Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

وَ رَوَى اَلسَّكُونِيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "لاَ تُمَانِعُوا قَرْضَ اَلْخَمِيرِ وَ اَلْخُبْزِ فَإِنَّ مَنْعَهُمَا يُورِثُ اَلْفَقْرَ".

Al-Sakooni reported from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s), peace be upon him, who said: "Do not withhold lending leavened dough and bread, for withholding them causes poverty."

وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: "عَلاَمَةُ رِضَا اَللَّهِ فِي خَلْقِهِ عَدْلُ سُلْطَانِهِمْ وَ رُخْصُ أَسْعَارِهِمْ وَ عَلاَمَةُ غَضَبِ اَللَّهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ جَوْرُ سُلْطَانِهِمْ وَ غَلاَءُ أَسْعَارِهِمْ".

The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: "The sign of Allah's (swt) pleasure with His (swt) creation is the justice of their ruler and the affordability of their prices, and the sign of Allah's (swt) anger upon His (swt) creation is the oppression of their ruler and the high cost of their prices."

قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَبِيعُ اَلشَّيْءَ فَيَقُولُ اَلْمُشْتَرِي هُوَ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا بِأَقَلَّ مِمَّا قَالَ اَلْبَائِعُ قَالَ "اَلْقَوْلُ قَوْلُ اَلْبَائِعِ إِذَا كَانَ اَلشَّيْءُ قَائِماً بِعَيْنِهِ مَعَ يَمِينِهِ ".

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said regarding a man who sells something and the buyer claims that it was sold for a lower price than what the seller stated: "The statement of the seller is to be accepted if the item is still present in its original form, along with his oath."

رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اِشْتَرَى ضَيْعَةً وَ قَدْ كَانَ يَدْخُلُهَا وَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا فَلَمَّا أَنْ نَقَدَ اَلْمَالَ صَارَ إِلَى اَلضَّيْعَةِ فَفَتَّشَهَا ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَاسْتَقَالَ صَاحِبَهُ فَلَمْ يُقِلْهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "لَوْ قَلَّبَهَا وَ نَظَرَ مِنْهَا إِلَى تِسْعٍ وَ تِسْعِينَ قِطْعَةً ثُمَّ بَقِيَ مِنْهَا قِطْعَةٌ لَمْ يَرَهَا لَكَانَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ خِيَارُ اَلرُّؤْيَةِ".

Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrates from Jamil ibn Darraj, who said: I asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about a man who purchased a property. He used to enter and leave it, but after paying the price and inspecting the property, he returned and requested the seller to annul the sale, but the seller refused. Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s), said: "Even if he had examined and inspected ninety-nine parts of it, and one part remained unseen, he would still have the right of option (Khiyar al-Ru'yah) based on inspection."

وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُيَسِّرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلْعَزِيزِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ اِشْتَرَى زِقَّ زَيْتٍ فَوَجَدَ فِيهِ دُرْدِيّاً فَقَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ مِمَّنْ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يَكُونُ فِي اَلزَّيْتِ لَمْ يَرُدَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يَكُونُ فِي اَلزَّيْتِ رَدَّهُ عَلَيْهِ".

Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrates from Muyassir ibn Abdul Aziz, who said: I asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s), about a man who bought a container of oil and found sediment (dregs) in it. Imam (a.s) said: "If the buyer was aware that such sediment is commonly found in oil, he cannot return it. However, if he was unaware that such sediment is usually present, he has the right to return it."

وَ دَخَلَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ سُوقَ اَلتَّمَّارِينَ فَإِذَا اِمْرَأَةٌ تَبْكِي وَ هِيَ تُخَاصِمُ رَجُلاً تَمَّاراً فَقَالَ لَهَا "مَا لَكِ" فَقَالَتْ يَا أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ اِشْتَرَيْتُ مِنْ هَذَا تَمْراً بِدِرْهَمٍ فَخَرَجَ أَسْفَلُهُ رَدِيّاً وَ لَيْسَ مِثْلَ هَذَا اَلَّذِي رَأَيْتُ فَقَالَ لَهُ "رُدَّ عَلَيْهَا" فَأَبَى حَتَّى قَالَ لَهُ ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَأَبَى فَعَلاَهُ بِالدِّرَّةِ حَتَّى رَدَّ عَلَيْهَا وَ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُجَلَّلَ اَلتَّمْرُ.

Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, entered the market of the date sellers. There, He (a.s) saw a woman crying while disputing with a date seller. Imam (a.s) said to her: "What is the matter?" She replied: "O Commander of the Faithful, I bought dates from this man for one dirham, but the bottom of the container was filled with poor-quality dates, unlike what I had seen at the top." Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, said to the seller: "Return her money." The seller refused, and Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) repeated the instruction three times, but the seller continued to refuse. So, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) struck him with his staff until he returned the money to the woman. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) used to dislike covering the dates to conceal their defects.

رَوَى أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو عَنِ اَلشَّعِيرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: "إِذَا نَادَى اَلْمُنَادِي فَلَيْسَ لَكَ أَنْ تَزِيدَ فَإِذَا سَكَتَ فَلَكَ أَنْ تَزِيدَ وَ إِنَّمَا تَحْرُمُ اَلزِّيَادَةُ وَ اَلنِّدَاءُ يُسْمَعُ وَ يُحِلُّهَا اَلسُّكُوتُ ".

Umayyah ibn Amr narrated from Al-Sha'eeri, who narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s), that Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, said: "When the caller (auctioneer) announces the price, it is not permissible for you to increase the bid. However, when the caller becomes silent, then you are allowed to increase the bid. Indeed, raising the bid is prohibited while the announcement is still being heard, but it becomes permissible when silence follows."

رُوِيَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ اَلْحَكَمِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَبِيعُ اَلسَّابِرِيَّ فِي اَلظِّلاَلِ فَمَرَّ بِي أَبُو اَلْحَسَنِ اَلْأَوَّلُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَاكِباً فَقَالَ لِي "يَا هِشَامُ إِنَّ اَلْبَيْعَ فِي اَلظِّلاَلِ غِشٌّ وَ اَلْغِشُّ لاَ يَحِلُّ".

Hisham ibn Al-Hakam narrated: "I used to sell Sabiri (a type of cloth) in the shade, and Abu Al-Hasan the First (a.s) passed by me while riding. Imam (a.s) said to me: 'O Hisham, selling in the shade is deceit, and deceit is not permissible.'"

رَوَى إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "نَهَى رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ أَنْ يُشَابَ اَللَّبَنُ بِالْمَاءِ لِلْبَيْعِ".

Isma'il ibn Muslim narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s): "The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) forbade mixing milk with water for sale."

قَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "غَبْنُ اَلْمُسْتَرْسِلِ سُحْتٌ وَ غَبْنُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِ حَرَامٌ".

Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Defrauding the one who entrusts you is unlawful gain, and defrauding a believer is forbidden."