Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

5370 - رَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبَانٍ اَلْأَحْمَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي اَلْقَاسِمِ اَلْأَسَدِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "لَمَّا حَضَرَتِ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ اَلْوَفَاةُ نَزَلَ جَبْرَئِيلُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ هَلْ لَكَ فِي اَلرُّجُوعِ إِلَى اَلدُّنْيَا فَقَالَ "لاَ قَدْ بَلَّغْتُ رِسَالاَتِ رَبِّي" فَأَعَادَهَا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَلِ اَلرَّفِيقَ اَلْأَعْلَى" ثُمَّ قَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ اَلْمُسْلِمُونَ حَوْلَهُ مُجْتَمِعُونَ "أَيُّهَا اَلنَّاسُ إِنَّهُ لاَ نَبِيَّ بَعْدِي وَ لاَ سُنَّةَ بَعْدَ سُنَّتِي، فَمَنِ اِدَّعَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَدَعْوَاهُ وَ بِدْعَتُهُ فِي اَلنَّارِ فَاقْتُلُوهُ وَ مَنِ اِتَّبَعَهُ فَإِنَّهُ فِي اَلنَّارِ أَيُّهَا اَلنَّاسُ أَحْيُوا اَلْقِصَاصَ وَ أَحْيُوا اَلْحَقَّ لِصَاحِبِ اَلْحَقِّ وَ لاَ تَفَرَّقُوا أَسْلِمُوا وَ سَلِّمُوا تَسْلَمُوا ۝ كَتَبَ اَللّٰهُ لَأَغْلِبَنَّ أَنَا وَ رُسُلِي إِنَّ اَللّٰهَ قَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ ۝ "

Hadith.5370 - Ali ibn Al-Hakam narrated from Aban Al-Ahmari, who narrated from Abu Basir Yahya ibn Abi Al-Qasim Al-Asadi, who narrated from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: "When the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) was nearing his death, Jibril (as) descended and said: 'O' Messenger of Allah (swt), would you like to return to the world?' Prophet (sw) replied: 'No, I have conveyed the messages of my Lord (azj).' Jibril (as) repeated the offer. Prophet (sw) responded: 'No, rather [I choose] the Highest Companion.' Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), while the Muslims were gathered around him, said: 'O' people, there is no prophet after me and no tradition after my tradition. Whoever claims otherwise after this, his claim and innovation are in the Fire, so kill him and whoever follows him, for they are in the Fire. O' people, revive retribution (qisas) and uphold the right for its rightful owner. Do not become divided. Submit to Allah (swt) and be at peace so that you may be safe.' Allah (swt) has decreed: "Surely I will prevail, I and My messengers." Indeed, Allah (swt) is All-Powerful, Almighty." (Surah Al-Mujadilah 58:21)

5371 - رَوَى يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ ع قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ سَارِقٍ دَخَلَ عَلَى اِمْرَأَةٍ لِيَسْرِقَ مَتَاعَهَا فَلَمَّا جَمَعَ اَلثِّيَابَ تَبِعَتْهَا نَفْسُهُ فَوَاقَعَهَا فَتَحَرَّكَ اِبْنُهَا فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَتَلَهُ بِفَأْسٍ كَانَ مَعَهُ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ حَمَلَ اَلثِّيَابَ وَ ذَهَبَ لِيَخْرُجَ حَمَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ بِالْفَأْسِ فَقَتَلَتْهُ فَجَاءَ أَهْلُهُ يَطْلُبُونَ بِدَمِهِ مِنَ اَلْغَدِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ "يَضْمَنُ مَوَالِيهِ اَلَّذِينَ طَلَبُوا بِدَمِهِ دِيَةَ اَلْغُلاَمِ وَ يَضْمَنُ اَلسَّارِقُ فِيمَا تَرَكَ أَرْبَعَةَ آلاَفِ دِرْهَمٍ بِمَا كَابَرَهَا عَلَى فَرْجِهَا لِأَنَّهُ زَانٍ وَ هُوَ فِي مَالِهِ يَغْرَمُهُ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا فِي قَتْلِهَا إِيَّاهُ شَيْءٌ لِأَنَّهُ سَارِقٌ ".

Hadith.5371 - Yunus ibn Abd Al-Rahman narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan, who narrated from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: I asked Imam (as) about a thief who entered upon a woman to steal her belongings. After gathering the clothes, his desires overcame him, and he violated her. When her son stirred, the thief struck him with an axe he had with him and killed him. After finishing, the thief carried the clothes and was about to leave when the woman attacked him with the axe and killed him. The thief's family came the next day demanding retaliation for his blood. Abu Abdullah (as) said: "His guardians who sought retaliation for his blood must pay the blood money for the boy. The thief is liable for what he left behind - four thousand dirhams - for having forced himself upon her because he committed adultery. This amount must be taken from his wealth. As for the woman, she bears no responsibility for killing him because he was a thief."

5372 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ اَلْفُضَيْلِ عَنِ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ لِصٍّ دَخَلَ عَلَى اِمْرَأَةٍ وَ هِيَ حُبْلَى فَقَتَلَ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا فَعَمَدَتِ اَلْمَرْأَةُ إِلَى سِكِّينٍ فَوَجَأَتْهُ بِهِ فَقَتَلَتْهُ قَالَ "هَدَرَ دَمُ اَللِّصِّ".

Hadith.5372 - Muhammad ibn Al-Fudayl narrated from Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as), who said: I asked Imam (as) about a thief who entered upon a pregnant woman and killed the child in her womb. The woman then took a knife and stabbed him, killing him. Imam (as) said: "The blood of the thief is void (without consequence)."

5373 - وَ رَوَى الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ فِي رَجُلٍ رَاوَدَ امْرَأَةً عَلَى نَفْسِهَا حَرَاماً فَرَمَتْهُ بِحَجَرٍ فَأَصَابَتْ مِنْهُ مَقْتَلًا قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا شَيْ‌ءٌ فِيمَا بَيْنَهَا وَ بَيْنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَإِنْ قُدِّمَتْ إِلَى إِمَامٍ عَدْلٍ أَهْدَرَ دَمَهُ.

Hadith.5373 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan, who said: I heard Abu Abdullah (as) say regarding a man who tried to seduce a woman for unlawful relations, and she threw a stone at him, striking him in a fatal spot and killing him. Imam (as) said: "There is nothing upon her in the matter between her and Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic. And if she is brought before a just Imam, he will declare his blood to be void."

5374 - وَ رَوَى جَمِيلُ بْنُ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلرَّجُلُ يَغْصِبُ اَلْمَرْأَةَ نَفْسَهَا قَالَ "يُقْتَلُ".

Hadith.5374 - Jamil ibn Darraj narrated from Zurara, who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who forces himself upon a woman. Imam (as) said: "He is to be killed."

5375 - رَوَى يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ تَزَوَّجَ اِمْرَأَةً فَلَمَّا كَانَ لَيْلَةُ اَلْبِنَاءِ عَمَدَتِ اَلْمَرْأَةُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ صَدِيقٍ لَهَا فَأَدْخَلَتْهُ اَلْحَجَلَةَ فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ اَلرَّجُلُ يُبَاضِعُ أَهْلَهُ ثَارَ اَلصَّدِيقُ فَاقْتَتَلاَ فِي اَلْبَيْتِ فَقَتَلَ اَلزَّوْجُ اَلصَّدِيقَ وَ قَامَتِ اَلْمَرْأَةُ فَضَرَبَتِ اَلرَّجُلَ ضَرْبَةً فَقَتَلَتْهُ بِالصَّدِيقِ قَالَ "تَضْمَنُ اَلْمَرْأَةُ دِيَةَ اَلصَّدِيقِ وَ تُقْتَلُ بِالزَّوْجِ".

Hadith.5375 - Yunus ibn Abd Al-Rahman narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan, who narrated from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: I asked Imam (as) about a man who married a woman, and on the night of consummation, the woman brought in a male friend of hers and let him enter the bridal chamber. When the husband approached to be intimate with his wife, the friend suddenly attacked him, and they fought in the house until the husband killed the friend. Then the woman struck the husband and killed him because of her friend. Imam (as) said: "The woman must pay the blood money for her (male) friend, and she is to be executed for killing her husband."

5376 - رَوَى اَلسَّكُونِيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "مَنْ مَاتَ فِي زِحَامِ جُمُعَةٍ أَوْ عِيدٍ أَوْ عَرَفَةَ أَوْ عَلَى بِئْرٍ أَوْ جِسْرٍ لاَ يُعْلَمُ مَنْ قَتَلَهُ فَدِيَتُهُ عَلَى بَيْتِ اَلْمَالِ".

Hadith.5376 - Al-Sakuni narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "Whoever dies in the crowd of Friday prayer, Eid, Arafah, at a well, or on a bridge, and it is unknown who caused his death, his blood money is to be paid from the Public Treasury (Bayt Al-Mal)."

5377 - رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنِ اَلْفَضْلِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يُقْتَلُ فَيُوجَدُ رَأْسُهُ فِي قَبِيلَةٍ وَ وَسَطُهُ وَ صَدْرُهُ وَ يَدَاهُ فِي قَبِيلَةٍ وَ اَلْبَاقِي فِي قَبِيلَةٍ قَالَ "دِيَتُهُ عَلَى مَنْ وُجِدَ فِي قَبِيلَتِهِ صَدْرُهُ وَ يَدَاهُ وَ اَلصَّلاَةُ عَلَيْهِ".

Hadith.5377 - Muhammad ibn Sinan narrated from Talhah ibn Zayd, from Al-Fadl ibn Uthman, who narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who was killed, and his head was found in one tribe, his torso and arms in another tribe, and the rest of his body in yet another tribe. Imam (as) said: "The blood money is upon the tribe where his torso and arms were found, and the funeral prayer is to be performed over him."

5378 - وَ سُئِلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : عَنْ رَجُلٍ قُتِلَ وَ وُجِدَ أَعْضَاؤُهُ مُتَفَرِّقَةً كَيْفَ يُصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ قَالَ "يُصَلَّى عَلَى اَلَّذِي فِيهِ قَلْبُهُ".

Hadith.5378 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked about a man who was killed and whose body parts were found scattered. How should the funeral prayer be performed for him? Imam (as) said: "The prayer should be performed over the part that contains his heart."

قَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ أَوَّلُ الشِّجَاجِ الْحَارِصَةُ وَ هِيَ الَّتِي تَحْرِصُ الْجِلْدَ يَعْنِي تُشَقِّقُهُ وَ مِنْهُ قِيلَ حَرَصَ الْقَصَّارُ الثَّوْبَ أَيْ شَقَّهُ ثُمَّ الْبَاضِعَةُ وَ هِيَ الَّتِي تَشُقُّ اللَّحْمَ بَعْدَ الْجِلْدِ ثُمَّ الْمُتَلَاحِمَةُ وَ هِيَ الَّتِي أَخَذَتْ فِي اللَّحْمِ وَ لَمْ تَبْلُغِ السِّمْحَاقَ ثُمَّ السِّمْحَاقُ وَ هِيَ الَّتِي بَيْنَهَا وَ بَيْنَ الْعَظْمِ قِشْرَةٌ رَقِيقَةٌ وَ كُلُّ قِشْرَةٍ رَقِيقَةٍ فَهِيَ سِمْحَاقٌ وَ مِنْهُ قِيلَ فِي السَّمَاءِ سَمَاحِيقُ مِنْ غَيْمٍ وَ عَلَى الشَّاةِ سَمَاحِقُ مِنْ شَحْمٍ‌ ثُمَّ الْمُوضِحَةُ وَ هِيَ الَّتِي تُبْدِي وَضَحَ الْعَظْمِ ثُمَّ الْهَاشِمَةُ وَ هِيَ الَّتِي تَهْشِمُ الْعَظْمَ ثُمَّ الْمُنَقِّلَةُ وَ هِيَ الَّتِي تَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا فَرَاشُ الْعِظَامِ وَ فَرَاشُ الْعِظَامِ قِشْرَةٌ تَكُونُ عَلَى الْعَظْمِ دُونَ اللَّحْمِ وَ مِنْهُ قَوْلُ النَّابِغَةِ وَ يَتْبَعُهُمْ مِنْهَا فَرَاشُ الْحَوَاجِبِ‌ ثُمَّ الْمَأْمُومَةُ وَ هِيَ الَّتِي تَبْلُغُ أُمَّ الرَّأْسِ وَ هِيَ الْجِلْدَةُ الَّتِي تَكُونُ عَلَى الدِّمَاغِ وَ مِنَ الشِّجَاجِ وَ الْجِرَاحَاتِ الْجَائِفَةُ وَ هِيَ الَّتِي تَبْلُغُ فِي الْجَسَدِ الْجَوْفَ وَ فِي الرَّأْسِ الدِّمَاغَ.

Al-Asmaʿi states: The first type of head injury (shijaj) is the hariṣah, which is the one that scratches or splits the skin. From this comes the saying, "The launderer tore (haraṣa) the cloth," meaning he ripped it. Then comes the baḍiah, which is the injury that cuts through the flesh after the skin. Next is the mutalahimah, which penetrates into the flesh but does not reach the thin membrane covering the bone (simhaq). Then is the simhaq, which is the wound where only a thin layer remains between it and the bone. Every thin layer is called simhaq. This term is also used to describe thin clouds in the sky (samaʾ samahiq) and thin layers of fat on a sheep. Following that is the muḍihah, which exposes and reveals the bone. Then comes the hashimah, which crushes the bone. After that is the munaqqilah, which shatters the bone into pieces, causing fragments (farash Al-ʿiẓam) - thin layers that remain on the bone beneath the flesh. The poet Al-Nabighah referenced this in his verse: "And following them are the thin fragments of their brows." Then is the maʾmumah, which reaches the protective covering of the head (umm Al-raʾs), the membrane covering the brain. Among other types of wounds are the jaʾifah, which penetrates into the internal body cavity or, in the case of the head, reaches the brain.