Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

3898 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ اَلْكَرْخِيِّ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أُشَارِكُ اَلْعِلْجَ اَلْمُشْرِكَ فَيَكُونُ مِنْ عِنْدِي اَلْأَرْضُ وَ اَلْبَقَرُ وَ اَلْبَذْرُ وَ يَكُونُ عَلَى اَلْعِلْجِ اَلْقِيَامُ وَ اَلسَّعْيُ وَ اَلْعَمَلُ فِي اَلزَّرْعِ حَتَّى يَصِيرَ حِنْطَةً أَوْ شَعِيراً وَ تَكُونُ اَلْقِسْمَةُ فَيَأْخُذُ اَلسُّلْطَانُ حَظَّهُ وَ يَبْقَى مَا بَقِيَ عَلَى أَنَّ لِلْعِلْجِ مِنْهُ اَلثُّلُثَ وَ لِيَ اَلْبَاقِيَ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ" قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ مَا أَخْرَجْتُ مِنَ اَلْبَذْرِ وَ يَقْسِمَ اَلْبَاقِيَ فَقَالَ "لاَ إِنَّمَا شَارَكْتَهُ عَلَى أَنَّ اَلْبَذْرَ وَ اَلْبَقَرَ وَ اَلْأَرْضَ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ وَ عَلَيْهِ اَلْقِيَامَ وَ اَلسَّعْيَ".

Hadith.3898 - Al-Hasan bin Mahbub narrated from Ibrahim Al-Karkhi who said: I said to Abu Abdillah (as): "I partner with a non-Muslim (al-ilj) in such a way that the land, cattle, and seeds are provided by me, and the non-Muslim is responsible for managing, working, and cultivating the crops until they become wheat or barley. Afterward, harvest is divided, the authorities take their share, and from the remaining portion, the non-Muslim receives one-third while I take the rest." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that." I then asked: "Is he required to return to me what I spent on the seeds and then divide the remaining harvest?" Imam (as) said: "No. You partnered with him based on the agreement that the seeds, cattle, and land are provided by you, while he is responsible for the labor and effort."

3899 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ أَخِي إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ قَالَ : سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ أَرْضٍ يُرِيدُ رَجُلٌ أَنْ يَتَقَبَّلَهَا فَأَيُّ وُجُوهِ اَلْقَبَالَةِ أَحَلُّ قَالَ "يَتَقَبَّلُ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا بِشَيْءٍ مُسَمًّى إِلَى سِنِينَ مُسَمَّاةٍ فَيَعْمُرُ وَ يُؤَدِّي اَلْخَرَاجَ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا عُلُوجٌ فَلاَ يُدْخِلِ اَلْعُلُوجَ فِي اَلْقَبَالَةِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لاَ يَحِلُّ".

Hadith.3899 - Al-Hasan bin Mahbub narrated from Khalid bin Jarir, the brother of Ishaq bin Jarir, who said: Abu Abdillah (as) was asked about a piece of land that a man wanted to lease. He was asked which form of leasing (qabalah) is permissible. Imam (as) said: "He may lease it from its owners for a specified amount and for a specified number of years. He should cultivate it and pay the required tax (kharaj). However, if there are non-Muslim laborers (ʿuluj) working on it, he must not include them in the lease agreement, for that is not permissible."

3900 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي اَلرَّبِيعِ قَالَ : سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَتَقَبَّلُ اَلْأَرْضَ مِنَ اَلدَّهَاقِينِ فَيُؤَاجِرُهَا بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا يَتَقَبَّلُهَا بِهِ وَ يَقُومُ فِيهَا بِحَظِّ اَلسُّلْطَانِ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ إِنَّ اَلْأَرْضَ لَيْسَتْ مِثْلَ اَلْأَجِيرِ وَ لاَ مِثْلَ اَلْبَيْتِ إِنَّ فَضْلَ اَلْأَجِيرِ وَ اَلْبَيْتِ حَرَامٌ".

Hadith.3900 - Al-Hasan bin Mahbub narrated from Khalid, from Abu Al-Rabi', who said: Abu Abdillah (as) was asked about a man who leases land from the landowners (dahaaqeen) and then subleases it for more than what he leased it for, while also being responsible for paying the taxes required by the authorities. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that. Land is not like a hired worker or a rented house, as the profit from a worker or a house is prohibited."

3901 - وَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلاً اِسْتَأْجَرَ دَاراً بِعَشَرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ فَسَكَنَ ثُلُثَيْهَا وَ آجَرَ ثُلُثَهَا بِعَشَرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِهِ بَأْسٌ وَ لَكِنْ لاَ يُؤَاجِرْهَا بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا اِسْتَأْجَرَهَا.

Hadith.3901 - If a man rents a house for ten dirhams, lives in two-thirds of it, and subleases one-third of it for ten dirhams, there is no harm in that. However, he must not sublease it for more than what he rented it for.

3902 - وَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِسْتَأْجَرَ أَرْضاً مِنْ أَرْضِ اَلْخَرَاجِ بِدَرَاهِمَ مُسَمَّاةٍ أَوْ بِطَعَامٍ مُسَمًّى فَيُؤَاجِرُهَا جَرِيباً جَرِيباً أَوْ قِطْعَةً قِطْعَةً بِشَيْءٍ مَعْلُومٍ فَيَكُونُ لَهُ فَضْلٌ فِيمَا اِسْتَأْجَرَ مِنَ اَلسُّلْطَانِ وَ لاَ يُنْفِقُ شَيْئاً أَوْ يُؤَاجِرُ تِلْكَ اَلْأَرْضَ قِطَعاً عَلَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُمُ اَلْبُذُورَ وَ اَلنَّفَقَةَ فَيَكُونَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَضْلٌ عَلَى إِجَارَتِهِ وَ لَهُ مَرَمَّةُ اَلْأَرْضِ أَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ أَوْ لَيْسَ لَهُ فَقَالَ "إِذَا اِسْتَأْجَرْتَ أَرْضاً فَأَنْفَقْتَ فِيهَا شَيْئاً أَوْ رَمَمْتَ فِيهَا فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِمَا ذَكَرْتَ".

Hadith.3902 - Abu Abdillah (as) was asked about a man who rented land from the kharaj lands for a specified amount of dirhams or a specified quantity of food. He then subleased it, piece by piece or plot by plot, for a known price, and gained a profit over what he rented it for from the authorities without spending anything on it. Or, he subleased parts of the land while providing seeds and expenses to the tenants, resulting in a profit beyond his rental cost, and he maintained the land. Imam (as) said: "If you rent land and spend on it or maintain it, then there is no harm in what you have described."

3903 - رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي اَلرَّبِيعِ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "كَانَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ" : "إِذَا بِيعَ اَلْحَائِطُ وَ فِيهِ اَلنَّخْلُ وَ اَلشَّجَرُ سَنَةً وَاحِدَةً فَلاَ يُبَاعَنَّ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ ثَمَرَتُهُ وَ إِذَا بِيعَ سَنَتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلاَثاً فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِبَيْعِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ مِنَ اَلْخَضِرِ ".

Hadith.3903 - It is narrated from Abu Al-Rabi' who said that Abu Abdillah (as) said: "Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) used to say: If an orchard containing palm trees and other trees is sold for one year, it should not be sold until its fruits have ripened. However, if it is sold for two or three years, then there is no harm in selling it as long as there is some greenery present in it."

3904 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي اَلرَّبِيعِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ يَزْرَعُ فِي أَرْضِ رَجُلٍ عَلَى أَنْ يُشْتَرَطَ لِلْبَقَرِ اَلثُّلُثُ وَ لِلْبَذْرِ اَلثُّلُثُ وَ لِصَاحِبِ اَلْأَرْضِ اَلثُّلُثُ فَقَالَ "لاَ يُسَمِّي بَقَراً وَ لاَ بَذْراً وَ لَكِنْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِ اَلْأَرْضِ أُزَارِعُكَ فِي أَرْضِكَ وَ لَكَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا مِمَّا أَخْرَجَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِيهَا".

Hadith.3904 - It is narrated from Abu Al-Rabi', from Abu Abdillah (as), regarding a man who cultivates another man's land on the condition that one-third is allocated for the oxen, one-third for the seeds, and one-third for the landowner. Imam (as) said: "He should not specify shares for the oxen or the seeds. Instead, he should say to the landowner, 'I will cultivate your land, and you will receive such-and-such portion of what Allah (swt), the Mighty and Glorious, produces from it.'"

3905 - قَالَ أَبُو اَلرَّبِيعِ وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ يَأْتِي أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ وَ قَدِ اِعْتَدَى عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسُّلْطَانُ فَضَعُفُوا عَنِ اَلْقِيَامِ بِخَرَاجِهَا وَ اَلْقَرْيَةُ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ لاَ يُدْرَى لَهُمْ هِيَ أَمْ لِغَيْرِهِمْ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ فَيَدْفَعُونَهَا إِلَيْهِ عَلَى أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ خَرَاجَهَا فَيَأْخُذُهَا مِنْهُمْ وَ يُؤَدِّي خَرَاجَهَا وَ يَفْضُلُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ كَثِيرٌ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ إِذَا كَانَ اَلشَّرْطُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِذَلِكَ".

Hadith.3905 - Abu Al-Rabi' said that Abu Abdillah (as) was asked about a man who comes to the people of a village that has been overburdened by the authorities, making them unable to pay its taxes. The village remains in their possession, but it is unclear whether it fully belongs to them or if others have a share in it. They hand over the village to him on the condition that he pays its taxes. He takes possession of it, pays the taxes, and ends up with a significant surplus. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that, as long as such an agreement was made with them."

3906 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُزَارَعَةِ أَهْلِ اَلْخَرَاجِ بِالرُّبُعِ وَ اَلثُّلُثِ وَ اَلنِّصْفِ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ قَدْ قَبَّلَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ ، أَهْلَ خَيْبَرَ أَعْطَاهَا اَلْيَهُودَ حِينَ فُتِحَتْ عَلَيْهِ بِالْخَبْرِ وَ اَلْخَبْرُ هُوَ اَلنِّصْفُ".

Hadith.3906 - In a narration from Hammad, from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah (as), who said: I asked Imam (as) about farming partnerships with the people of kharaj lands based on a quarter, a third, or half of the yield. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it. Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) made an agreement with the Jews of Khaybar when it was conquered, granting them the land based on 'al-khabr,' and 'al-khabr' means half."

3907 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ عَنِ اِبْنِ سَيَابَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ أَسْمَعُ قَوْماً يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ اَلزِّرَاعَةَ مَكْرُوهَةٌ فَقَالَ "اِزْرَعُوا وَ اِغْرِسُوا فَلاَ وَ اَللَّهِ مَا عَمِلَ اَلنَّاسُ عَمَلاً أَحَلَّ وَ أَطْيَبَ مِنْهُ وَ اَللَّهِ لَيَزْرَعُنَّ اَلزَّرْعَ وَ اَلنَّخْلَ بَعْدَ خُرُوجِ اَلدَّجَّالِ ".

Hadith.3907 - Muhammad bin Khalid narrated from Ibn Sayyabah, from Abu Abdillah (as): A man asked Imam (as): "May I be your ransom! I hear some people saying that farming is disliked." Imam (as) said: "Cultivate and plant! By Allah (swt), people have not engaged in any work more lawful and pure than this. By Allah (swt), they will continue to cultivate crops and date palms even after the emergence of the Dajjal."