Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

5551 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْحَمِيدِ عَنْ سَلْمَى مَوْلاَةِ وَلَدِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَتْ : كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ حِينَ حَضَرَتْهُ اَلْوَفَاةُ فَأُغْمِيَ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا أَفَاقَ قَالَ "أَعْطُوا اَلْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ " وَ هُوَ اَلْأَفْطَسُ "سَبْعِينَ دِينَاراً" قُلْتُ أَ تُعْطِي رَجُلاً حَمَلَ عَلَيْكَ بِالشَّفْرَةِ فَقَالَ "وَيْحَكِ أَ مَا تَقْرَءِينَ اَلْقُرْآنَ " قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ "أَ مَا سَمِعْتِ قَوْلَ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ۝ وَ اَلَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ مٰا أَمَرَ اَللّٰهُ بِهِ أَنْ يُوصَلَ وَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ وَ يَخٰافُونَ سُوءَ اَلْحِسٰابِ ۝.

Hadith.5551 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Ibrahim ibn Abdul Hamid from Salma, the servant of the children of Abu Abdullah (as), who said: "I was with Abu Abdullah (as), when death approached Him (as), and he fell unconscious. When He (as) regained consciousness, He (as) said: "Give Hasan ibn Ali ibn Ali ibn Al-Husayn (who was known as Al-Aftas) 'seventy dinars.'" I said: "Will you give to a man who once raised a blade against you?" Imam (as) replied: "Woe to you! Do you not read the Qur'an?" I said: "Yes." Imam (as) said: "Have you not heard the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Glorious: 'And those who join that which Allah (swt) has commanded to be joined and fear their Lord (azj) and dread the terrible reckoning'" (Surah Ar-Ra'd 13:21).

5552 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِنَّ أَبِي حَضَرَهُ اَلْمَوْتُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَوْصِ فَقَالَ هَذَا اِبْنِي يَعْنِي عُمَرَ فَمَا صَنَعَ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "فَقَدْ أَوْصَى أَبُوكَ وَ أَوْجَزَ" قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ أَمَرَ وَ أَوْصَى لَكَ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا فَقَالَ "أَجِزْ " قُلْتُ فَأَوْصَى بِنَسَمَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ عَارِفَةٍ فَلَمَّا أَعْتَقْنَاهَا بَانَ أَنَّهَا لِغَيْرِ رِشْدَةٍ فَقَالَ "قَدْ أَجْزَأَتْ عَنْهُ إِنَّمَا مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ مَثَلُ رَجُلٍ اِشْتَرَى أُضْحِيَّةً عَلَى أَنَّهَا سَمِينَةٌ فَوَجَدَهَا مَهْزُولَةً فَقَدْ أَجْزَأَتْ عَنْهُ".

Hadith.5552 - Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Ammar ibn Marwan, who said: "I said to Abu Abdullah (as): 'My father was on his deathbed, and I said to him, "Make a will." He (my father) said, "This is my son," referring to Umar, "whatever he does is valid."' Abu Abdullah (as), said: "Your father has indeed made a will and done so concisely." I said: 'He also instructed and willed to give you such and such.' Imam (as) said: "Approve it." I said: 'He made a bequest to free a believing and knowledgeable soul, but when we emancipated her, it became evident that she was not of proper lineage.' Imam (as) said: "It has fulfilled his obligation. The example of this is like a man who buys a sacrificial animal thinking it is fat, but then finds it to be thin. It still suffices for him."

5553 - وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ اَلْحِمْيَرِيُّ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ : كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ يَعْنِي عَلِيَّ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ مَاتَ وَ جَعَلَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ فِي حَيَاتِهِ لَكَ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلَدٌ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ أَصَابَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَلَداً وَ مَبْلَغُ مَالِهِ ثَلاَثَةُ آلاَفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ قَدْ بَعَثْتُ إِلَيْكَ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ جَعَلَنِيَ اَللَّهُ فِدَاكَ أَنْ تُعْلِمَنِي رَأْيَكَ لِأَعْمَلَ بِهِ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "أَطْلِقْ لَهُمْ".

Hadith.5553 - Abdullah ibn Ja'far Al-Himyari narrated from Al-Hasan ibn Malik, who said: 'I wrote to Imam (as) - meaning Imam Ali ibn Muhammad Al-Hadi (as) - about a man who died and had, during his lifetime, given everything he owned to you. He had no children at the time, but later he had a child. His total wealth amounted to three thousand dirhams, and I have sent you one thousand dirhams. If you see fit, may Allah (swt) make me your sacrifice, kindly inform me of your opinion so I may act accordingly.' Imam (as) wrote in response: "Release it to them (the surviving children)."

5554 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ اَلْكُلَيْنِيُّ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ : كَتَبْتُ إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ جَعَلَ لَكَ جَعَلَنِيَ اَللَّهُ فِدَاكَ شَيْئاً مِنْ مَالِهِ ثُمَّ اِحْتَاجَ إِلَيْهِ أَ يَأْخُذُهُ لِنَفْسِهِ أَوْ يَبْعَثُ بِهِ إِلَيْكَ فَقَالَ "هُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا لَمْ يُخْرِجْهُ عَنْ يَدِهِ وَ لَوْ وَصَلَ إِلَيْنَا لَرَأَيْنَا أَنْ نُوَاسِيَهُ بِهِ وَ قَدِ اِحْتَاجَ إِلَيْهِ" قَالَ وَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ أَوْصَى لَكَ جَعَلَنِي اَللَّهُ فِدَاكَ بِشَيْءٍ مَعْلُومٍ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَ أَوْصَى لِأَقْرِبَائِهِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ غَيَّرَ اَلْوَصِيَّةَ فَحَرَمَ مَنْ أَعْطَى وَ أَعْطَى مَنْ حَرَمَ أَ يَجُوزُ لَهُ ذَلِكَ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "هُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ فِي جَمِيعِ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ اَلْمَوْتُ".

Hadith.5554 - Muhammad ibn Ya'qub Al-Kulayni, may Allah (swt) be pleased with him, narrated from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Muhammad ibn Isa ibn Ubayd, who said: "I wrote to Imam Ali ibn Muhammad Al-Hadi (as) asking about a man who allocated something from his wealth for you - may Allah (swt) make me your sacrifice - but later found himself in need of it. Should he take it back for himself or still send it to you?" Imam (as) replied: "He has the choice in this matter as long as he has not handed it over. And if it were to reach us, we would consider supporting him with it since he is now in need." He (Muhammad ibn Isa) further wrote to Imam (as), asking about a man who made a will, designating something specific from his wealth for you - may Allah (swt) make me your sacrifice - and also bequeathed portions to his relatives from his father's and mother's side. Then he altered the will, depriving those he had initially granted and granting to those he had initially deprived. Is this permissible for him? Imam (as) wrote in response: "He has full discretion in all of this until death approaches him."

5555 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى اَلْعُبَيْدِيُّ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ اَلْعَسْكَرِيَّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِثُلُثِهِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَقَالَ ثُلُثِي بَعْدَ مَوْتِي بَيْنَ مَوَالِيَّ وَ مَوْلَيَاتِي وَ لِأَبِيهِ مَوَالٍ يُدْخَلُونَ مَوَالِي أَبِيهِ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ بِمَا يُسَمَّوْنَ مَوَالِيَهُ أَمْ لاَ يُدْخَلُونَ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "لاَ يُدْخَلُونَ".

Hadith.5555 - Muhammad ibn Isa Al-Ubaydi narrated from Al-Hasan ibn Rashid, who said: "I asked Imam Hasan ibn Ali Al-Askari (as), about a man who bequeathed one-third of his wealth after his death, saying, "My one-third after my death is to be divided among my male and female servants." This man also had servants inherited from his father. Should the servants of his father be included in this bequest, being considered part of his servants, or should they not be included? Imam (as) wrote in response: "They are not to be included."

5556 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ كَتَبَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ بِلاَلٍ إِلَى أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ يَعْنِي عَلِيَّ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : يَهُودِيٌّ مَاتَ وَ أَوْصَى لِدُيَّانِهِ بِشَيْءٍ أَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَخْذِهِ هَلْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ آخُذَهُ فَأَدْفَعَهُ إِلَى مَوَالِيكَ أَوْ أُنْفِذُهُ فِيمَا أَوْصَى بِهِ اَلْيَهُودِيُّ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "أَوْصِلْهُ إِلَيَّ وَ عَرِّفْنِيهِ لِأُنْفِذَهُ فِيمَا يَنْبَغِي إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى".

Hadith.5556 - Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya narrated, saying: Muhammad ibn Isa reported from Muhammad ibn Muhammad that Ali ibn Bilal wrote to Abu Al-Hasan, meaning Imam Ali ibn Muhammad Al-Hadi (as), regarding a Jew who passed away. The Jew had made a will assigning something to his creditor. Ali ibn Bilal asked: 'Am I permitted to take it and give it to your followers, or should I execute the bequest as the Jew had specified?' Imam (as) wrote in response: 'Send it to me and inform me about it so that I may execute it in the proper manner, if Allah (swt) wills.'"

5557 - وَ رَوَى اَلسَّكُونِيُّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ أَقَرَّ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَقَالَ لِفُلاَنٍ وَ فُلاَنٍ لِأَحَدِهِمَا عِنْدِي أَلْفُ دِرْهَمٍ ثُمَّ مَاتَ عَلَى تِلْكَ اَلْحَالِ فَقَالَ "أَيُّهُمَا أَقَامَ اَلْبَيِّنَةَ فَلَهُ اَلْمَالُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُقِمْ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمَا اَلْبَيِّنَةَ فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ".

Hadith.5557 - Al-Sakuni narrated through his chain of transmission that the Commander of the Faithful (as), peace be upon him, said regarding a man who, on his deathbed, confessed; "So-and-so and so-and-so each have a claim of one thousand dirhams against me," and then he died in that state. Imam (as) said: "Whoever among them provides evidence has the right to the money. But if neither of them provides evidence, the money is to be divided equally between them."

5558 - وَ رَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَمْزَةَ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ فِي بَلَدِنَا رُبَّمَا أُوصِيَ بِالْمَالِ، لآِلِ مُحَمَّدٍ فَيَأْتُونِّي بِهِ فَأَكْرَهُ أَنْ أَحْمِلَهُ إِلَيْكَ حَتَّى أَسْتَأْمِرَكَ فَقَالَ "لاَ تَأْتِنِي بِهِ وَ لاَ تَعَرَّضْ لَهُ".

Hadith.5558 - Ali ibn Mahziyar narrated from Ahmad ibn Hamzah, who said: I said to Imam (as): 'In our town, sometimes people bequeath wealth to the family of Muhammad (sw), and they bring it to me. However, I hesitate to deliver it to you until I seek your permission.' Imam (as) replied: "Do not bring it to me, and do not involve yourself with it."

5559 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : أَوْصَى رَجُلٌ بِثَلاَثِينَ دِينَاراً لِوُلْدِ فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ فَأَتَى بِهَا اَلرَّجُلُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "اِدْفَعْهَا إِلَى فُلاَنٍ شَيْخٍ مِنْ وُلْدِ فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا اَلسَّلاَمُ " وَ كَانَ مُعِيلاً مُقِلاًّ فَقَالَ لَهُ اَلرَّجُلُ إِنَّمَا أَوْصَى بِهَا اَلرَّجُلُ لِوُلْدِ فَاطِمَةَ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "إِنَّهَا لاَ تَقَعُ مِنْ وُلْدِ فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ هِيَ تَقَعُ مِنْ هَذَا اَلرَّجُلِ وَ لَهُ عِيَالٌ".

Hadith.5559 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Hammad ibn Uthman from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: 'A man bequeathed thirty dinars to the descendants of Sayyidah Fatimah {s.a}, peace be upon her. The man brought the money to Abu Abdullah (as), who said: "Give it to such-and-such an elder from the descendants of Sayyidah Fatimah {s.a}, peace be upon her," and that man was poor and struggling to provide for his family. The man responded: "But the deceased specifically bequeathed it to the descendants of Sayyidah Fatimah {s.a}." Abu Abdullah (as) replied: "It will not have the same impact on the descendants of Sayyidah Fatimah {s.a} in general, but it will have a meaningful impact on this man, for he has a family to support."

5560 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنْ بُرَيْدِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ رَجُلاً أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ فَسَأَلْتُهُ أَنْ يُشْرِكَ مَعِي ذَا قَرَابَةٍ لَهُ فَفَعَلَ وَ ذَكَرَ اَلَّذِي أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ أَنَّ لَهُ قِبَلَ اَلَّذِي أَشْرَكَهُ فِي اَلْوَصِيَّةِ خَمْسِينَ وَ مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ وَ عِنْدَهُ رَهْنٌ بِهَا جَامٌ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ فَلَمَّا هَلَكَ اَلرَّجُلُ أَنْشَأَ اَلْوَصِيُّ يَدَّعِي أَنَّ لَهُ قِبَلَهُ أَكْرَارَ حِنْطَةٍ قَالَ "إِنْ أَقَامَ اَلْبَيِّنَةَ وَ إِلاَّ فَلاَ شَيْءَ لَهُ" قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ أَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِمَّا فِي يَدِهِ شَيْئاً قَالَ "لاَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ" قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلاً اِعْتَدَى عَلَيْهِ فَأَخَذَ مَالَهُ فَقَدَرَ عَلَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ مَالِهِ مَا أَخَذَ أَ يَحِلُّ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ "إِنَّ هَذَا لَيْسَ مِثْلَ هَذَا".

Hadith.5560 - Ibn Faddal narrated from Ali ibn Uqbah from Burayd ibn Mu'awiyah from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: I said to Imam (as): "A man appointed me as his executor, and I asked him to appoint a relative of his to share the responsibility with me, and he agreed. The one who appointed me mentioned that the co-executor owed him one hundred and fifty dirhams and that he had a silver cup as collateral for this debt. When the man passed away, the co-executor began to claim that he was owed sacks of wheat instead." Abu Abdullah (as), said: "If he brings proof, then his claim is valid; otherwise, he has no right to anything." I asked: "Is it permissible for him to take anything from what is in his possession?" Imam (as) replied: "It is not permissible for him." I then asked: "What if someone wrongfully took his wealth, and he found the opportunity to take back from that person's wealth the equivalent of what was taken from him - would that be permissible?" Imam (as) replied: "This is not the same as that."