Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "قَضَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي نَفَرٍ نَحَرُوا بَعِيراً فَأَكَلُوهُ فَامْتُحِنُوا أَيُّهُمْ نَحَرَ فَشَهِدُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ نَحَرُوهُ جَمِيعاً لَمْ يَخُصُّوا أَحَداً دُونَ أَحَدٍ فَقَضَى أَنْ تُقْطَعَ أَيْمَانُهُمْ".

Muhammad ibn Qays narrated from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) who said: "Commander of the Faithful (a.s) ruled in the case of a group of people who slaughtered a camel and ate it. They were investigated to determine who among them had slaughtered it, and they all testified against themselves that they had collectively slaughtered it without specifying any individual over another. So, Imam (a.s) ruled that their right hands be cut off."

وَ رَوَى يُونُسُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ سَرَقَ مِنَ اَلْمَغْنَمِ اَلشَّيْءَ اَلَّذِي يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ اَلْقَطْعُ قَالَ "يُنْظَرُ كَمِ اَلَّذِي يُصِيبُهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ اَلَّذِي أَخَذَ أَقَلَّ مِنْ نَصِيبِهِ عُزِّرَ وَ دُفِعَ إِلَيْهِ تَمَامُ مَالِهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ أَخَذَ مِثْلَ اَلَّذِي لَهُ فَلاَ شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ أَخَذَ فَضْلاً بِقَدْرِ ثَمَنِ مِجَنٍّ وَ هُوَ رُبُعُ دِينَارٍ قُطِعَ".

Yunus narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan from Abu Abdullah (a.s) who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a man who stole from the war spoils an amount that would normally require his hand to be cut off. Imam (a.s) said: "It should be examined how much his rightful share is. If what he took was less than his portion, he is to be disciplined (ta'zir) and given the remainder of his share. If he took exactly what was due to him, then there is nothing upon him. But if he took more than his share equal to the value of a shield, which is a quarter of a dinar, then his hand is to be cut off."

وَ رَوَى مُوسَى بْنُ بَكْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِكْتَرَى حِمَاراً وَ أَقْبَلَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِ اَلثِّيَابِ فَابْتَاعَ مِنْهُمْ ثَوْباً وَ تَرَكَ اَلْحِمَارَ عِنْدَهُمْ قَالَ "يُرَدُّ اَلْحِمَارُ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ وَ يُتْبَعُ اَلَّذِي ذَهَبَ بِالثَّوْبِ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ قَطْعٌ إِنَّمَا هِيَ خِيَانَةٌ".

Musa ibn Bakr narrated from Zurarah from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) who said: I asked Imam (a.s) about a man who rented a donkey and went to cloth merchants, bought a garment from them, and left the donkey with them. Imam (a.s) said: "The donkey should be returned to its owner, and the one who took the garment should be pursued. However, there is no cutting (of the hand) upon him because this is an act of betrayal, not theft."

وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "كَانَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِذَا سَرَقَ اَلرَّجُلُ أَوَّلاً قَطَعَ يَمِينَهُ فَإِنْ عَادَ قَطَعَ رِجْلَهُ اَلْيُسْرَى فَإِنْ عَادَ ثَالِثَةً خَلَّدَهُ اَلسِّجْنَ وَ أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ بَيْتِ اَلْمَالِ".

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "When a man committed theft for the first time, Commander of the Faithful (a.s) would cut off his right hand. If he repeated the theft, he would cut off his left foot. If he stole a third time, he would imprison him for life and provide for him from the public treasury."

وَ رُوِيَ: "أَنَّهُ إِنْ سَرَقَ فِي اَلسِّجْنِ قُتِلَ ".

It has been narrated: "If he steals while in prison, he is to be executed."

وَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنْ أَدْنَى مَا يُقْطَعُ فِيهِ اَلسَّارِقُ قَالَ "رُبُعُ دِينَارٍ".

Abu Abdullah (a.s) was asked about the minimum amount for which a thief's hand is to be cut off. Imam (a.s) said: "A quarter of a dinar."

وَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ: "خُمُسُ دِينَارٍ".

In another narration, it is reported: "One-fifth of a dinar."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ سَرَقَ فَقُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ اَلْيُمْنَى ثُمَّ سَرَقَ فَقُطِعَتْ رِجْلَهُ اَلْيُسْرَى ثُمَّ سَرَقَ اَلثَّالِثَةَ قَالَ "كَانَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يُخَلِّدُهُ فِي اَلسِّجْنِ وَ يَقُولُ "إِنِّي لَأَسْتَحْيِي مِنْ رَبِّي أَنْ أَدَعَهُ بِلاَ يَدٍ يَسْتَنْظِفُ بِهَا وَ لاَ رِجْلٍ يَمْشِي بِهَا إِلَى حَاجَتِهِ" " قَالَ "وَ كَانَ إِذَا قَطَعَ اَلْيَدَ قَطَعَهَا دُونَ اَلْمَفْصِلِ وَ إِذَا قَطَعَ اَلرِّجْلَ قَطَعَهَا مِنَ اَلْكَعْبِ " قَالَ "وَ كَانَ لاَ يَرَى أَنْ يُعْفَى، عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِنَ اَلْحُدُودِ".

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab from Zurarah from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) regarding a man who stole, and his right hand was cut off. Then he stole again, and his left foot was cut off. Then he stole a third time. Imam (a.s) said: "Commander of the Faithful (a.s) would imprison him for life and would say, 'I feel ashamed before my Lord (azj) to leave him without a hand to clean himself with and without a foot to walk with to fulfill his needs.'" Imam Al-Baqir (a.s) added: "When Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) would cut off the hand, he would cut it below the wrist joint, and when he would cut off the foot, he would cut it from the ankle." Imam Al-Baqir (a.s) also stated: "Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) did not believe that any of the prescribed punishments should be pardoned."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ رِبَاطٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِذَا أُقِيمَ عَلَى اَلسَّارِقِ اَلْحَدُّ نُفِيَ إِلَى بَلْدَةٍ أُخْرَى وَ إِنْ سَرَقَ رَجُلٌ فَلَمْ يُقْدَرْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى سَرَقَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى فَأُخِذَ فَجَاءَتِ اَلْبَيِّنَةُ فَشَهِدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِالسَّرِقَةِ اَلْأُولَى وَ اَلْأَخِيرَةِ فَإِنَّهُ تُقْطَعُ يَدُهُ بِالسَّرِقَةِ اَلْأُولَى وَ لاَ تُقْطَعُ رِجْلُهُ بِالسَّرِقَةِ اَلْأَخِيرَةِ لِأَنَّ اَلشُّهُودَ شَهِدُوا عَلَيْهِ جَمِيعاً فِي مَقَامٍ وَاحِدٍ بِالسَّرِقَةِ اَلْأُولَى وَ اَلْأَخِيرَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُقْطَعَ يَدُهُ بِالسَّرِقَةِ اَلْأُولَى وَ لَوْ أَنَّ اَلشُّهُودَ شَهِدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِالسَّرِقَةِ اَلْأُولَى فَقُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ ثُمَّ شَهِدُوا عَلَيْهِ بَعْدُ بِالسَّرِقَةِ اَلْأَخِيرَةِ قُطِعَتْ رِجْلُهُ اَلْيُسْرَى".

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Al-Hasan ibn Ribat from Ibn Muskan from Al-Halabi from Abu Abdullah (a.s) who said: "When the legal punishment is carried out on a thief, he is to be exiled to another town. If a man steals and is not caught until he steals again and is then apprehended, and evidence is brought against him, with witnesses testifying to both the first and the most recent theft, his hand is to be cut off for the first theft, but his foot is not to be cut off for the second theft. This is because the witnesses testified to both thefts at the same time before his hand was cut off for the first theft. However, if the witnesses had testified regarding the first theft and his hand was cut off, and then later testified about the second theft, his left foot would be cut off."

وَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "لاَ قَطْعَ فِي اَلدَّغَارَةِ اَلْمُعْلَنَةِ وَ هِيَ اَلْخُلْسَةُ وَ لَكِنِّي أُعَزِّرُهُ وَ لَكِنْ يُقْطَعُ مَنْ يَأْخُذُ وَ يُخْفِي". وَ لَيْسَ عَلَى اَلَّذِي يَسْلُبُ اَلثِّيَابَ قَطْعٌ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَى اَلطَّرَّارِ قَطْعٌ إِذَا طَرَّ مِنَ اَلْقَمِيصِ اَلْأَعْلَى فَإِنْ طَرَّ مِنَ اَلْقَمِيصِ اَلْأَسْفَلِ فَعَلَيْهِ اَلْقَطْعُ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَى اَلْأَجِيرِ وَ لاَ عَلَى اَلضَّيْفِ قَطْعٌ لِأَنَّهُمَا مُؤْتَمَنَانِ وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ إِنْ أَضَافَ اَلضَّيْفُ ضَيْفاً فَسَرَقَ قُطِعَ وَ اَلْأَشَلُّ إِذَا سَرَقَ قُطِعَتْ يَمِينُهُ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ شَلاَّءَ كَانَتْ أَوْ صَحِيحَةً فَإِنْ عَادَ فَسَرَقَ قُطِعَتْ رِجْلُهُ اَلْيُسْرَى فَإِنْ عَادَ خُلِّدَ اَلسِّجْنَ وَ أُجْرِيَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ بَيْتِ مَالِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ كُفَّ عَنِ اَلنَّاسِ رَوَى ذَلِكَ اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلاَءٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ. وَ رَوَاهُ اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَى اَلْعَبْدِ إِذَا سَرَقَ مِنْ مَالِ مَوْلاَهُ قَطْعٌ لِأَنَّهُ مَالُ اَلرَّجُلِ سَرَقَ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضاً".

Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) said: "There is no cutting (of the hand) for open and public theft, which is snatching (Al-khulsah), but I would discipline him (ta'zir). However, the one who steals and conceals what he takes is to have his hand cut off." There is no cutting (of the hand) for one who snatches clothing, nor is there cutting for a pickpocket (ṭarrar) if he steals from the outer garment. However, if he steals from the inner garment, then cutting is applied. There is also no cutting for a worker (ajir) or a guest (ḍayf) because they are entrusted. However, it has been narrated that if a guest hosts another guest who then steals, his hand is to be cut. If a paralyzed person (ashall) steals, his right hand is to be cut off regardless of whether it is paralyzed or healthy. If he steals again, his left foot is to be cut off. If he steals a third time, he is to be imprisoned for life, provided for from the public treasury of the Muslims, and restrained from harming people. This was narrated by Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Al-Alaa from Muhammad ibn Muslim from Zurarah from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s), and also by Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Abdullah ibn Sinan from Abu Abdullah (a.s). Additionally, there is no cutting for a slave if he steals from the property of his master because it is considered the wealth of the man himself, as if a part of him has stolen from another part.