Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

4566 - وَ رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ جَارِيَةٌ وَ كَانَ يَأْتِيهَا فَبَاعَهَا فَأُعْتِقَتْ وَ تَزَوَّجَتْ فَوَلَدَتْ اِبْنَةً هَلْ تَصْلُحُ اِبْنَتُهَا لِمَوْلاَهَا اَلْأَوَّلِ قَالَ "هِيَ عَلَيْهِ حَرَامٌ ".

Hadith.4566 - Al-Alaa narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Abdillah (as), who said: I asked him about a man who had a bondwoman with whom he had relations. He then sold her, and she was later freed and married, giving birth to a daughter. Is her daughter permissible for her former master? Imam (as) said: "She is forbidden to him."

4567 - وَ قَالَ: فِي جَارِيَةٍ لِرَجُلٍ وَ كَانَ يَأْتِيهَا فَأَسْقَطَتْ سِقْطاً مِنْهُ بَعْدَ ثَلاَثَةِ أَشْهُرٍ قَالَ "هِيَ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ".

Hadith.4567 - Imam (as) said regarding a bondwoman who belonged to a man and with whom he had relations, and she miscarried his child after three months: "She is considered Umm Walad (the mother of his child)."

4568 - قَالَ: وَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اِمْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ تَزَوَّجَتْ عَبْداً عَلَى أَنَّهُ حُرٌّ ثُمَّ عَلِمَتْ بَعْدُ أَنَّهُ مَمْلُوكٌ قَالَ "هِيَ أَمْلَكُ بِنَفْسِهَا إِنْ شَاءَتْ بَعْدَ عِلْمِهَا أَقَرَّتْ بِهِ وَ أَقَامَتْ مَعَهُ وَ إِنْ شَاءَتْ لَمْ تُقِمْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ اَلْعَبْدُ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَلَهَا اَلصَّدَاقُ بِمَا اِسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَالنِّكَاحُ بَاطِلٌ فَإِنْ أَقَرَّتْ مَعَهُ بَعْدَ عِلْمِهَا أَنَّهُ عَبْدٌ مَمْلُوكٌ فَهُوَ أَمْلَكُ بِهَا".

Hadith.4568 - I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a free woman who married a man thinking he was free, but later discovered that he was a slave. Imam (as) said: "She has authority over herself. After learning the truth, if she wishes, she may stay with him and accept him, or if she wishes, she may leave him. If the slave had consummated the marriage with her, then she is entitled to the dowry for what was made lawful to him from her. However, if he had not consummated the marriage, then the marriage is invalid. But if she chooses to remain with him after learning that he is a slave, then he has the right to keep her as his wife."

4569 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ سَعْدَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ زَوَّجَ مَمْلُوكَةً لَهُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ حُرٍّ عَلَى أَرْبَعِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَعَجَّلَ لَهُ مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ ثُمَّ أَخَّرَ عَنْهُ مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ فَدَخَلَ بِهَا زَوْجُهَا ثُمَّ إِنَّ سَيِّدَهَا بَاعَهَا بَعْدُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ لِمَنْ تَكُونُ اَلْمِائَتَانِ اَلْمُؤَخَّرَتَانِ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ "إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَوْفَاهَا بَقِيَّةَ اَلْمَهْرِ حَتَّى بَاعَهَا فَلاَ شَيْءَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ لاَ لِغَيْرِهِ وَ إِذَا بَاعَهَا اَلسَّيِّدُ فَقَدْ بَانَتْ مِنَ اَلزَّوْجِ اَلْحُرِّ إِذَا كَانَ يَعْرِفُ هَذَا اَلْأَمْرَ".

Hadith.4569 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Sadan ibn Muslim, from Abu Basir, from one of the Imams (peace be upon them), regarding a man who married his bondwoman to a free man for a dowry of four hundred dirhams. He paid two hundred dirhams in advance and delayed the payment of the remaining two hundred dirhams. The husband then consummated the marriage with her. Later, her master sold her to another man. Who is responsible for the remaining two hundred dirhams? Imam (as) said: "If the husband did not pay the remainder of the dowry before she was sold, then neither he nor anyone else owes it. And when her master sold her, she became separated from the free husband, provided he was aware of this ruling."

4570 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ مَمْلُوكٍ لِرَجُلٍ أَبَقَ مِنْهُ فَأَتَى أَرْضاً فَذَكَرَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ حُرٌّ مِنْ رَهْطِ بَنِي فُلاَنٍ وَ أَنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَ اِمْرَأَةً مِنْ أَهْلِ تِلْكَ اَلْأَرْضِ فَأَوْلَدَهَا أَوْلاَداً وَ أَنَّ اَلْمَرْأَةَ مَاتَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ فِي يَدِهِ مَالاً وَ ضَيْعَةً وَ وَلَدَهَا ثُمَّ إِنَّ سَيِّدَهُ بَعْدُ أَتَى تِلْكَ اَلْأَرْضَ فَأَخَذَ اَلْعَبْدَ وَ جَمِيعَ مَا فِي يَدِهِ وَ أَذْعَنَ لَهُ اَلْعَبْدُ بِالرِّقِّ فَقَالَ "أَمَّا اَلْعَبْدُ فَعَبْدُهُ وَ أَمَّا اَلْمَالُ وَ اَلضَّيْعَةُ فَإِنَّهُ لِوَلَدِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ اَلْمَيِّتَةِ لاَ يَرِثُ عَبْدٌ حُرّاً" قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَرْأَةِ يَوْمَ مَاتَتْ وَلَدٌ وَ لاَ وَارِثٌ لِمَنْ يَكُونُ اَلْمَالُ وَ اَلضَّيْعَةُ اَلَّتِي تَرَكَتْهَا فِي يَدِ اَلْعَبْدِ فَقَالَ "يَكُونُ جَمِيعُ مَا تَرَكَتْ لِإِمَامِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ خَاصَّةً".

Hadith.4570 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Al-Alaa, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said: I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a slave belonging to a man who fled and went to another land. There, he claimed to be a free man from a certain tribe and married a woman from that land, fathered children with her, and then she died, leaving behind wealth, property, and her children in his care. Later, his master came to that land, reclaimed the slave and all that was in his possession, and the slave admitted to being his property. Imam (as) said: "As for the slave, he belongs to his master. However, the wealth and property belong to the children of the deceased woman. A slave does not inherit from a free person." I said: "May I be your ransom! What if the woman had no children or heirs when she died? Who would the wealth and property belong to?" Imam (as) said: "All that she left behind would belong exclusively to the Imam of the Muslims."

4571 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ حَكَمٍ اَلْأَعْمَى وَ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ عَمَّارٍ اَلسَّابَاطِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَذِنَ لِغُلاَمِهِ فِي اِمْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ فَتَزَوَّجَهَا ثُمَّ إِنَّ اَلْعَبْدَ أَبَقَ مِنْ مَوَالِيهِ فَجَاءَتِ اِمْرَأَةُ اَلْعَبْدِ تَطْلُبُ نَفَقَتَهَا مِنْ مَوْلَى اَلْعَبْدِ فَقَالَ "لَيْسَ لَهَا عَلَى مَوْلَى اَلْعَبْدِ نَفَقَةٌ وَ قَدْ بَانَتْ عِصْمَتُهَا مِنْهُ لِأَنَّ إِبَاقَ اَلْعَبْدِ طَلاَقُ اِمْرَأَتِهِ وَ هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ اَلْمُرْتَدِّ عَنِ اَلْإِسْلاَمِ " قُلْتُ فَإِنْ هُوَ رَجَعَ إِلَى مَوْلاَهُ أَ تَرْجِعُ اِمْرَأَتُهُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ اِنْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا مِنْهُ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَتْ زَوْجاً غَيْرَهُ فَلاَ سَبِيلَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ لَمْ تَتَزَوَّجْ فَهِيَ اِمْرَأَتُهُ عَلَى اَلنِّكَاحِ اَلْأَوَّلِ".

Hadith.4571 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Hakam al-Ama and Hisham ibn Salim, from Ammar al-Sabati, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who permitted his slave to marry a free woman. The slave then fled from his master, and the wife of the slave came seeking maintenance from the master of the slave. Imam (as) said: "She has no right to maintenance from the master of the slave, and her marriage bond with the slave is severed, because the slave's escape is considered a divorce, and he is like one who has apostatized from Islam." I asked: "If the slave returns to his master, does his wife return to him?" Imam (as) said: "If her waiting period (iddah) has ended and she has married another husband, then he has no claim over her. However, if she has not married another, she remains his wife based on the original marriage contract."

4572 - وَ رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "قَضَى أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فِي اِمْرَأَةٍ أَمْكَنَتْ مِنْ نَفْسِهَا عَبْداً لَهَا فَنَكَحَهَا "أَنْ تُضْرَبَ مِائَةً وَ يُضْرَبَ اَلْعَبْدُ خَمْسِينَ جَلْدَةً وَ أَنْ يُبَاعَ بِصُغْرٍ مِنْهَا" وَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا عَبْداً مُدْرِكاً بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ".

Hadith.4572 - Al-Alaa narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: "Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled in the case of a woman who allowed her slave to have relations with her and married him: She is to be given one hundred lashes, and the slave is to be given fifty lashes. The slave is then to be sold in a manner that ensures he is distanced from her (bi-sughrin minha). It is forbidden for any Muslim to sell her a mature slave after that incident."

4573 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلْعَزِيزِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي عَبْدٍ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ زَوَّجَهُ أَحَدُهُمَا وَ اَلْآخَرُ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِهِ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ عَلِمَ بِهِ بَعْدُ أَ لَهُ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا قَالَ "لِلَّذِي لَمْ يَعْلَمْ وَ لَمْ يَأْذَنْ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا إِذَا عَلِمَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ عَلَى نِكَاحِهِ".

Hadith.4573 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdul-Aziz, from Ubayd ibn Zurarah, from Abu Abdillah (as) regarding a slave jointly owned by two men - one of them married him off without the knowledge of the other. Later, the second owner found out about the marriage. Imam (as) said: "The one who was unaware and did not give permission has the right to annul the marriage when he learns about it. However, if he wishes, he may allow the marriage to remain valid."

4574 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ يُزَوِّجُ مَمْلُوكاً لَهُ اِمْرَأَةً حُرَّةً عَلَى مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ بَاعَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ عَلَيْهَا فَقَالَ "يُعْطِيهَا سَيِّدُهُ مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ نِصْفَ مَا فَرَضَ لَهَا إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ دَيْنٍ اِسْتَدَانَهُ بِإِذْنِ سَيِّدِهِ".

Hadith.4574 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah, from Abu al-Hasan (as) regarding a man who married his slave to a free woman for a dowry of one hundred dirhams. Then, before the slave consummated the marriage with her, the master sold him. Imam (as) said: "The master must give her half of the agreed dowry from the price he received for selling the slave. This is treated as a debt that the slave incurred with the permission of his master."

4575 - وَ سَأَلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : عَنِ اِمْرَأَةٍ أَحَلَّتْ لِزَوْجِهَا جَارِيَتَهَا فَقَالَ "ذَلِكَ لَهُ" قَالَ فَإِنْ خَافَ أَنْ تَكُونَ تَمْزَحُ قَالَ "فَإِنْ عَلِمَ أَنَّهَا تَمْزَحُ فَلاَ".

Hadith.4575 - Muhammad ibn Ismail ibn Bazi asked Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) about a woman who permitted her husband to have relations with her bondwoman. Imam (as) said: "That is permissible for him." He then asked: "What if he fears that she might be joking?" Imam (as) said: "If he knows that she is joking, then it is not permissible."