Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

3942 - وَ - سَأَلَهُ سَمَاعَةُ : عَنِ اَلرَّهْنِ يُرْهِنُهُ اَلرَّجُلُ فِي سَلَمٍ إِذَا أَسْلَمَ فِي طَعَامٍ أَوْ مَتَاعٍ أَوْ حَيَوَانٍ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِأَنْ تَسْتَوْثِقَ مِنْ مَالِكَ".

Hadith.3942 - Sama'ah asked him about a pledge (rahn) that a man gives as security in a salam transaction when he advances payment for food, goods, or animals. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in securing your wealth."

3943 - وَ رَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلسَّلَمِ فِي اَلْحَيَوَانِ فَقَالَ "لَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ" فَقُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ أَسْلَمَ فِي أَسْنَانٍ مَعْلُومَةٍ أَوْ شَيْءٍ مَعْلُومٍ مِنَ اَلرَّقِيقِ فَأَعْطَاهُ دُونَ شَرْطِهِ أَوْ فَوْقَهُ بِطِيبَةِ نَفْسٍ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ".

Hadith.3943 - Ali bin Abi Hamzah narrated from Abu Basir, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about salam transactions involving animals. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it." I then asked: "What if he specifies particular ages or certain characteristics of slaves and delivers something less or more than the condition agreed upon, with mutual consent?" Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that."

3944 - وَ رَوَى أَبَانٌ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ بَاعَ طَعَاماً بِدَرَاهِمَ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ اَلْأَجَلُ تَقَاضَاهُ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عِنْدِي دَرَاهِمُ خُذْ مِنِّي طَعَاماً قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ إِنَّمَا لَهُ دَرَاهِمُ يَأْخُذُ بِهَا مَا شَاءَ".

Hadith.3944 - Aban narrated from Ya'qub bin Shu'ayb, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who sold food for dirhams. When the payment became due, he demanded his money, but the buyer said: "I do not have dirhams; take food instead." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that. He is entitled to dirhams, and he may take whatever he wishes in exchange for them."

3945 - وَ رَوَى عُبَيْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ اَلْحَلَبِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَسْلَمَ دَرَاهِمَ فِي خَمْسَةِ مَخَاتِيمِ حِنْطَةٍ أَوْ شَعِيرٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى وَ كَانَ اَلَّذِي عَلَيْهِ اَلْحِنْطَةُ وَ اَلشَّعِيرُ لاَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَنْ يَقْضِيَهُ جَمِيعَ اَلَّذِي حَلَّ فَشَاءَ صَاحِبُ اَلْحَقِّ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ نِصْفَ اَلطَّعَامِ أَوْ ثُلُثَهُ أَوْ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ وَ يَأْخُذَ رَأْسَ مَالِ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ اَلطَّعَامِ دَرَاهِمَ قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ" قَالَ وَ سُئِلَ عَنِ اَلزَّعْفَرَانِ يُسْلِفُ فِيهِ اَلرَّجُلُ دَرَاهِمَ فِي عِشْرِينَ مِثْقَالاً أَوْ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ إِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرِ اَلَّذِي عَلَيْهِ اَلزَّعْفَرَانُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ جَمِيعَ مَالِهِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ نِصْفَ حَقِّهِ أَوْ ثُلُثَهُ أَوْ ثُلُثَيْهِ وَ يَأْخُذَ رَأْسَ مَالِ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ حَقِّهِ دَرَاهِمَ".

Hadith.3945 - Ubaydullah bin Ali Al-Halabi narrated from Abu Abdillah (as): Imam (as) was asked about a man who lent dirhams in advance for five measures of wheat or barley until a specified time. When the payment became due, the debtor was unable to repay the full amount of wheat or barley. The creditor wanted to take half, a third, or less or more of the food, and receive the remaining amount in dirhams equivalent to the value of the rest. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that." Imam (as) was also asked about saffron, where a man lent dirhams in advance for twenty mithqals, or more or less. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm if the debtor cannot deliver the full amount of saffron. The creditor may take half, a third, or two-thirds of his right and receive the remaining value of what is owed in dirhams."

3946 - وَ سُئِلَ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُسْلِفُ فِي اَلْغَنَمِ ثُنْيَانٍ وَ جُذْعَانٍ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ إِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرِ اَلَّذِي عَلَيْهِ اَلْغَنَمُ عَلَى جَمِيعِ اَلَّذِي عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ صَاحِبُ اَلْغَنَمِ نِصْفَهَا أَوْ ثُلُثَهَا أَوْ ثُلُثَيْهَا وَ يَأْخُذَ رَأْسَ مَالِ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ اَلْغَنَمِ دَرَاهِمَ وَ يَأْخُذَ دُونَ شَرْطِهِمْ وَ لاَ يَأْخُذْ فَوْقَ شَرْطِهِمْ" قَالَ "وَ اَلْأَكْسِيَةُ أَيْضاً مِثْلُ اَلْحِنْطَةِ وَ اَلشَّعِيرِ وَ اَلزَّعْفَرَانِ وَ اَلْغَنَمِ".

Hadith.3946 - Imam (as) was asked about a man who lends in advance for sheep, both two-year-olds and younger ones, until a specified time. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm if the debtor cannot deliver all the sheep he owes. The creditor may take half, a third, or two-thirds of the sheep, and receive the remaining value of what is owed in dirhams. He should take less than what was agreed upon, but must not take more than their agreed value." Imam (as) added: "This ruling also applies to garments, just as it applies to wheat, barley, saffron, and sheep."

3947 - وَ رَوَى اَلْوَشَّاءُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ : "لاَ يَنْبَغِي لِلرَّجُلِ إِسْلاَفُ اَلسَّمْنِ بِالزَّيْتِ وَ لاَ اَلزَّيْتِ بِالسَّمْنِ ".

Hadith.3947 - Al-Washsha' narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan, who said: I heard Abu Abdullah (as) say: "It is not proper for a man to lend ghee in exchange for oil, nor oil in exchange for ghee."

3948 - وَ رَوَى عَمْرُو بْنُ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلسَّلَفِ فِي اَللَّحْمِ قَالَ "لاَ تَقْرَبَنَّهُ فَإِنَّهُ يُعْطِيكَ مَرَّةً اَلسَّمِينَ وَ مَرَّةً اَلتَّاوِيَ وَ مَرَّةً اَلْمَهْزُولَ فَاشْتَرِهِ مُعَايَنَةً يَداً بِيَدٍ" قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلسَّلَفِ فِي رَوَايَا اَلْمَاءِ فَقَالَ "لاَ فَإِنَّهُ يُعْطِيكَ مَرَّةً نَاقِصَةً وَ مَرَّةً كَامِلَةً وَ لَكِنِ اِشْتَرِهَا مُعَايَنَةً فَهَذَا أَسْلَمُ لَكَ وَ لَهُ".

Hadith.3948 - Amr ibn Shimr narrated from Jabir, who reported: Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) was asked about lending meat in advance. Imam (as) said: "Do not approach it, for sometimes he may give you fat meat, sometimes lean meat, and sometimes emaciated meat. Instead, buy it through direct observation, hand-to-hand." Imam (as) was also asked about lending water carriers (skins). Imam (as) said: "No, for sometimes he may give you an incomplete one and sometimes a complete one. Rather, buy them through direct observation, for this is safer for you and for him."

3949 - وَ رَوَى وَهْبُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "لاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يُسْلَفَ مَا يُوزَنُ فِيمَا يُكَالُ وَ مَا يُكَالُ فِيمَا يُوزَنُ".

Hadith.3949 - Wahb ibn Wahb narrated from Ja'far ibn Muhammad from his father (as): Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "There is no harm in advancing payment for what is weighed in exchange for what is measured, and for what is measured in exchange for what is weighed."

3950 - وَ رَوَى غِيَاثُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "لاَ بَأْسَ بِالسَّلَمِ بِكَيْلٍ مَعْلُومٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَ لاَ يُسْلَمُ إِلَى دِيَاسٍ وَ لاَ حَصَادٍ ".

Hadith.3950 - Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as): Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as): "There is no harm in a Salam contract with a specified measure and a fixed time, but it should not be made conditional upon threshing or harvesting."

3951 - وَ رَوَى اَلنَّضْرُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَ يَصْلُحُ أَنْ يُسْلِمَ فِي اَلطَّعَامِ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ طَعَامٌ وَ لاَ حَيَوَانٌ إِلاَّ أَنَّهُ إِذَا جَاءَ اَلْأَجَلُ اِشْتَرَاهُ وَ أَوْفَاهُ قَالَ "إِذَا ضَمِنَهُ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَلاَ بَأْسَ" قَالَ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ أَوْفَانِي بَعْضاً وَ أَخَّرَ بَعْضاً أَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ "نَعَمْ".

Hadith.3951 - Al-Nadr narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as): "Is it permissible to enter into a Salam contract for food with a man who does not currently possess the food or livestock, but promises to purchase it and deliver it when the due date arrives?" Imam (as) replied: "If he guarantees it for a specified term, then there is no harm in it." I then asked: "What if he delivers part of it and delays the rest? Is that permissible?" Imam (as) said: "Yes."