُلْدِهِ اَلنَّصَارَى " وَ مُسْلِمٌ تَنَصَّرَ ثُمَّ مَاتَ قَالَ "مِيرَاثُهُ لِوُلْدِهِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ ".

Hadith.5730 - Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Ibrahim ibn Abd Al-Hamid who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a Christian man who accepted Islam and then reverted to Christianity and died. Imam (as) said: "His inheritance goes to his Christian children." I then asked about a Muslim who converted to Christianity and then died. Imam (as) said: "His inheritance goes to his Muslim children."

5732 - وَ رَوَى حَنَانُ بْنُ سَدِيرٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "مَاتَ مَوْلًى لِعَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقَالَ "اُنْظُرُوا هَلْ تَجِدُونَ لَهُ وَارِثاً" فَقِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّ لَهُ اِبْنَتَيْنِ بِالْيَمَامَةِ مَمْلُوكَتَيْنِ فَاشْتَرَاهُمَا مِنْ مَالِ اَلْمَيِّتِ ثُمَّ دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِمَا بَقِيَّةَ اَلْمِيرَاثِ".

Hadith.5732 - Hanan ibn Sadir narrated from Ibn Abi Yafur from Ishaq ibn Ammar from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) who said: "A servant of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) passed away. Imam Ali (as) said: 'Look and see if he has any heirs.' It was said to Him (as): 'He has two daughters in Yamamah who are enslaved.' So, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) purchased them using the deceased's wealth and then gave them the remainder of the inheritance."

5731 - رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ : فِي اَلرَّجُلِ اَلْحُرِّ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ مَمْلُوكَةٌ قَالَ "تُشْتَرَى مِنْ مَالِ اِبْنِهَا ثُمَّ تُعْتَقُ ثُمَّ يُوَرَّثُ".

Hadith.5731 - Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said that Commander of the Faithful (as) used to say regarding a free man who dies while his mother is a slave: "She should be purchased from the wealth of her son, then freed, and then she will inherit from him."

5733 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ يَتْرُكُ اِبْناً مَمْلُوكاً قَالَ "يُشْتَرَى اِبْنُهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ فَيُعْتَقُ وَ يُوَرَّثُ مَا بَقِيَ".

Hadith.5733 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Jameel who said: I asked Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about a man who dies and leaves behind a son who is enslaved. Imam (as) said: "His son should be purchased from his wealth, then freed, and he will inherit whatever remains."

5734 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اِبْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "كَانَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِذَا مَاتَ اَلرَّجُلُ وَ لَهُ اِمْرَأَةٌ مَمْلُوكَةٌ اِشْتَرَاهَا مِنْ مَالِهِ فَأَعْتَقَهَا ثُمَّ وَرَّثَهَا".

Hadith.5734 - In the narration of Ibn Muskan from Sulayman ibn Khalid, Abu Abdullah (as) said: "When a man died and had a slave woman as his wife, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) would purchase her from his wealth, free her, and then grant her inheritance."

5735 - وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "قَضَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِيمَنِ اِدَّعَى عَبْدَ إِنْسَانٍ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ اِبْنُهُ أَنَّهُ يُعْتَقُ مِنْ مَالِ اَلَّذِي اِدَّعَاهُ فَإِنْ تُوُفِّيَ اَلْمُدَّعِي وَ قُسِمَ مَالُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُعْتَقَ اَلْعَبْدُ فَقَدْ سَبَقَهُ اَلْمَالُ وَ إِنْ أُعْتِقَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ مَالُهُ فَلَهُ نَصِيبُهُ مِنْهُ".

Hadith.5735 - Abdullah ibn Al-Mughirah narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) who said: "The Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled regarding a man who claimed that a slave belonged to him and asserted that he was his son. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) ruled that the slave should be freed from the wealth of the one who made the claim. If the claimant died and his wealth was divided before the slave was freed, then the inheritance had already preceded him. However, if the slave was freed before the division of the wealth, then he is entitled to his share of the inheritance."

5736 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ فَمَاتَ وَلَدُهَا مِنْهُ فَزَوَّجَهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ فَأَوْلَدَهَا ثُمَّ إِنَّ اَلرَّجُلَ مَاتَ فَرَجَعَتْ إِلَى سَيِّدِهَا فَلَهُ أَنْ يَطَأَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ بِهَا قَالَ "لاَ يَطَؤُهَا حَتَّى تَعْتَدَّ مِنَ اَلزَّوْجِ اَلْمَيِّتِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ يَطَؤُهَا بِالْمِلْكِ مِنْ غَيْرِ نِكَاحٍ" قُلْتُ فَوَلَدُهَا مِنَ اَلزَّوْجِ قَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ تَرَكَ مَالاً اُشْتُرِيَ مِنْهُ بِالْقِيمَةِ فَأُعْتِقَ وَ وُرِّثَ " قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَدَعْ مَالاً قَالَ "فَهُوَ مَعَ أُمِّهِ كَهَيْأَتِهَا".

Hadith.5736 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Wahb ibn Abd Rabbih from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) who said: I asked him about a man who had a slave woman (umm walad) and her child from him died. He then married her to another man, and she bore him a child. Later, that man died, and she returned to her original master. I asked: "Does he have the right to be intimate with her before marrying her?" Imam (as) said: "He cannot be intimate with her until she completes the waiting period (iddah) for the deceased husband, which is four months and ten days. After that, he may be intimate with her through ownership without marriage." I asked: "What about her child from the husband?" Imam (as) said: "If the deceased husband left wealth, the child should be bought for its value and then freed, and the child would inherit. If he left no wealth, the child remains with its mother in the same condition."

5737 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "اَلْعَبْدُ لاَ يُوَرَّثُ وَ اَلطَّلِيقُ لاَ يُوَرَّثُ".

Hadith.5737 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab who said that Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "A slave does not inherit, and a divorced person does not inherit."

5738 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ يُونُسَ بُزُرْجَ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ : "لاَ يَتَوَارَثُ اَلْحُرُّ وَ اَلْمَمْلُوكُ".

Hadith.5738 - Muhammad ibn Isma'il ibn Bazi' narrated from Mansur ibn Yunus Buzurj from Jameel ibn Darraj who said: I heard Abu Abdullah (as) say: "A free person and a slave do not inherit from one another."