Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

4020 - وَ سَأَلَهُ أَبُو اَلصَّبَّاحِ اَلْكِنَانِيُّ : عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ مِائَةَ مَنٍّ صُفْراً بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا وَ لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ مَا اُشْتُرِيَ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ إِذَا أَوْفَاهُ اَلْوَزْنَ اَلَّذِي اُشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ".

Hadith.4020 - Abu al-Sabbah al-Kinani asked Imam (as) about a man who bought one hundred mann of brass for a specified price, while the seller did not possess the quantity sold at the time of the transaction. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm as long as he delivers the specified weight that was agreed upon."

4021 - وَ سَأَلَهُ عَبْدُ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ اَلْحَجَّاجِ : عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي اَلطَّعَامَ مِنَ اَلرَّجُلِ لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ وَ يَشْتَرِي مِنْهُ حَالاًّ قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ" قَالَ قُلْتُ إِنَّهُمْ يُفْسِدُونَهُ عِنْدَنَا قَالَ "فَأَيَّ شَيْءٍ يَقُولُونَ فِي اَلسَّلَمِ" قُلْتُ لاَ يَرَوْنَ فِيهِ بَأْساً يَقُولُونَ هَذَا إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَإِذَا كَانَ إِلَى غَيْرِ أَجَلٍ وَ لَيْسَ هُوَ عِنْدَ صَاحِبِهِ فَلاَ يَصْلُحُ فَقَالَ "إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ أَجَلٌ كَانَ أَحَقَّ بِهِ" ثُمَّ قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ اَلرَّجُلُ اَلطَّعَامَ وَ لَيْسَ هُوَ عِنْدَ صَاحِبِهِ إِلَى أَجَلٍ وَ حَالاًّ لاَ يُسَمِّي لَهُ أَجَلاً إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ بَيْعاً لاَ يُوجَدُ مِثْلُ اَلْعِنَبِ وَ اَلْبِطِّيخِ وَ شِبْهِهِ فِي غَيْرِ زَمَانِهِ فَلاَ يَنْبَغِي شِرَاءُ ذَلِكَ حَالاًّ".

Hadith.4021 - Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj asked Imam (as) about a man who buys food from another man who does not have it in his possession and buys it immediately (without delay). Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it." I said: "But they consider it invalid among us." Imam (as) said: "What do they say about salam (forward contracts)?" I said: "They see no harm in it because it is for a specified term. However, if it is without a specified term and not in the seller's possession, they say it is invalid." Imam (as) said: "If there is no specified term, then it is even more justified." Then Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in a man buying food that is not in the seller's possession, whether on credit or immediately, without specifying a term, unless it is for items that are not commonly available, such as grapes, melons, and similar goods outside their season. In such cases, it is not proper to buy them immediately."

4022 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "مَنْ بَاعَ سِلْعَةً فَقَالَ إِنَّ ثَمَنَهَا كَذَا وَ كَذَا يَداً بِيَدٍ وَ ثَمَنُهَا كَذَا وَ كَذَا نَظِرَةً فَخُذْهَا بِأَيِّ ثَمَنٍ شِئْتَ وَ اِجْعَلْ صَفْقَتَهَا وَاحِدَةً " فَقَالَ "لَيْسَ لَهُ إِلاَّ أَقَلُّهُمَا وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ نَظِرَةً ".

Hadith.4022 - Muhammad ibn Qays narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) that Commander of the Faithful (as) said: "Whoever sells a commodity and says, 'Its price is such and such if paid immediately, and its price is such and such if paid later,' then take it at whichever price you wish and make it a single transaction." Then Imam (as) said: "He is only entitled to the lower price, even if it is on credit."

4023 - وَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "فِي رَجُلٍ أَمَرَهُ نَفَرٌ أَنْ يَبْتَاعَ لَهُمْ بَعِيراً بِوَرِقٍ وَ يَزِيدُونَهُ فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ نَظِرَةً فَابْتَاعَ لَهُمْ بَعِيراً وَ مَعَهُ بَعْضُهُمْ فَمَنَعَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُمْ فَوْقَ وَرِقِهِ نَظِرَةً".

Hadith.4023 - Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said regarding a man who was instructed by a group to buy a camel for them with silver and to charge them extra for deferred payment. He bought the camel for them, and one of them was with him. Imam (as) prohibited him from taking more than the silver amount for the deferred payment.

4024 - وَ رَوَى جَمِيلُ بْنُ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَصْلَحَكَ اَللَّهُ إِنَّا نُخَالِطُ نَفَراً مِنْ أَهْلِ اَلسَّوَادِ فَنُقْرِضُهُمُ اَلْقَرْضَ وَ يَصْرِفُونَ إِلَيْنَا غَلاَّتِهِمْ فَنَبِيعُهَا لَهُمْ بِأَجْرٍ وَ لَنَا فِي ذَلِكَ مَنْفَعَةٌ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ" وَ لاَ أَعْلَمُهُ إِلاَّ قَالَ وَ لَوْ لاَ مَا يَصْرِفُونَ إِلَيْنَا مِنْ غَلاَّتِهِمْ لَمْ نُقْرِضْهُمْ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ".

Hadith.4024 - Jamil ibn Darraj narrated from a man who said: I said to Abu Abdullah (as): "May Allah (swt) rectify your affairs. We interact with some people from the countryside, and we lend them loans. They deliver their crops to us, and we sell them for a fee, and we benefit from this arrangement." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it." And I believe he also said: "If it were not for the crops they deliver to us, we would not lend to them." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it."

4025 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مُسْكَانَ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَسْتَقْرِضُ اَلدَّرَاهِمَ اَلْبِيضَ عَدَداً وَ يَقْضِي سُوداً وَزْناً وَ قَدْ عَرَفَ أَنَّهَا أَثْقَلُ مِمَّا أَخَذَ وَ تَطِيبُ بِهَا نَفْسُهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ لَهُ فَضْلَهَا قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ شَرْطٌ وَ لَوْ وَهَبَهَا لَهُ كُلَّهَا صَلَحَ".

Hadith.4025 - Ibn Muskan narrated from al-Halabi, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who borrows a specified amount of white dirhams and repays them with black dirhams by weight, knowing that they are heavier than what he borrowed, and he willingly gives the extra weight. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it as long as it is not a condition. Even if he gifted him all of it, it would be permissible."

4026 - وَ سَأَلَهُ عَبْدُ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ اَلْحَجَّاجِ : عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَسْتَقْرِضُ مِنَ اَلرَّجُلِ اَلدِّرْهَمَ فَيَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ اَلْمِثْقَالَ أَوْ يَسْتَقْرِضُ اَلْمِثْقَالَ فَيَرُدُّ اَلدِّرْهَمَ قَالَ "إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ شَرَطَ فَلاَ بَأْسَ وَ ذَلِكَ هُوَ اَلْفَضْلُ إِنَّ أَبِي عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ كَانَ يَسْتَقْرِضُ اَلدَّرَاهِمَ اَلْفُسُولَةَ فَيُدْخِلُ مِنْ غَلَّتِهِ اَلْجِيَادَ فَيَقُولُ "يَا بُنَيَّ رُدَّهَا عَلَى اَلَّذِي اِسْتَقْرَضْنَا مِنْهُ" فَأَقُولُ يَا أَبَتِ إِنَّ دَرَاهِمَهُ كَانَتْ فُسُولَةً وَ هَذِهِ أَجْوَدُ مِنْهَا فَيَقُولُ "يَا بُنَيَّ هَذَا هُوَ اَلْفَضْلُ فَأَعْطِهَا إِيَّاهُ" ".

Hadith.4026 - Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj asked him about a man who borrows a dirham and repays it with a mithqal (a weight of gold), or borrows a mithqal and repays it with a dirham. Imam (as) said: "If it was not stipulated as a condition, then there is no harm. This is considered a favor." Imam (as) further said: "My father (as) used to borrow inferior dirhams and then, from his earnings, would return better-quality ones. He (as) would say, 'O my son (as), return these to the one from whom we (as) borrowed.' I said: 'O my father (as), his dirhams were inferior, and these are of better quality.' Imam (as) replied: 'O my son (as), this is a favor, so give them to him.'"

4027 - وَ رَوَى إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِأَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ عِنْدَ اَلرَّجُلِ اَلْمَالُ فَيُعْطِيهِ قَرْضاً فَيَطُولُ مَكْثُهُ عِنْدَ اَلرَّجُلِ لاَ يَدْخُلُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ مِنْهُ مَنْفَعَةٌ فَيُنِيلُهُ اَلرَّجُلُ اَلشَّيْءَ بَعْدَ اَلشَّيْءِ كَرَاهَةَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مَالَهُ حَيْثُ لاَ يُصِيبُ مِنْهُ مَنْفَعَةً يَحِلُّ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُونَا شَرَطَاهُ".

Hadith.4027 - Ishaq ibn Ammar narrated: I said to Abu Ibrahim (Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as)): "A man has some money with another man as a loan, and it remains with him for a long time without providing any benefit to the owner. So the borrower occasionally gives the lender something out of courtesy, to avoid returning the money without any benefit. Is this permissible for him?" Imam (as) said: "There is no harm, as long as they did not stipulate it as a condition."

4028 - وَ رَوَى شِهَابُ بْنُ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ إِنَّ رَجُلًا جَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص يَسْأَلُهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ عِنْدَهُ سَلَفٌ‌ فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عِنْدِي فَقَالَ أَعْطِهِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَوْسَاقٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ فَأَعْطَاهُ ثُمَّ جَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَتَقَاضَاهُ فَقَالَ يَكُونُ فَأُعْطِيكَ ثُمَّ عَادَ فَقَالَ يَكُونُ فَأُعْطِيكَ‌ ثُمَّ عَادَ فَقَالَ يَكُونُ فَأُعْطِيكَ فَقَالَ أَكْثَرْتَ‌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَضَحِكَ وَ قَالَ عِنْدَ مَنْ سَلَفٌ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ عِنْدِي فَقَالَ كَمْ عِنْدَكَ قَالَ مَا شِئْتَ فَقَالَ أَعْطِهِ ثَمَانِيَةَ أَوْسَاقٍ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ إِنَّمَا لِي أَرْبَعَةٌ فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ أَرْبَعَةٌ أَيْضاً.

Hadith.4028 - Shihab ibn Abd Rabbih narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) who said: I heard Imam (as) say that a man came to the Messenger of Allah (swt) (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) asking for help. The Messenger of Allah (swt) (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) said: "Who has a loan (to give)?" One of the Muslims said: "I have." So the Prophet (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) said: "Give him four wasqs of dates." The man gave him the dates. Later, the man came back to the Messenger of Allah (swt) (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) asking for repayment. The Prophet (sw) said: "It will be provided, and I will give it to you." He returned again, and the Prophet (sw) said: "It will be provided, and I will give it to you." He came back once more, and the Prophet (sw) repeated: "It will be provided, and I will give it to you." The man then said: "You have asked too much, O Messenger of Allah (swt)." The Prophet (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) laughed and said: "Who has a loan (to give)?" A man stood up and said: "I have." The Prophet (sw) asked: "How much do you have?" He said: "As much as you wish." The Prophet (sw) said: "Give him eight wasqs." The man said: "I only owe four." The Prophet (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) replied: "And four more as well."

4029 - وَ سَأَلَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ‌ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَسْتَقْرِضُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ قَرْضاً وَ يُعْطِيهِ الرَّهْنَ إِمَّا خَادِماً وَ إِمَّا آنِيَةً وَ إِمَّا ثِيَاباً فَيَحْتَاجُ إِلَى الشَّيْ‌ءِ مِنْ أَمْتِعَتِهِ فَيَسْتَأْذِنُهُ فِيهِ فَيَأْذَنُ لَهُ قَالَ إِنْ طَابَتْ نَفْسُهُ لَهُ فَلَا بَأْسَ قُلْتُ إِنَّ مَنْ عِنْدَنَا يَرْوُونَ أَنَّ كُلَّ قَرْضٍ جَرَّ مَنْفَعَةً فَهُوَ فَاسِدٌ فَقَالَ أَ وَ لَيْسَ خَيْرُ الْقَرْضِ مَا جَرَّ مَنْفَعَةً.

Hadith.4029 - Muhammad ibn Muslim asked him about a man who borrows a loan from another man and gives him collateral, either a servant, a vessel, or clothing. Later, the borrower needs something from his belongings and seeks permission from the lender, who grants it. Imam (as) said: "If the lender willingly allows it, then there is no harm." I said: "Those among us narrate that any loan that brings benefit is invalid." Imam (as) replied: "Isn't the best loan the one that brings benefit?"