Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

5502 - وَ رَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : "فَلْيَشْتَرُوا مِنْ عُرْضِ اَلنَّاسِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ نَاصِبِيّاً ".

Hadith.5502 - Ali ibn Abi Hamzah narrated from Imam (as) that he said: "Then let them purchase from among the general people as long as he is not a Naṣibi (one who harbors enmity towards the Ahl Al-Bayt (as))."

5503 - وَ رَوَى أَبَانُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ عَنِ اَلشَّيْخِ يَعْنِي مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : "إِنَّ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ سِتِّينَ مَمْلُوكاً فَأَعْتَقَ ثُلُثَهُمْ فَأَقْرَعْتُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَ أَعْتَقْتُ اَلثُّلُثَ".

Hadith.5503 - Aban ibn Uthman narrated from Muhammad ibn Marwan from the Shaykh, meaning Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as), from his father, Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), peace be upon them both, that Imam (as) said: "Indeed, Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), passed away and left sixty servants. He freed one-third of them, then I drew lots among the remaining ones and freed another one-third."

5504 - وَ رَوَى اَلْقَاسِمُ مُحَمَّدٌ اَلْجَوْهَرِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ مُحَرَّرَةٍ كَانَ أَعْتَقَهَا أَخِي وَ قَدْ كَانَتْ تَخْدُمُ اَلْجَوَارِيَ وَ كَانَتْ فِي عِيَالِهِ فَأَوْصَانِي أَنْ أُنْفِقَ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ اَلْوَسَطِ فَقَالَ "إِنْ كَانَتْ مَعَ اَلْجَوَارِي وَ أَقَامَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَنْفِقْ عَلَيْهَا وَ اِتَّبِعْ وَصِيَّتَهُ".

Hadith.5504 - Al-Qasim Muhammad Al-Jawhari narrated from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah from Abu Basir, who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), about a freed woman whom my brother had emancipated. She used to serve the maidservants and was living among his family. He had instructed me to spend on her moderately. Abu Jafar (as), said: "If she remained with the maidservants and continued serving them, then spend on her and follow his will."

5505 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى أَنْ يُعْتَقَ عَنْهُ نَسَمَةٌ مِنْ ثُلُثِهِ بِخَمْسِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَاشْتَرَى اَلْوَصِيُّ نَسَمَةً بِأَقَلَّ مِنْ خَمْسِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ فَضَلَتْ فَضْلَةٌ فَمَا تَرَى فِي اَلْفَضْلَةِ قَالَ "تُدْفَعُ إِلَى اَلنَّسَمَةِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تُعْتَقَ ثُمَّ تُعْتَقُ عَنِ اَلْمَيِّتِ".

Hadith.5505 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Ayyub from Sama'ah, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who had made a will that a soul be freed on his behalf from one-third of his wealth with five hundred dirhams. The executor of the will bought a soul for less than five hundred, and some amount remained. What do you say about the remaining amount? Imam (as) said: "It should be given to the purchased soul before it is freed, and then it should be freed on behalf of the deceased."

5506 - رَوَى عَاصِمُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "قَضَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي مُكَاتَبٍ كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ اِمْرَأَةٌ حُرَّةٌ فَأَوْصَتْ لَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهَا بِوَصِيَّةٍ فَقَالَ "أَهْلُ اَلْمِيرَاثِ لاَ تَجُوزُ وَصِيَّتُهَا لَهُ إِنَّهُ مُكَاتَبٌ لَمْ يُعْتَقْ" فَقَضَى عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "أَنَّهُ يَرِثُ بِحِسَابِ مَا أُعْتِقَ مِنْهُ وَ يَجُوزُ لَهُ مِنَ اَلْوَصِيَّةِ بِحِسَابِ مَا أُعْتِقَ مِنْهُ" وَ قَضَى عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي مُكَاتَبٍ أُوصِيَ لَهُ بِوَصِيَّةٍ وَ قَدْ قَضَى نِصْفَ مَا عَلَيْهِ فَأَجَازَ لَهُ نِصْفَ اَلْوَصِيَّةِ وَ قَضَى فِي مُكَاتَبٍ قَضَى رُبُعَ مَا عَلَيْهِ فَأُوصِيَ لَهُ بِوَصِيَّةٍ فَأَجَازَ لَهُ رُبُعَ اَلْوَصِيَّةِ وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى لِمُكَاتَبَتِهِ وَ قَدْ قَضَتْ سُدُسَ مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهَا فَأَجَازَ لَهَا بِحِسَابِ مَا أُعْتِقَ مِنْهَا".

Hadith.5506 - Asim ibn Humayd narrated from Muhammad ibn Qays from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: "The Commander of the Faithful (as), peace be upon him, ruled concerning a contracted slave (mukatab) who was married to a free woman. She made a bequest for him at the time of her death. Imam (as) said: 'The people entitled to inheritance cannot have her will executed for him because he is a mukatab who has not been freed.' Then Imam (as), peace be upon him, ruled that he would inherit in proportion to what had been freed of him and that the will for him would be valid in proportion to what had been freed of him." Imam (as) also ruled regarding a mukatab for whom a will had been made, and he had paid half of what was due upon him, that half of the will was valid for him. Imam (as) also ruled regarding a mukatab who had paid a quarter of what was due upon him and for whom a will had been made, that a quarter of the will was valid for him. Imam (as) said about a man who made a will for his female mukatabah and she had paid one-sixth of what was due upon her, that the will was valid for her in proportion to what had been freed of her.

5507 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ وَ لَهُ مِنْهَا غُلاَمٌ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ اَلْوَفَاةُ أَوْصَى لَهَا بِأَلْفَيْ دِرْهَمٍ أَوْ بِأَكْثَرَ لِلْوَرَثَةِ أَنْ يَسْتَرِقُّوهَا فَقَالَ "لاَ بَلْ تُعْتَقُ مِنْ ثُلُثِ اَلْمَيِّتِ وَ تُعْطَى مَا أَوْصَى لَهَا بِهِ".

Hadith.5507 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Jamil ibn Salih from Abu Ubaydah, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who had a slave woman with whom he had a son. When death approached him, he bequeathed for her two thousand dirhams or more and instructed his heirs to enslave her. Imam (as) said: "No, rather she should be freed from one-third of the deceased's estate and given what he had bequeathed for her."

5508 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ اَلْبَزَنْطِيِّ قَالَ : نَسَخْتُ مِنْ كِتَابٍ بِخَطِّ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فُلاَنٌ مَوْلاَكَ تُوُفِّيَ اِبْنُ أَخٍ لَهُ فَتَرَكَ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ لَهُ لَيْسَ لَهَا وَلَدٌ وَ أَوْصَى لَهَا بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ هَلْ تَجُوزُ اَلْوَصِيَّةُ وَ هَلْ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا عِتْقٌ وَ مَا حَالُهَا رَأْيَكَ فَدَتْكَ نَفْسِي فِي ذَلِكَ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "تُعْتَقُ مِنَ اَلثُّلُثِ وَ لَهَا اَلْوَصِيَّةُ".

Hadith.5508 - It was narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr Al-Bazanti, who said: I copied from a book in the handwriting of Abu Al-Hasan (as): "A certain person, your master, passed away, leaving behind a paternal nephew who also passed away. The nephew left behind an umm walad (a concubine who bore him no children) and bequeathed to her a thousand dirhams. Does the bequest hold validity, and does she receive emancipation? What is her status? May I be your ransom, I seek your opinion on this matter." Imam (as) wrote back: "She is to be freed from one-third (of the estate), and she has the bequest."

5509 - رَوَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنِ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى لِرَجُلٍ بِسَيْفٍ وَ كَانَ فِي جَفْنٍ وَ عَلَيْهِ حِلْيَةٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ اَلْوَرَثَةُ إِنَّمَا لَكَ اَلنَّصْلُ وَ لَيْسَ لَكَ اَلسَّيْفُ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَلِ اَلسَّيْفُ بِمَا فِيهِ لَهُ" قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ أَوْصَى بِصُنْدُوقٍ لِرَجُلٍ وَ كَانَ فِيهِ مَالٌ فَقَالَ اَلْوَرَثَةُ إِنَّمَا لَكَ اَلصُّنْدُوقُ وَ لَيْسَ لَكَ اَلْمَالُ فَقَالَ "اَلصُّنْدُوقُ بِمَا فِيهِ لَهُ".

Hadith.5509 - Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr narrated from Abu Jamilah from Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as), who said: I asked him about a man who bequeathed a sword to another man, and the sword was in its sheath and adorned with decorations. The heirs said to him, "Only the blade belongs to you, not the sword (with its accessories)." Imam (as) said: "No, rather the sword with everything it contains belongs to him." I said to Imam (as): "A man bequeathed a box to another man, and there was money inside it. The heirs said: 'Only the box belongs to you, not the money.'" Imam (as) said: "The box with everything it contains belongs to him."

5510 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ هِلاَلٍ عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ هَذِهِ اَلسَّفِينَةُ لِفُلاَنٍ وَ لَمْ يُسَمِّ مَا فِيهَا وَ فِيهَا طَعَامٌ أَ يُعْطَاهَا اَلرَّجُلُ وَ مَا فِيهَا قَالَ "هِيَ لِلَّذِي أَوْصَى لَهُ بِهَا إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ صَاحِبُهَا اِسْتَثْنَى مَا فِيهَا وَ لَيْسَ لِلْوَرَثَةِ شَيْءٌ ".

Hadith.5510 - Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn narrated from Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Hilal from Uqbah ibn Khalid from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: I asked Imam (as) about a man who said: "This ship belongs to so-and-so," without specifying what was inside it, and there was food in it. Should the man be given the ship and what is inside it? Imam (as) said: "It belongs to the one to whom it was bequeathed, unless its owner explicitly excluded what was inside it. The heirs have no claim over it."

5511 - رَوَى زُرْعَةُ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ بَنُونَ وَ بَنَاتٌ صِغَارٌ وَ كِبَارٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَصِيَّةٍ وَ لَهُ خَدَمٌ وَ مَمَالِيكُ وَ عُقَدٌ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ اَلْوَرَثَةُ بِقِسْمَةِ ذَلِكَ اَلْمِيرَاثِ قَالَ "إِنْ قَامَ رَجُلٌ ثِقَةٌ قَاسَمَهُمْ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ فَلاَ بَأْسَ".

Hadith.5511 - Zur'ah narrated from Sama'ah, who said: I asked Imam (as) about a man who died and left behind sons and daughters, both young and old, without leaving a will. He also had servants, slaves, and jewelry. How should the heirs divide that inheritance? Imam (as) said: "If a trustworthy man undertakes the division of all that among them, then there is no harm in it."