Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

3858 - وَ رَوَى رَوْحٌ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "تِسْعَةُ أَعْشَارِ اَلرِّزْقِ فِي اَلتِّجَارَةِ ".

Hadith.3858 - Rawh narrated from Abu Abdillah (as) who said: "Nine-tenths of sustenance is in trade."

3859 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "إِنَّ سَمُرَةَ اِبْنَ جُنْدَبٍ كَانَ لَهُ عَذْقٌ فِي حَائِطِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ اَلْأَنْصَارِ وَ كَانَ مَنْزِلُ اَلْأَنْصَارِيِّ فِيهِ اَلطَّرِيقُ إِلَى اَلْحَائِطِ فَكَانَ يَأْتِيهِ فَيَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ وَ لاَ يَسْتَأْذِنُ فَقَالَ إِنَّكَ تَجِيءُ وَ تَدْخُلُ وَ نَحْنُ فِي حَالٍ نَكْرَهُ أَنْ تَرَانَا عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا جِئْتَ فَاسْتَأْذِنْ حَتَّى نَتَحَرَّزَ ثُمَّ نَأْذَنَ لَكَ وَ تَدْخُلَ قَالَ لاَ أَفْعَلُ هُوَ مَالِي أَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ وَ لاَ أَسْتَأْذِنُ فَأَتَى اَلْأَنْصَارِيُّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ وَ أَخْبَرَهُ فَبَعَثَ إِلَى سَمُرَةَ فَجَاءَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ "اِسْتَأْذِنْ عَلَيْهِ" فَأَبَى وَ قَالَ لَهُ مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ لِلْأَنْصَارِيِّ فَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ مِنْهُ بِالثَّمَنِ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ وَ جَعَلَ يَزِيدُهُ فَيَأْبَى أَنْ يَبِيعَ فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ قَالَ لَهُ "لَكَ عَذْقٌ فِي اَلْجَنَّةِ " فَأَبَى أَنْ يَقْبَلَ ذَلِكَ فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ اَلْأَنْصَارِيَّ أَنْ يَقْلَعَ اَلنَّخْلَةَ فَيُلْقِيَهَا إِلَيْهِ وَ قَالَ "لاَ ضَرَرَ وَ لاَ إِضْرَارَ".

Hadith.3859 - Ibn Bukayr narrated from Zurara, from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: Samurah ibn Jundab had a date-palm tree in the garden of a man from the Ansar, and the house of the Ansari had the pathway leading to the garden. Samurah would come and enter without seeking permission. The Ansari said to him: "You come and enter while we are in a state that we dislike you seeing us in. When you come, seek permission so that we may prepare ourselves, and then we will permit you to enter." Samurah replied: "I will not do so. It is my property, and I will enter it without seeking permission." The Ansari then went to the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) and complained to him and informed him of the situation. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) sent for Samurah, and he came. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said to him: "Seek permission before entering." Samurah refused and said the same as he had said to the Ansari. The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) offered to buy the tree from him for a price, but he refused. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) kept increasing the offer, but Samurah refused to sell. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) saw this, He (sw) said to him: "You will have a date-palm tree in Paradise." Yet Samurah refused to accept this as well. Then the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) ordered the Ansari to uproot the tree and throw it to him and said: "There should be no harm and no causing of harm."

3860 - وَ رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَدْفَعُ اَلطَّعَامَ إِلَى اَلطَّحَّانِ فَيُقَاطِعُهُ عَلَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَ صَاحِبَهُ لِكُلِّ عَشَرَةِ أَمْنَانٍ عَشَرَةَ أَمْنَانِ دَقِيقٍ قَالَ "لاَ" فَقُلْتُ فَرَجُلٌ يَدْفَعُ اَلسِّمْسِمَ إِلَى اَلْعَصَّارِ فَيَضْمَنُ لَهُ بِكُلِّ صَاعٍ أَرْطَالاً مُسَمَّاةً فَقَالَ "لاَ".

Hadith.3860 - Al-Ala' narrated from Muhammad bin Muslim, from one of the imams (peace be upon them), who said: I asked Imam (as) about a man who gives grain to a miller and agrees with him to receive ten measures of flour for every ten measures of grain. Imam (as) said: "No." I then asked: "What about a man who gives sesame seeds to an oil presser and guarantees to receive a specified amount of oil for each measure?" Imam (as) said: "No."

3861 - رَوَى أَبَانٌ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ اَلْفَضْلِ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ بَيْعِ اَلْكَلَإِ إِذَا كَانَ سَيْحاً يَعْمِدُ اَلرَّجُلُ إِلَى مَائِهِ فَيَسُوقُهُ إِلَى اَلْأَرْضِ فَيَسْقِيهِ اَلْحَشِيشَ وَ هُوَ اَلَّذِي حَفَرَ اَلنَّهَرَ وَ لَهُ اَلْمَاءُ يَزْرَعُ بِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ فَقَالَ "إِذَا كَانَ اَلْمَاءُ لَهُ فَلْيَزْرَعْ بِهِ مَا شَاءَ وَ يَبِيعُهُ بِمَا أَحَبَّ ".

Hadith.3861 - Aban narrated from Isma'il bin Al-Fadl who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about selling pasture when it is irrigated by flowing water, where a man directs his water to the land, irrigates the grass, and he is the one who dug the canal and owns the water, planting with it whatever he wishes. Imam (as) said: "If the water is his, then he may plant with it whatever he wishes and sell it for whatever he likes."

3862 - وَ سَأَلَهُ سَمَاعَةُ : عَنْ شِرَاءِ اَلْقَصِيلِ يَشْتَرِيهِ اَلرَّجُلُ فَلاَ يَقْصِلُهُ وَ يَبْدُو لَهُ فِي تَرْكِهِ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ سُنْبُلُهُ شَعِيراً أَوْ حِنْطَةً وَ قَدِ اِشْتَرَاهُ مِنْ أَصْلِهِ وَ مَا كَانَ عَلَى أَرْبَابِهِ مِنْ خَرَاجٍ فَهُوَ عَلَى اَلْعِلْجِ فَقَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ اِشْتَرَطَ حِينَ اِشْتَرَاهُ إِنْ شَاءَ قَطَعَهُ قَصِيلاً وَ إِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ كَمَا هُوَ حَتَّى يَكُونَ سُنْبُلاً وَ إِلاَّ فَلاَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَتْرُكَهُ حَتَّى يَكُونَ سُنْبُلاً".

Hadith.3862 - Sama'ah asked him about purchasing fodder crops, where a man buys them but does not harvest them, and then decides to leave them until they produce spikes of barley or wheat. He had bought them from their roots, and any tax due on them was the responsibility of the cultivator. Imam (as) said: "If he stipulated at the time of purchase that he may either cut them as fodder or leave them as they are until they produce spikes, then there is no harm. Otherwise, it is not proper for him to leave them until they produce spikes."

3863 - وَ سَأَلَهُ سَمَاعَةُ : عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ اِشْتَرَى مَرْعًى يَرْعَى فِيهِ بِخَمْسِينَ دِرْهَماً أَوْ أَقَلَّ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُدْخِلَ مَعَهُ مَنْ يَرْعَى مَعَهُ وَ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُمُ اَلثَّمَنَ قَالَ "فَلْيُدْخِلْ مَعَهُ مَنْ شَاءَ بِبَعْضِ مَا أَعْطَى وَ إِنْ أَدْخَلَ مَعَهُ بِتِسْعَةٍ وَ أَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَماً فَكَانَ غَنَمُهُ تَرْعَى بِدِرْهَمٍ فَلاَ بَأْسَ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ بِخَمْسِينَ دِرْهَماً وَ يَرْعَى مَعَهُمْ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ عَمِلَ فِي اَلْمَرْعَى عَمَلاً حَفَرَ بِئْراً أَوْ شَقَّ نَهَراً بِرِضَا أَصْحَابِ اَلْمَرْعَى فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَبِيعَهُ بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا اِشْتَرَاهُ بِهِ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ عَمِلَ فِيهِ عَمَلاً فَلِذَلِكَ يَصْلُحُ لَهُ".

Hadith.3863 - Sama'ah asked him about a man who purchased grazing land for fifty dirhams, or more or less, to graze his livestock, and then wanted to allow others to graze with him and charge them a fee. Imam (as) said: "He may allow others to graze with him for part of what he paid. For example, if he includes others for forty-nine dirhams and his livestock grazes for one dirham, there is no harm in it. However, he is not allowed to sell the grazing rights for fifty dirhams and graze with them unless he has done some work on the pasture, such as digging a well or channeling a stream with the consent of the pasture owners. In that case, there is no harm in selling it for more than what he purchased it for, because he has added value through his work, making it permissible for him."

3864 - وَ رَوَى سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "إِنِّي لَأَكْرَهُ أَنْ أَسْتَأْجِرَ اَلرَّحَى وَحْدَهَا ثُمَّ أُؤَاجِرَهَا بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا اِسْتَأْجَرْتُهَا إِلاَّ أَنْ أُحْدِثَ فِيهَا حَدَثاً أَوْ أُغْرَمَ فِيهَا غُرْماً".

Hadith.3864 - Sulaiman bin Khalid narrated from Abu Abdillah (as) who said: "I dislike renting a millstone alone and then leasing it out for more than what I rented it for, unless I make improvements to it or incur expenses related to it."

3865 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "إِذَا تَقَبَّلْتَ أَرْضاً بِذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِضَّةٍ فَلاَ تُقَبِّلْهَا بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا قَبِلْتَهَا بِهِ لِأَنَّ اَلذَّهَبَ وَ اَلْفِضَّةَ مُصْمَتَانِ".

Hadith.3865 - In a narration from Ishaq bin Ammar, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdillah (as), who said: "If you lease land with gold or silver, do not lease it out for more than what you leased it for, because gold and silver are fixed commodities."

3866 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْحِنْطَةِ وَ اَلشَّعِيرِ أَشْتَرِي زَرْعَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسَنْبِلَ وَ هُوَ حَشِيشٌ قَالَ "لاَ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهُ لِقَصِيلٍ يَعْلِفُهُ اَلدَّوَابَّ ثُمَّ يَتْرُكَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ حَتَّى يُسَنْبِلَ".

Hadith.3866 - It is narrated from Ali bin Abi Hamzah, from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdillah (as), who said: I asked him about purchasing wheat and barley crops before they produce spikes while they are still grass. Imam (as) said: "No, unless he buys it as fodder to feed animals, and then, if he wishes, he may leave it until it produces spikes."

3867 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ شِرْبٌ مَعَ اَلْقَوْمِ فِي قَنَاتِهِمْ وَ هُمْ فِيهِ شُرَكَاءُ فَيَسْتَغْنِي بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ شِرْبِهِ أَ يَبِيعُهُ قَالَ "نَعَمْ إِنْ شَاءَ بَاعَهُ بِوَرِقٍ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ بَاعَهُ بِكَيْلِ حِنْطَةٍ".

Hadith.3867 - It is narrated from Sa'id bin Yasar who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who has a share of water usage in a canal along with others, and they are partners in it. If some of them no longer need their share of the water, can they sell it? Imam (as) said: "Yes, if he wishes, he may sell it for silver coins, or if he wishes, he may sell it for a measure of wheat."