Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

4836 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنْ ظَاهَرَ رَجُلٌ فِي شَعْبَانَ وَ لَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يُعْتِقُ قَالَ "يَنْتَظِرُ حَتَّى يَصُومَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ يَصُومُ "شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتٰابِعَيْنِ" فَإِنْ ظَاهَرَ وَ هُوَ مُسَافِرٌ يَنْظُرُ حَتَّى يَقْدَمَ وَ إِنْ صَامَ فَأَصَابَ مَالاً فَلْيَمْضِ فِي اَلَّذِي اِبْتَدَأَ فِيهِ".

Hadith.4836 - Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated from one of the two Imams (peace be upon them) who said: I asked Imam (as): "If a man performs ẓihar (a form of divorce by comparison) in the month of Sha'ban and cannot find something to free (as expiation), what should he do?" He (as) replied: "He should wait until he fasts the month of Ramadan and then fast two consecutive months afterward. If he performs ẓihar while he is traveling, he should wait until he returns. And if he begins fasting and then acquires wealth, he should continue with what he had already started."

4837 - وَ رَوَى سَمَاعَةُ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: "جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى اَلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ظَاهَرْتُ مِنِ اِمْرَأَتِي فَقَالَ "اِذْهَبْ فَأَعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً" فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عِنْدِي فَقَالَ "اِذْهَبْ فَصُمْ "شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتٰابِعَيْنِ" " فَقَالَ لاَ أَقْوَى فَقَالَ "اِذْهَبْ فَأَطْعِمْ "سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً" " قَالَ لَيْسَ عِنْدِي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ "أَنَا أَتَصَدَّقُ عَنْكَ" " قَالَ "فَأَعْطَاهُ تَمْراً لِإِطْعَامِ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً فَقَالَ "اِذْهَبْ فَتَصَدَّقْ بِهِ" فَقَالَ وَ اَلَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ نَبِيّاً مَا أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ بَيْنَ لاَبَتَيْهَا أَحَداً أَحْوَجَ إِلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَ مِنْ عِيَالِي فَقَالَ "اِذْهَبْ فَكُلْ وَ أَطْعِمْ عِيَالَكَ" ".

Hadith.4837 - Sama'ah narrated from Abu Basir, who said: I heard Abu Abdullah (as) say: "A man came to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) and said: 'O Messenger of Allah (swt), I have performed ẓihar (declared my wife as unlawful to me).' The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: 'Go and free a slave.' The man replied: 'I do not have one.' The Prophet (sw) said: 'Then go and fast for two consecutive months.' The man replied: 'I am not able to do so.' The Prophet (sw) said: 'Then go and feed sixty poor people.' The man replied: 'I do not have the means.' The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) then said: 'I will give charity on your behalf.'" He (peace be upon him and his family) gave him dates to feed sixty poor people and said: "Go and give this in charity." The man said: "By the One who sent you with the truth as a Prophet (sw), I do not know anyone between these two mountains (of Madinah) who is more in need of this than me and my family." The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Then go and feed your family with it."

4838 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ فَضَّالٍ أَنَّ رَجُلاً قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِنِّي قُلْتُ لاِمْرَأَتِي أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي إِنْ خَرَجْتِ مِنْ بَابِ اَلْحُجْرَةِ فَخَرَجَتْ فَقَالَ "لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ شَيْءٌ" فَقُلْتُ فَإِنِّي أَقْوَى عَلَى أَنْ أُكَفِّرَ فَقَالَ "لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ شَيْءٌ" فَقُلْتُ فَإِنِّي أَقْوَى عَلَى أَنْ أُكَفِّرَ رَقَبَةً وَ رَقَبَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ "لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ شَيْءٌ قَوِيتَ أَوْ لَمْ تَقْوَ".

Hadith.4838 - In the narration of Al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Faddal, a man said: I said to Abu Al-Hasan (as), "I told my wife, 'You are to me as the back of my mother if you leave the room,' and she left." Imam (as) replied: "There is nothing upon you." I said: "But I am capable of offering expiation." Imam (as) replied: "There is nothing upon you." I said: "I am capable of freeing one or even two slaves as expiation." Imam (as) said: "There is nothing upon you, whether you are capable or not."

4839 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اَلسَّكُونِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ آلَى مِنِ اِمْرَأَتِهِ وَ ظَاهَرَ فِي كَلِمَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ قَالَ "عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ".

Hadith.4839 - In the narration of Al-Sakuni, he said that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) was asked about a man who both swore an oath (ilaʾ) and declared ẓihar (a form of divorce by comparison) against his wife in a single statement. Imam (as) said: "He is obligated to offer only one expiation."

4840 - وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ حُمْرَانَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ قَالَ لِأَمَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُرْضِيَ بِذَلِكَ اِمْرَأَتَهُ قَالَ "يَأْتِيهَا وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا وَ لاَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ".

Hadith.4840 - Abdullah ibn Bukayr narrated from Humran who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who said to his female slave, "You are to me as the back of my mother," intending by this statement to please his wife. Imam (as) replied: "He may approach her (the slave), and there is nothing upon her or upon him."

4841 - وَ رَوَى أَيُّوبُ بْنُ نُوحٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنِ اِبْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "اَلْمُظَاهِرُ إِذَا صَامَ شَهْراً وَ صَامَ مِنَ اَلشَّهْرِ اَلْآخَرِ يَوْماً فَقَدْ وَاصَلَ فَإِنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَقْضِ مُتَفَرِّقاً وَ إِنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُعْطِ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مُدّاً مِنْ طَعَامٍ".

Hadith.4841 - Ayyub ibn Nuh narrated from Safwan, from Ibn Uyaynah, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: "If a man who has performed ẓihar fasts for one full month and then fasts a day from the second month, he has fulfilled the condition of consecutive fasting. After that, if he wishes, he may make up the remaining fasts in a non-consecutive manner, or if he wishes, he may give a mudd (a specific measure) of food for each remaining day."

4842 - وَ رَوَى زِيَادُ بْنُ اَلْمُنْذِرِ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْوَرْدِ : أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ أَنَا عِنْدَهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لاِمْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ، فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "يُطِيقُ لِكُلِّ مَرَّةٍ عِتْقَ نَسَمَةٍ" فَقَالَ لاَ قَالَ "يُطِيقُ إِطْعَامَ "سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً" مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ" قَالَ لاَ قَالَ "فَيُطِيقُ صِيَامَ "شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتٰابِعَيْنِ" مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ" قَالَ لاَ قَالَ "يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا ".

Hadith.4842 - Ziyad ibn al-Mundhir narrated from Abu al-Ward that Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) was asked, while I was present, about a man who said to his wife, "You are to me like the back of my mother" a hundred times. Abu Jafar Imam Al-Baqir (as) said: "Is he able to free a slave for each time?" The man replied: "No." Imam (as) said: "Is he able to feed sixty needy people for each time?" The man replied: "No." Imam (as) said: "Is he able to fast for two consecutive months for each time?" The man replied: "No." Imam (as) then said: "They should be separated."

4843 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اِبْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ غِيَاثٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنْ أَرْبَعِ نِسْوَةٍ قَالَ "عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ".

Hadith.4843 - In the narration of Ibn Faddal from Ghiyath, from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) (peace be upon them), it is reported that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said regarding a man who performed ẓihar (a form of divorce by comparison) against four wives: "He is obligated to offer only one expiation."

4844 - وَ قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "لاَ يَقَعُ ظِهَارٌ عَنْ طَلاَقٍ وَ لاَ طَلاَقٌ عَنْ ظِهَارٍ".

Hadith.4844 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Ẓihar (a form of divorce by comparison) does not count as a divorce, nor does divorce count as ẓihar."

4845 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي وَلاَّدٍ عَنْ حُمْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "لاَ يَكُونُ ظِهَارٌ فِي يَمِينٍ وَ لاَ فِي إِضْرَارٍ وَ لاَ فِي غَضَبٍ وَ لاَ يَكُونُ ظِهَارٌ إِلاَّ عَلَى طُهْرٍ بِغَيْرِ جِمَاعٍ بِشَهَادَةِ شَاهِدَيْنِ مُسْلِمَيْنِ ".

Hadith.4845 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Walad, from Humran, from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: "Ẓihar (a form of divorce by comparison) does not occur through an oath, nor in a case of harm, nor in a state of anger. Ẓihar is only valid when it is declared during a state of purity (from menstruation), without prior intercourse, and in the presence of two Muslim witnesses."