Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

5492 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ قَالَ : سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ وَ مَعَهُ جَارِيَةٌ لَهُ وَ غُلاَمَانِ مَمْلُوكَانِ فَقَالَ لَهُمَا أَنْتُمَا أَحْرَارٌ لِوَجْهِ اَللَّهِ فَاشْهَدَا أَنَّ مَا فِي بَطْنِ جَارِيَتِي هَذِهِ مِنِّي فَوَلَدَتْ غُلاَماً فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا عَلَى اَلْوَرَثَةِ أَنْكَرُوا ذَلِكَ وَ اِسْتَرَقُّوهُمْ ثُمَّ إِنَّ اَلْغُلاَمَيْنِ أُعْتِقَا بَعْدُ فَشَهِدَا بَعْدَ مَا أُعْتِقَا أَنَّ مَوْلَيهُمَا اَلْأَوَّلَ أَشْهَدَهُمَا أَنَّ مَا فِي بَطْنِ جَارِيَتِهِ مِنْهُ قَالَ "تَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُمَا لِلْغُلاَمِ وَ لاَ يَسْتَرِقَّهُمَا اَلْغُلاَمُ اَلَّذِي شَهِدَا لَهُ لِأَنَّهُمَا أَثْبَتَا نَسَبَهُ".

Hadith.5492 - Al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Faddal narrated from Dawud ibn Farqad who said: Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked about a man who was on a journey with a female slave and two male servant slaves. The man said to the two male slaves, "You both are free for the sake of Allah (swt). Bear witness that what is in the womb of this bondwoman is from me." Later, the bondwoman gave birth to a boy. When they returned to the man's heirs, the heirs denied the claim and enslaved the boy and the two male servants. Afterward, the two male slaves were emancipated, and after their emancipation, they testified that their former master had made them witness that the child in the womb of the bondwoman was indeed his child. Imam Jafar Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Their testimony is valid in favor of the boy, and the boy cannot enslave them because they have established his lineage."

5493 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنْ حُمْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ وَ قَالَ أَعْتِقْ فُلاَناً وَ فُلاَناً وَ فُلاَناً حَتَّى ذَكَرَ خَمْسَةً فَنُظِرَ فِي ثُلُثِهِ فَلَمْ يَبْلُغْ ثُلُثُهُ أَثْمَانَ قِيمَةِ اَلْمَمَالِيكِ اَلْخَمْسَةِ اَلَّذِينَ أَمَرَ بِعِتْقِهِمْ قَالَ "يُنْظَرُ إِلَى اَلَّذِينَ سَمَّاهُمْ وَ بَدَأَ بِعِتْقِهِمْ فَيُقَوَّمُونَ وَ يُنْظَرُ إِلَى ثُلُثِهِ فَيُعْتَقُ مِنْهُ أَوَّلُ شَيْءٍ ذَكَرَ ثُمَّ اَلثَّانِي وَ اَلثَّالِثُ ثُمَّ اَلرَّابِعُ ثُمَّ اَلْخَامِسُ فَإِنْ عَجَزَ اَلثُّلُثُ كَانَ فِي اَلَّذِي سَمَّى آخِراً لِأَنَّهُ أَعْتَقَ بَعْدَ مَبْلَغِ اَلثُّلُثِ بِمَا لاَ يَمْلِكُ فَلاَ يَجُوزُ لَهُ ذَلِكَ".

Hadith.5493 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Jamilah from Humran from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) regarding a man who, on his deathbed, made a will saying, "Free so-and-so, and so-and-so, and so-and-so," until he mentioned five individuals. When his estate was assessed, it was found that one-third of his wealth was not enough to cover the value of the five slaves he had ordered to be freed. Imam (as) said: "The individuals he named should be evaluated according to their order of mention, starting with the first. They should be valued, and their emancipation should proceed from the first he mentioned, then the second, the third, the fourth, and finally the fifth. If the one-third of the estate runs out before reaching the last, then the last named does not get freed because the man ordered their emancipation beyond the limit of what he lawfully owned, and thus it is not permissible."

5494 - وَ رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ بْنُ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ حَضَرَهُ اَلْمَوْتُ فَأَعْتَقَ غُلاَمَهُ وَ أَوْصَى بِوَصِيَّةٍ فَكَانَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ اَلثُّلُثِ قَالَ "يُمْضَى عِتْقُ اَلْغُلاَمِ وَ يَكُونُ اَلنُّقْصَانُ فِيمَا بَقِيَ".

Hadith.5494 - Al-Alaa ibn Razin narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) who said: I asked Imam (as) about a man who, when death approached him, freed his slave and made a will, but the total of his bequests exceeded one-third of his estate. Imam (as) replied: "The emancipation of the slave is to be carried out, and any reduction should be applied to what remains (of the bequests beyond the one-third limit)."

5495 - وَ رَوَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَبِي هَمَّامٍ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ هَمَّامٍ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ بِمَالٍ لِذَوِي قَرَابَتِهِ وَ أَعْتَقَ مَمْلُوكاً فَكَانَ جَمِيعُ مَا أَوْصَى بِهِ يَزِيدُ عَلَى اَلثُّلُثِ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ فَقَالَ "يُبْدَأُ بِالْعِتْقِ فَيُنْفَذُ".

Hadith.5495 - Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa narrated from Abu Hammam Ismail ibn Hammam from Abu Al-Hasan (as) regarding a man who, at the time of his death, made a will bequeathing wealth to his relatives and also freed a slave. However, the total of what he bequeathed exceeded one-third of his estate. He was asked how this should be handled concerning his will. Imam (as) replied: "The emancipation (of the slave) should be carried out first."

5496 - وَ رَوَى اَلنَّضْرُ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَادٍّ عَنِ اَلْجَازِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ تُوُفِّيَ فَتَرَكَ جَارِيَةً أَعْتَقَ ثُلُثَهَا فَتَزَوَّجَهَا اَلْوَصِيُّ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ شَيْءٌ مِنَ اَلْمِيرَاثِ "أَنَّهَا تُقَوَّمُ وَ تُسْتَسْعَى هِيَ وَ زَوْجُهَا فِي بَقِيَّةِ ثَمَنِهَا بَعْدَ مَا تُقَوَّمُ فَمَا أَصَابَ اَلْمَرْأَةَ مِنْ عِتْقٍ أَوْ رِقٍّ جَرَى عَلَى وَلَدِهَا".

Hadith.5496 - Al-Nadr ibn Shuayb narrated from Khalid ibn Maad from Al-Jazi from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who passed away and left behind a slave woman of whom he had freed one-third. The executor of his will married her before any division of the inheritance had taken place. Imam (as) said: "She should be appraised (for her full value), and both she and her husband must work to pay off the remaining value of her price after her appraisal. Whatever state - whether freedom or servitude - applies to the woman will also apply to her children."

5497 - وَ رَوَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ اَلْبَزَنْطِيُّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ تَحْضُرُهُ اَلْوَفَاةُ وَ لَهُ مَمَالِيكُ لِخَاصَّةِ نَفْسِهِ وَ مَمَالِيكُ فِي اَلشِّرْكَةِ مَعَ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ فَيُوصِي فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ مَمَالِيكِي أَحْرَارٌ مَا خَلاَ مَمَالِيكِيَ اَلَّذِينَ فِي اَلشِّرْكَةِ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "يُقَوَّمُونَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كَانَ مَالُهُ يَحْتَمِلُ ثُمَّ هُمْ أَحْرَارٌ".

Hadith.5497 - Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr Al-Bazanti narrated from Ahmad ibn Ziyad who said: I asked Abu Al-Hasan (as) about a man who was on his deathbed and had slaves solely for himself and others jointly owned with another person. In his will, he stated, "My slaves are free, except for those who are in partnership." Imam (as) wrote in response: "They should be appraised against his estate, and if his wealth can cover it, then they are free."

5498 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلنُّعْمَانِ عَنْ سُوَيْدٍ اَلْقَلاَّءِ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ اَلْحُرِّ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ اَلْحَضْرَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ أَوْصَى أَنْ أُعْتِقَ عَنْهُ رَقَبَةً فَأَعْتَقْتُ عَنْهُ اِمْرَأَةً أَ فَتُجْزِيهِ أَوْ أُعْتِقُ عَنْهُ مِنْ مَالِي قَالَ "يُجْزِيهِ" ثُمَّ قَالَ "إِنَّ فَاطِمَةَ أُمَّ اِبْنِي أَوْصَتْ أَنْ أُعْتِقَ عَنْهَا رَقَبَةً فَأَعْتَقْتُ عَنْهَا اِمْرَأَةً".

Hadith.5498 - Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil ibn Baziʿ narrated from Ali ibn Al-Nuʿman, from Suwayd Al-Qallaʾ, from Ayyub ibn Al-Hurr, from Abu Bakr Al-Haḍrami, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as), "Alqamah ibn Muhammad instructed me in his will to free a slave on his behalf, so I freed a female slave for him. Is that sufficient, or should I free another from my own wealth?" Imam (as) replied: "It suffices him." Then Imam (as) added, "Indeed, Faṭimah, the mother of my son, had instructed me to free a slave on her behalf, so I freed a female slave for her."

5499 - وَ رَوَى مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ أَوْصَى أَنْ يُحَجَّ عَنْهُ قَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ صَرُورَةً حُجَّ عَنْهُ مِنْ وَسَطِ اَلْمَالِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ صَرُورَةٍ فَمِنَ اَلثُّلُثِ".

Hadith.5499 - Muawiyah ibn Ammar narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) who said: I asked Imam (as) about a man who died and had instructed that Hajj be performed on his behalf. Imam (as) replied: "If he had never performed Hajj (was a ṣarurah), then Hajj should be performed on his behalf from the middle of his wealth. But if he was not a ṣarurah, then it should be performed from one-third of his wealth."

5500 - وَ قَالَ : فِي اِمْرَأَةٍ أَوْصَتْ بِمَالٍ فِي عِتْقٍ وَ حَجٍّ وَ صَدَقَةٍ فَلَمْ يَبْلُغْ قَالَ "اِبْدَأْ بِالْحَجِّ فَإِنَّهُ مَفْرُوضٌ فَإِنْ بَقِيَ شَيْءٌ فَاجْعَلْ فِي اَلصَّدَقَةِ طَائِفَةً وَ فِي اَلْعِتْقِ طَائِفَةً".

Hadith.5500 - And Imam (as) said regarding a woman who bequeathed her wealth for emancipation (freeing slaves), performing Hajj, and giving charity, but her wealth was insufficient: "Begin with Hajj because it is an obligation. If anything remains, allocate a portion for charity and a portion for emancipation."

5501 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِثَلاَثِينَ دِينَاراً يُعْتَقُ بِهَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا فَلَمْ يُوجَدْ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ "يُشْتَرَى مِنَ اَلنَّاسِ فَيُعْتَقُ".

Hadith.5501 - Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah who said: I asked Abu Al-Hasan (as) about a man who bequeathed thirty dinar for the emancipation of a man from among our companions, but no such person was found. Imam (as) said: "A person should be purchased from among the people and then emancipated."