Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

3848 - وَ رَوَى حَمَّادٌ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلَيْنِ اِشْتَرَكَا فِي مَالٍ فَرَبِحَا رِبْحاً وَ كَانَ مِنَ اَلْمَالِ دَيْنٌ وَ عَيْنٌ فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ أَعْطِنِي رَأْسَ اَلْمَالِ وَ اَلرِّبْحُ لَكَ وَ مَا تَوِيَ فَعَلَيَّ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ إِذَا اِشْتَرَطَا وَ إِنْ كَانَ شَرْطاً يُخَالِفُ كِتَابَ اَللَّهِ رُدَّ إِلَى كِتَابِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ".

Hadith.3848 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah (as), regarding two men who entered into partnership with wealth, made a profit, and the wealth included both debt and cash. One of them said to the other, "Give me the principal amount, and the profit will be yours, and any loss will be my responsibility." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it if they agree to this condition, but if the condition contradicts the Book of Allah (swt), it must be referred back to the Book of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Glorious."

3849 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ : "لاَ يَنْبَغِي لِلرَّجُلِ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يُشَارِكَ اَلذِّمِّيَّ وَ لاَ يُبْضِعَهُ بِضَاعَةً وَ لاَ يُودِعَهُ وَدِيعَةً وَ لاَ يُصَافِيَهُ اَلْمَوَدَّةَ ".

Hadith.3849 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali bin Ri'ab who said: I heard Abu Abdillah (as) say, "It is not proper for any of you to enter into a partnership with a Dhimmi, nor to entrust him with goods, nor to deposit a trust with him, nor to establish a close friendship with him."

3850 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ اَلْغَنَمُ يَحْلُبُهَا لَهَا أَلْبَانٌ كَثِيرَةٌ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مَا تَقُولُ فِي شِرَاءِ اَلْخَمْسِمِائَةِ رِطْلٍ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا دِرْهَماً يَأْخُذُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِنْهُ أَرْطَالاً حَتَّى يَسْتَوْفِيَ مَا يَشْتَرِي مِنْهُ قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِهَذَا وَ نَحْوِهِ".

Hadith.3850 - Al-Hasan bin Mahbub narrated from Abu Wallad who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who owns sheep that produce a large quantity of milk every day. What do you say about purchasing five hundred ritls of milk for a specified amount of dirhams, taking a certain amount from it each day until he fulfills what he purchased? Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in this and similar transactions."

3851 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ اَلنَّخَّاسِ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ سَاوَمْتُ رَجُلاً بِجَارِيَةٍ فَبَاعَنِيهَا بِحُكْمِي فَقَبَضْتُهَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ بَعَثْتُ إِلَيْهِ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ قُلْتُ لَهُ هَذِهِ أَلْفُ دِرْهَمٍ عَلَى حُكْمِي عَلَيْكَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَقْبَلَهَا مِنِّي وَ قَدْ كُنْتُ مَسِسْتُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ أَبْعَثَ إِلَيْهِ بِالثَّمَنِ فَقَالَ "أَرَى أَنْ تُقَوَّمَ اَلْجَارِيَةُ قِيمَةً عَادِلَةً فَإِنْ كَانَ ثَمَنُهَا أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا بَعَثْتَ بِهِ إِلَيْهِ كَانَ عَلَيْكَ أَنْ تَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ مَا نَقَصَ مِنَ اَلْقِيمَةِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ ثَمَنُهَا أَقَلَّ مِمَّا بَعَثْتَ بِهِ إِلَيْهِ فَهُوَ لَهُ " قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَإِنْ وَجَدْتُ بِهَا عَيْباً بَعْدَ مَا مَسِسْتُهَا قَالَ "لَيْسَ لَكَ أَنْ تَرُدَّهَا وَ لَكَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ قِيمَةَ مَا بَيْنَ اَلصِّحَّةِ وَ اَلْعَيْبِ مِنْهُ".

Hadith.3851 - Al-Hasan bin Mahbub narrated from Rifa'ah Al-Nakhas who said: I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "I bargained with a man over a bondwoman, and he sold her to me based on my judgment. I took possession of her on that basis, then I sent him one thousand dirhams and said to him, 'Here are one thousand dirhams based on my judgment over you.' But he refused to accept them from me, and I had already touched her before sending him the payment." Imam (as) said: "I see that the bondwoman should be appraised at a fair value. If her value is more than what you sent him, then you must pay him the difference. However, if her value is less than what you sent him, then the surplus belongs to him." I said: "May I be your ransom, what if I find a defect in her after having touched her?" Imam (as) said: "You do not have the right to return her, but you are entitled to claim the difference between her value when healthy and her value with the defect from him."

3852 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ اَلْكَرْخِيِّ قَالَ : اِشْتَرَيْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ جَارِيَةً فَلَمَّا ذَهَبْتُ أَنْقُدُهُمْ قُلْتُ أَسْتَحِطُّهُمْ قَالَ "لاَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ نَهَى عَنِ اَلاِسْتِحْطَاطِ بَعْدَ اَلصَّفْقَةِ".

Hadith.3852 - Al-Hasan bin Mahbub narrated from Ibrahim bin Ziyad Al-Karkhi who said: I purchased a bondwoman for Abu Abdillah (as). When I was about to pay them, I said: "I will try to get a discount from them." Imam (as) said: "No, indeed the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) forbade seeking a discount after the deal has been concluded."

3853 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ اَلْكَرْخِيِّ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ اِشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ أَصْوَافَ مِائَةِ نَعْجَةٍ وَ مَا فِي بُطُونِهَا مِنْ حَمْلٍ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا دِرْهَماً فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي بُطُونِهَا حَمْلٌ كَانَ رَأْسُ مَالِهِ فِي اَلصُّوفِ".

Hadith.3853 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Ibrahim Al-Karkhi who said: I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "What do you say about a man who buys the wool of one hundred sheep and what is in their wombs in terms of pregnancy for such-and-such amount of dirhams?" Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that. If there is no pregnancy in their wombs, then his capital is in the wool."

3854 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ زَيْدٍ اَلشَّحَّامِ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي سِهَامَ اَلْقَصَّابِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ اَلسَّهْمُ قَالَ "إِنِ اِشْتَرَى سَهْماً فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِذَا خَرَجَ".

Hadith.3854 - Al-Hasan bin Mahbub narrated from Zayd Al-Shahham who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who purchases shares from butchers before the shares are distributed. Imam (as) said: "If he purchases a share, then he has the option to accept or reject it when it is distributed."

3855 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ يَهَبُ لِعَبْدِهِ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ أَوْ أَقَلَّ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَيَقُولُ حَلِّلْنِي مِنْ ضَرْبِي إِيَّاكَ أَوْ مِنْ كُلِّ مَا كَانَ مِنِّي إِلَيْكَ أَوْ مِمَّا أَخَفْتُكَ وَ أَرْهَبْتُكَ فَيُحَلِّلُهُ وَ يَجْعَلُهُ فِي حِلٍّ رَغْبَةً فِيمَا أَعْطَاهُ ثُمَّ إِنَّ اَلْمَوْلَى بَعْدُ أَصَابَ اَلدَّرَاهِمَ اَلَّتِي أَعْطَاهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ قَدْ وَضَعَهَا فِيهِ اَلْعَبْدُ فَأَخَذَهَا اَلْمَوْلَى أَ حَلاَلٌ هِيَ لَهُ فَقَالَ "لاَ" فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَ لَيْسَ اَلْعَبْدُ وَ مَالُهُ لِمَوْلاَهُ قَالَ "لَيْسَ هَذَا ذَاكَ " ثُمَّ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "قُلْ لَهُ فَلْيَرُدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ فَإِنَّهُ اِفْتَدَى بِهَا نَفْسَهُ مِنَ اَلْعَبْدِ مَخَافَةَ اَلْعُقُوبَةِ وَ اَلْقِصَاصِ يَوْمَ اَلْقِيَامَةِ " فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَعَلَى اَلْعَبْدِ أَنْ يُزَكِّيَهَا إِذَا حَالَ عَلَيْهَا اَلْحَوْلُ قَالَ "لاَ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ لَهُ بِهَا وَ لاَ يُعْطَى اَلْعَبْدُ مِنَ اَلزَّكَاةِ شَيْئاً".

Hadith.3855 - Al-Hasan bin Mahbub narrated from Ishaq bin Ammar who said: I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "What do you say about a man who gifts his slave one thousand dirhams, or more or less, and says to him, 'Release me from my beating you, or from everything I have done to you, or from the fear and intimidation I caused you?' So the slave releases him and declares him free from blame, desiring what he has been given. Then, later, the master finds the dirhams that he gave the slave in a place where the slave had kept them and takes them. Is it lawful for him?" Imam (as) said: "No." I said: "Is not the slave and his wealth the property of his master?" Imam (as) said: "This is not one of those cases." Then Imam (as) said: "Tell him to return the money to the slave, for it is not lawful for him. He gave it to the slave as a ransom for himself to avoid punishment and retribution on the Day of Judgment." I said: "Does the slave have to pay zakat on it if a year passes over it?" Imam (as) said: "No, unless he invests it in trade. And a slave is not given anything from zakat."

3856 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي مِنَ اَلرَّجُلِ اَلْبَيْعَ فَيَسْتَوْهِبُهُ بَعْدَ اَلشِّرَاءِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَحْمِلَهُ عَلَى اَلْكُرْهِ قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ".

Hadith.3856 - It is narrated from Yunus bin Ya'qub who said: I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "A man purchases goods from another man and then asks for them as a gift after the purchase, without compelling him." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it."

3857 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ زَيْدٍ اَلشَّحَّامِ قَالَ : أَتَيْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بِجَارِيَةٍ أَعْرِضُهَا عَلَيْهِ فَجَعَلَ يُسَاوِمُنِي وَ أَنَا أُسَاوِمُهُ ثُمَّ بِعْتُهَا إِيَّاهُ فَضَمِنَ عَلَى يَدِي، فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّمَا سَاوَمْتُكَ لِأَنْظُرَ اَلْمُسَاوَمَةُ تَنْبَغِي أَوْ لاَ تَنْبَغِي فَقُلْتُ قَدْ حَطَطْتُ عَنْكَ عَشَرَةَ دَنَانِيرَ قَالَ "هَيْهَاتَ أَ لاَّ كَانَ هَذَا قَبْلَ اَلضَّمَّةِ أَ مَا بَلَغَكَ قَوْلُ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ "اَلْوَضِيعَةُ بَعْدَ اَلضَّمَّةِ حَرَامٌ" ".

Hadith.3857 - It is narrated from Zayd Al-Shahham who said: I brought a bondwoman to Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) to offer her for sale. Imam (as) began to bargain with me, and I bargained with Him (as), and then I sold her to Him (as). He (as) finalized the deal by taking possession through my hand. I said: "May I be your ransom, I was only bargaining with you (as) to see whether bargaining is permissible or not. I then said: 'I have reduced the price for you by ten dinars.'" Imam (as) said: "Far from it! Should this not have been done before finalizing the deal? Have you not heard the saying of the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family): 'Reducing the price after finalization is forbidden?'"