Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

5661 - رَوَى حَرِيزٌ عَنِ اَلْفُضَيْلِ قَالَ: سَأَلَ اَلْحَكَمُ بْنُ عُتَيْبَةَ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلصَّبِيِّ يَسْقُطُ مِنْ أُمِّهِ غَيْرَ مُسْتَهِلٍّ أَ يُوَرَّثُ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ فَأَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ "إِذَا تَحَرَّكَ تَحَرُّكاً بَيِّناً وُرِّثَ فَإِنَّهُ رُبَّمَا كَانَ أَخْرَسَ".

Hadith.5661 - Hariz narrated from Al-Fudayl who said: Al-Hakam ibn Utaibah asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a child who is born from his mother without letting out a cry - does he inherit? Imam (as) turned away from him. When he repeated the question, Imam (as) said: "If the child moves with clear movement, he inherits, for it is possible that he may be mute."

5662 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَوَّارٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ قَالَ : إِنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لَمَّا هَزَمَ طَلْحَةَ وَ اَلزُّبَيْرَ أَقْبَلَ اَلنَّاسُ مُنْهَزِمِينَ فَمَرُّوا بِامْرَأَةٍ حَامِلٍ عَلَى ظَهْرِ اَلطَّرِيقِ فَفَزِعَتْ مِنْهُمْ فَطَرَحَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا حَيّاً فَاضْطَرَبَ حَتَّى مَاتَ ثُمَّ مَاتَتِ اَلْمَرْأَةُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ قَالَ فَمَرَّ بِهَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ أَصْحَابُهُ وَ هِيَ مَطْرُوحَةٌ وَ وَلَدُهَا عَلَى اَلطَّرِيقِ قَالَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِهَا فَقَالُوا لَهُ إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ حَامِلاً فَفَزِعَتْ حِينَ رَأَتِ اَلْقِتَالَ وَ اَلْهَزِيمَةَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ "أَيُّهُمَا مَاتَ قَبْلَ صَاحِبِهِ" فَقَالُوا إِنَّ اِبْنَهَا مَاتَ قَبْلَهَا قَالَ فَدَعَا زَوْجَهَا أَبَا اَلْغُلاَمِ اَلْمَيِّتِ فَوَرَّثَهُ مِنِ اِبْنِهِ ثُلُثَيِ اَلدِّيَةِ وَ وَرَّثَ أُمَّهُ اَلْمَيِّتَةَ ثُلُثَ اَلدِّيَةِ قَالَ ثُمَّ وَرَّثَ اَلزَّوْجَ مِنِ اِمْرَأَتِهِ اَلْمَيِّتَةِ نِصْفَ اَلدِّيَةِ اَلَّتِي وَرِثَتْهَا مِنِ اِبْنِهَا اَلْمَيِّتِ وَ وَرَّثَ قَرَابَةَ اَلْمَيِّتَةِ اَلْبَاقِيَ قَالَ ثُمَّ وَرَّثَ اَلزَّوْجَ أَيْضاً مِنْ دِيَةِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ اَلْمَيِّتَةِ نِصْفَ اَلدِّيَةِ وَ هُوَ أَلْفَانِ وَ خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَلَدٌ غَيْرُ اَلَّذِي رَمَتْ بِهِ حِينَ فَزِعَتْ وَ وَرَّثَ قَرَابَةَ اَلْمَيِّتِ اَلْبَاقِيَ قَالَ فَوَدَى ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ مِنْ بَيْتِ مَالِ اَلْبَصْرَةِ.

Hadith.5662 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Hammad ibn Isa, from Sawwar, from Al-Hasan, who said: 'When Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) defeated Talhah and Al-Zubayr, the people fled in retreat. As they were fleeing, they passed by a pregnant woman on the roadside. She was frightened by them and miscarried her child, who was born alive but convulsed until he died. The woman herself also passed away shortly after. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) and his companions passed by her as she lay there with her child on the road. Imam (as) asked them about her situation, and they told him that she was pregnant and had been terrified when she saw the battle and the retreat. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) asked them: "Which of the two died first?" They replied: "Her child died before her." Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) then summoned her husband, the father of the deceased child, and allotted him two-thirds of the blood money (diyyah) for his son and gave the mother of the deceased child one-third of the diyyah. Then, he granted the husband half of the diyyah that his wife had inherited from their deceased son, and the remaining portion was given to the relatives of the deceased woman. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) also allotted the husband half of the diyyah for his deceased wife, amounting to two thousand five hundred dirhams, because she had no child other than the one she miscarried due to her fright. The remaining portion of the diyyah was given to the relatives of the deceased woman. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) ordered that all of this compensation be paid from the treasury of Basra.

5663 - رَوَى اَلنَّضْرُ بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ عَنِ اَلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : أَنَّهُ سَأَلَهُ عَنِ اَلصَّبِيِّ يُزَوَّجُ اَلصَّبِيَّةَ هَلْ يَتَوَارَثَانِ فَقَالَ "إِذَا كَانَ أَبَوَاهُمَا اَللَّذَانِ زَوَّجَاهُمَا فَنَعَمْ".

Hadith.5663 - Al-Nadr ibn Suwayd narrated from Al-Qasim ibn Sulayman, from Ubayd ibn Zurarah, who said: He asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a boy being married to a girl - do they inherit from one another? Imam (as) said: "If it was their parents who arranged their marriage, then yes, they do inherit from each other."

5664 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلْعَزِيزِ اَلْعَبْدِيِّ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يُزَوِّجُ اِبْنَهُ يَتِيمَةً فِي حَجْرِهِ وَ اِبْنُهُ مُدْرِكٌ وَ اَلْيَتِيمَةُ غَيْرُ مُدْرِكَةٍ قَالَ "نِكَاحُهُ جَائِزٌ عَلَى اِبْنِهِ فَإِنْ مَاتَ عُزِلَ مِيرَاثُهَا مِنْهُ حَتَّى تُدْرِكَ فَإِذَا أَدْرَكَتْ حُلِّفَتْ بِاللَّهِ مَا دَعَاهَا إِلَى أَخْذِ اَلْمِيرَاثِ إِلاَّ رِضَاهَا بِالنِّكَاحِ ثُمَّ يُدْفَعُ إِلَيْهَا اَلْمِيرَاثُ وَ نِصْفُ اَلْمَهْرِ" قَالَ "فَإِنْ مَاتَتْ هِيَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُدْرِكَ وَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ اَلزَّوْجُ لَمْ يَرِثْهَا اَلزَّوْجُ لِأَنَّ لَهَا اَلْخِيَارَ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا أَدْرَكَتْ وَ لاَ خِيَارَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا".

Hadith.5664 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdul Aziz Al-Abdi, from Ubayd ibn Zurarah, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said regarding a man who marries his son to an orphan girl under his care while his son is of legal age and the orphan girl has not yet reached maturity: "The marriage is valid for his son. However, if the son dies, her inheritance from him is withheld until she reaches maturity. Once she matures, she must swear by Allah (swt) that nothing motivated her to claim the inheritance except her acceptance of the marriage. Then, the inheritance and half of the dowry are given to her." Imam (as) further said: "But if she dies before reaching maturity and before the husband dies, the husband does not inherit from her because she has the right to choose (whether to accept the marriage) upon reaching maturity, while he has no such right over her."

5665 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ رِبَاطٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلْغُلاَمُ لَهُ عَشْرُ سِنِينَ فَيُزَوِّجُهُ أَبُوهُ فِي صِغَرِهِ أَ يَجُوزُ طَلاَقُهُ وَ هُوَ اِبْنُ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ قَالَ فَقَالَ "أَمَّا اَلتَّزْوِيجُ فَصَحِيحٌ وَ أَمَّا طَلاَقُهُ فَيَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُحْبَسَ عَلَيْهِ اِمْرَأَتُهُ حَتَّى يُدْرِكَ فَيُعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ قَدْ طَلَّقَ فَإِنْ أَقَرَّ بِذَلِكَ وَ أَمْضَاهُ فَهِيَ وَاحِدَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ وَ هُوَ خَاطِبٌ مِنَ اَلْخُطَّابِ وَ إِنْ أَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ وَ أَبَى أَنْ يُمْضِيَهُ فَهِيَ اِمْرَأَتُهُ" قُلْتُ فَإِنْ مَاتَتْ أَوْ مَاتَ فَقَالَ "يُوقَفُ اَلْمِيرَاثُ حَتَّى يُدْرِكَ أَيُّهُمَا بَقِيَ ثُمَّ يُحَلَّفُ بِاللَّهِ مَا دَعَاهُ إِلَى أَخْذِ اَلْمِيرَاثِ إِلاَّ اَلرِّضَا بِالنِّكَاحِ وَ يُدْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ اَلْمِيرَاثُ".

Hadith.5665 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Al-Hasan ibn Ribaat, from Ibn Muskan, from Al-Halabi, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a boy who is ten years old and his father marries him off while he is still young. Is his divorce valid if he divorces at the age of ten? Imam (as) replied: "As for the marriage, it is valid. However, regarding the divorce, his wife should remain with him until he reaches maturity. Then it should be determined whether he had indeed divorced her. If he acknowledges it and affirms it, then it counts as one irrevocable divorce (ba'inah), and he becomes one of the suitors. But if he denies it and refuses to affirm it, then she remains his wife." I asked: "What if she dies or he dies?" Imam (as) said: "The inheritance is to be withheld until the surviving one reaches maturity. Then, he must swear by Allah (swt) that nothing led him to claim the inheritance except his acceptance of the marriage, and the inheritance will then be given to him."

5666 - رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "إِذَا طَلَّقَ اَلرَّجُلُ اِمْرَأَتَهُ تَوَارَثَا مَا كَانَتْ فِي اَلْعِدَّةِ فَإِذَا طَلَّقَهَا اَلتَّطْلِيقَةَ اَلثَّالِثَةَ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا اَلرَّجْعَةُ وَ لاَ مِيرَاثَ بَيْنَهُمَا".

Hadith.5666 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab, from Zurarah, from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: "When a man divorces his wife, they inherit from one another as long as she is in her waiting period (iddah). However, if he divorces her for the third time, he has no right to take her back, and there is no inheritance between them."

5667 - رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ اَلْحَنَّاطِ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ فِي مَرَضِهِ فَقَالَ "إِذَا دَخَلَ بِهَا فَمَاتَ فِي مَرَضِهِ وَرِثَتْهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا لَمْ تَرِثْهُ وَ نِكَاحُهُ بَاطِلٌ".

Hadith.5667 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Walad Al-Hannat, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who married during his illness. Imam (as) said: "If he consummated the marriage with her and then died during his illness, she inherits from him. However, if he did not consummate the marriage with her, she does not inherit from him, and the marriage is invalid."

5668 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "إِذَا طَلَّقَ اَلرَّجُلُ اَلْمَرْأَةَ فِي مَرَضِهِ وَرِثَتْهُ مَا دَامَ فِي مَرَضِهِ ذَلِكَ وَ إِنِ اِنْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا إِلاَّ أَنْ يَصِحَّ مِنْهُ " قُلْتُ فَإِنْ طَالَ بِهِ اَلْمَرَضُ قَالَ "تَرِثُهُ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ سَنَةٍ".

Hadith.5668 - Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Jamil ibn Darraj, from Abu Al-Abbas, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: "If a man divorces his wife while he is ill, she inherits from him as long as he remains in that illness, even if her waiting period (iddah) has ended - unless he recovers from his illness." I asked: "What if his illness lasts for a long time?" Imam (as) replied: "She inherits from him for up to one year."

5669 - وَ رَوَى حَمَّادٌ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَحْضُرُهُ اَلْمَوْتُ فَيُطَلِّقُ اِمْرَأَتَهُ هَلْ يَجُوزُ طَلاَقُهُ قَالَ "نَعَمْ وَ هِيَ تَرِثُهُ وَ إِنْ مَاتَتْ لَمْ يَرِثْهَا".

Hadith.5669 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdullah (as), who was asked about a man who is on his deathbed and divorces his wife - whether his divorce is valid. Imam (as) said: "Yes, it is valid, and she will inherit from him. However, if she dies, he does not inherit from her."

5670 - وَ رَوَى صَالِحُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ بَعْضِ رِجَالِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ مَا اَلْعِلَّةُ اَلَّتِي مِنْ أَجْلِهَا إِذَا طَلَّقَ اَلرَّجُلُ اِمْرَأَتَهُ وَ هُوَ مَرِيضٌ فِي حَالِ اَلْإِضْرَارِ وَرِثَتْهُ وَ لَمْ يَرِثْهَا فَقَالَ "هُوَ اَلْإِضْرَارُ وَ مَعْنَى اَلْإِضْرَارِ مَنْعُهُ إِيَّاهَا مِيرَاثَهَا مِنْهُ فَأُلْزِمَ اَلْمِيرَاثَ عُقُوبَةً".

Hadith.5670 - Salih ibn Said narrated from Yunus, from some of his companions, from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), who said: I asked Imam (as): "What is the reason that when a man divorces his wife while he is ill in a state of harm (idrar), she inherits from him, but he does not inherit from her?" He (as) replied: "It is due to the harm. The meaning of harm here is his intention to prevent her from inheriting from him, so he was held accountable by being obligated to allow her inheritance as a form of punishment."