Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

5419 - رَوَى هَارُونُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "مَنْ عَدَلَ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ كَانَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ مَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهَا فِي حَيَاتِهِ وَ مَنْ جَارَ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ لَقِيَ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَوْمَ اَلْقِيَامَةِ وَ هُوَ عَنْهُ مُعْرِضٌ".

Hadith.5419 - Harun ibn Muslim narrated from Masadah ibn Ṣadaqah from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: "Whoever is just in his will is like one who gave it in charity during his lifetime. But whoever is unjust in his will shall meet Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, on the Day of Judgment while He (swt) turns away from him."

5421 - رَوَى اَلسَّكُونِيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "اَلْوَصِيَّةُ بِالْخُمُسِ لِأَنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ رَضِيَ لِنَفْسِهِ بِالْخُمُسِ " وَ قَالَ "اَلْخُمُسُ اِقْتِصَادٌ وَ اَلرُّبُعُ جَهْدٌ وَ اَلثُّلُثُ حَيْفٌ".

Hadith.5421 - Al-Sakuni narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said that the Commander of the Faithful (as) said: "Bequeathing one-fifth (khums) is recommended because Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has chosen one-fifth for Himself." Imam (as) also said: "One-fifth is moderation, one-fourth is exertion, and one-third is injustice."

5422 - رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ مَا لَهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ "ثُلُثُ مَالِهِ وَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ أَيْضاً".

Hadith.5422 - Hammad ibn ʿIsa narrated from Shuayb ibn Yaʿqub from Abu Baṣir, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who dies - how much of his wealth he can bequeath. Imam (as) said: "One-third of his wealth, and the same applies to a woman as well."

5423 - وَ رَوَى عَاصِمُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ : "لَأَنْ أُوصِيَ بِخُمُسِ مَالِي أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُوصِيَ بِالرُّبُعِ وَ لَأَنْ أُوصِيَ بِالرُّبُعِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُوصِيَ بِالثُّلُثِ وَ مَنْ أَوْصَى بِالثُّلُثِ فَلَمْ يَتَّرِكْ فَقَدْ بَالَغَ" وَ قَالَ "مَنْ أَوْصَى بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ فَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ فَقَدْ بَلَغَ اَلْمَدَى".

Hadith.5423 - Aṣim ibn Humayd narrated from Muhammad ibn Qays from Abu Jafar mam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: "The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) used to say: 'To bequeath one-fifth of my wealth is more beloved to me than to bequeath one-fourth, and to bequeath one-fourth is more beloved to me than to bequeath one-third. Whoever bequeaths one-third without leaving anything behind has gone to excess.'" Imam (as) also said: "Whoever bequeaths one-third of his wealth without leaving anything has reached the limit."

5424 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ اَلْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "مَنْ أَوْصَى بِالثُّلُثِ فَقَدْ أَضَرَّ بِالْوَرَثَةِ وَ اَلْوَصِيَّةُ بِالْخُمُسِ وَ اَلرُّبُعِ أَفْضَلُ مِنَ اَلْوَصِيَّةِ بِالثُّلُثِ" وَ قَالَ "مَنْ أَوْصَى بِالثُّلُثِ فَلَمْ يَتَّرِكْ".

Hadith.5424 - In the narration of Al-Hasan ibn Ali Al-Washsha' from Hammad ibn Uthman from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), that he said: "Whoever bequeaths one-third has harmed the heirs. Bequeathing one-fifth or one-fourth is better than bequeathing one-third." Imam (as) also said: "Whoever bequeaths one-third without leaving anything behind has gone to excess."

5425 - رَوَى عَاصِمُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ : "قَضَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي رَجُلٍ تُوُفِّيَ وَ أَوْصَى بِمَالِهِ كُلِّهِ أَوْ بِأَكْثَرِهِ فَقَالَ "إِنَّ اَلْوَصِيَّةَ تُرَدُّ إِلَى اَلْمَعْرُوفِ وَ يُتْرَكُ لِأَهْلِ اَلْمِيرَاثِ مِيرَاثُهُمْ" ".

Hadith.5425 - Aṣim ibn Humayd narrated from Muhammad ibn Qays from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: "The Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled regarding a man who passed away and had bequeathed all of his wealth or most of it. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: 'The will is to be adjusted to what is customary, and the rightful inheritance must be left for the heirs.'"

5426 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُرَازِمٍ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ اَلسَّابَاطِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "اَلْمَيِّتُ أَحَقُّ بِمَالِهِ مَا دَامَ فِيهِ اَلرُّوحُ يُبِينُ بِهِ" قَالَ "فَإِنْ تَعَدَّى فَلَيْسَ لَهُ إِلاَّ اَلثُّلُثُ".

Hadith.5426 - Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Murazim from Ammar Al-Sabaṭi from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), who said: "The deceased has the most right over his wealth as long as his soul remains in him and he can express himself." Imam (as) then said: "But if he exceeds (in his bequest), he is entitled only to one-third."

5427 - وَ رَوَى هَارُونُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ اَلرَّبَعِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ اَلْأَنْصَارِ تُوُفِّيَ وَ لَهُ صِبْيَةٌ صِغَارٌ وَ لَهُ سِتَّةٌ مِنَ اَلرَّقِيقِ فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُمْ فَأُتِيَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَأُخْبِرَ فَقَالَ "مَا صَنَعْتُمْ بِصَاحِبِكُمْ" قَالُوا دَفَنَّاهُ قَالَ "لَوْ عَلِمْتُ مَا دَفَنَّاهُ مَعَ أَهْلِ اَلْإِسْلاَمِ تَرَكَ وُلْدَهُ يَتَكَفَّفُونَ اَلنَّاسَ" ".

Hadith.5427 - Harun ibn Muslim narrated from Masadah ibn Ṣadaqah Al-Rabii from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: "A man from the Ansar passed away, leaving behind young children. He had six slaves and no wealth other than them. At the time of his death, he freed all of them. When the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) was informed of this, He (sw) said: 'What did you do with your companion?' They replied: 'We buried him.' Prophet (sw) said: 'Had I known before, I would not have allowed him to be buried among the Muslims. He (the deceased) left his children to beg from the people.'"

5428 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "كَانَ اَلْبَرَاءُ بْنُ مَعْرُورٍ اَلْأَنْصَارِيُّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ بِمَكَّةَ وَ إِنَّهُ حَضَرَهُ اَلْمَوْتُ وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ اَلْمُسْلِمُونَ يُصَلُّونَ إِلَى بَيْتِ اَلْمَقْدِسِ فَأَوْصَى اَلْبَرَاءُ بْنُ مَعْرُورٍ أَنْ يُجْعَلَ وَجْهُهُ إِلَى تِلْقَاءِ اَلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ إِلَى اَلْقِبْلَةِ وَ أَوْصَى بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ فَجَرَتْ بِهِ اَلسُّنَّةُ".

Hadith.5428 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Muawiyah ibn Ammar from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), who said: "Al-Bara' ibn Marur Al-Ansari was in Medina while the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) was in Mecca. When death approached him (Al-Bara'), and while the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) and the Muslims were still praying towards Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem), Al-Bara' ibn Marur instructed that his face be turned towards the direction of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family), towards the Kabah. He also bequeathed one-third of his wealth. Thus, this practice became a Sunnah (established tradition)."

5429 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ : أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّ دُرَّةَ بِنْتَ مُقَاتِلٍ تُوُفِّيَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ ضَيْعَةً أَشْقَاصاً فِي مَوْضِعِ كَذَا وَ أَوْصَتْ لِسَيِّدِنَا فِي أَشْقَاصِهَا بِأَكْثَرَ مِنَ اَلثُّلُثِ وَ نَحْنُ أَوْصِيَاؤُهَا فَأَحْبَبْنَا إِنْهَاءَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى سَيِّدِنَا فَإِنْ أَمَرَنَا بِإِمْضَاءِ اَلْوَصِيَّةِ عَلَى وَجْهِهَا أَمْضَيْنَاهَا وَ إِنْ أَمَرَنَا بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ اِنْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى أَمْرِهِ فِي جَمِيعِ مَا يَأْمُرُنَا بِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بِخَطِّهِ "لَيْسَ يَجِبُ لَهَا فِي تَرِكَتِهَا إِلاَّ اَلثُّلُثُ فَإِنْ تَفَضَّلْتُمْ وَ كُنْتُمُ اَلْوَرَثَةَ كَانَ جَائِزاً لَكُمْ إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ".

Hadith.5429 - It is narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa from Ahmad ibn Ishaq that he wrote to Abu Al-Hasan (as), informing him: "Durrah bint Muqatil has passed away and left behind an estate consisting of portions in a certain place. She bequeathed more than one-third of her estate to our master, and we are her executors. We wished to inform our master about this matter. If you command us to carry out the will as it is, we will do so. But if you command otherwise, we will adhere to your instruction in all that you command us, God willing." So Abu Al-Hasan (as) replied in his own handwriting: "She is entitled to only one-third of her estate. However, if you, as the heirs, choose to be generous, it is permissible for you, God willing."