Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

4496 - وَ سَأَلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ إِلَى قَوْمٍ اِمْرَأَةً فَوَجَدَهَا عَوْرَاءَ وَ لَمْ يُبَيِّنُوا أَ لَهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّهَا قَالَ "لاَ يَرُدَّهَا إِنَّمَا يُرَدُّ اَلنِّكَاحُ مِنَ اَلْجُنُونِ وَ اَلْجُذَامِ وَ اَلْبَرَصِ" قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ "لَهَا اَلْمَهْرُ بِمَا اِسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا وَ يَغْرَمُ وَلِيُّهَا اَلَّذِي أَنْكَحَهَا مِثْلَ مَا سَاقَهُ".

Hadith.4496 - Muhammad ibn Muslim asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who married a woman from a family and later found her to be one-eyed, but they had not disclosed this to him. Does he have the right to return her? Imam (as) said: "He cannot return her. Marriage can only be annulled for reasons of insanity, leprosy, and vitiligo." I said: What if he has already consummated the marriage with her? What should he do then? He (as) said: "She is entitled to her dowry for what has been made lawful to him from her private parts. However her guardian, who married her off, must compensate him with an amount equal to what he paid as dowry."

4497 - وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اَلْحَمِيدِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "تُرَدُّ اَلْعَمْيَاءُ وَ اَلْبَرْصَاءُ وَ اَلْجَذْمَاءُ وَ اَلْعَرْجَاءُ ".

Hadith.4497 - Abd al-Hamid narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, who said: Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: "A blind woman, a woman with vitiligo, a woman with leprosy, and a lame woman can be returned (marriage contract can be annulled due to these conditions)."

4498 - وَ رَوَى حَمَّادٌ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ إِلَى قَوْمٍ فَإِذَا اِمْرَأَتُهُ عَوْرَاءُ وَ لَمْ يُبَيِّنُوا لَهُ قَالَ "لاَ تُرَدُّ إِنَّمَا يُرَدُّ اَلنِّكَاحُ مِنَ اَلْبَرَصِ وَ اَلْجُذَامِ وَ اَلْجُنُونِ وَ اَلْعَفَلِ" قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ قَدْ دَخَلَ بِهَا كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ بِمَهْرِهَا قَالَ "اَلْمَهْرُ لَهَا بِمَا اِسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا وَ يَغْرَمُ وَلِيُّهَا اَلَّذِي أَنْكَحَهَا مِثْلَ مَا سَاقَ إِلَيْهَا".

Hadith.4498 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah (as), who said regarding a man who marries into a family and finds that his wife is one-eyed, and they did not disclose this to him: "She cannot be returned. Only marriage can be annulled due to vitiligo, leprosy, insanity, or defects of the genitalia (impairing intimacy)." I asked: "What if he has already consummated the marriage? What happens to her dowry?" Imam (as) replied: "The dowry is hers because he has made lawful what was private to her. Her guardian who arranged the marriage must compensate him with an amount equal to what he gave as dowry."

4499 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ اِمْرَأَةً فَوَجَدَهَا قَرْنَاءَ قَالَ "هَذِهِ لاَ تَحْبَلُ تُرَدُّ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا" قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ دَخَلَ بِهَا قَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ عَلِمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُجَامِعَهَا ثُمَّ جَامَعَهَا فَقَدْ رَضِيَ بِهَا وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِهَا إِلاَّ بَعْدَ مَا جَامَعَهَا فَإِنْ شَاءَ بَعْدُ أَمْسَكَهَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَ سَرَّحَهَا إِلَى أَهْلِهَا وَ لَهَا مَا أَخَذَتْ مِنْهُ بِمَا اِسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا".

Hadith.4499 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Al-Hasan ibn Salih, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who married a woman and later found her to have a genital defect (imperforation or obstruction). Imam (as) said: "Such a woman cannot conceive and should be returned to her family." I said: What if he had already consummated the marriage with her? Imam (as) said: "If he knew about the defect before having relations with her and still proceeded, then he has accepted her. However, if he only discovered it after consummating the marriage, then he has the choice to either keep her or return her to her family. In either case, she is entitled to keep what he gave her for making her private parts lawful to him."

4500 - رَوَى عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ اَلْحِمْيَرِيُّ عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ زَوَّجَ اِبْنَتَهُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ فَرَغِبَ فِيهِ ثُمَّ زَهِدَ فِيهِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ اِبْنَتِهِ وَ أَبَى اَلْخَتَنُ ذَلِكَ وَ لَمْ يُجِبْ إِلَى اَلطَّلاَقِ فَأَخَذَهُ بِمَهْرِ اِبْنَتِهِ لِيُجِيبَ إِلَى اَلطَّلاَقِ وَ مَذْهَبُ اَلْأَبِ اَلتَّخَلُّصُ مِنْهُ فَلَمَّا أُخِذَ بِالْمَهْرِ أَجَابَ إِلَى اَلطَّلاَقِ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "إِنْ كَانَ اَلزُّهْدُ مِنْ طَرِيقِ اَلدِّينِ فَلْيَعْمِدْ إِلَى اَلتَّخَلُّصِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَهُ فَلاَ يَتَعَرَّضْ لِذَلِكَ".

Hadith.4500 - Abdullah ibn Jafar al-Himyari narrated from Al-Hasan ibn Malik, who said: I wrote to Abu al-Hasan (as) about a man who had married his daughter to another man. Initially, he was pleased with him, but later he lost interest in him and wished to separate his daughter from him. However, the son-in-law refused to comply and did not agree to divorce her. The father then demanded the dowry of his daughter from him to compel him to agree to the divorce. The father's intention was to free his daughter from the marriage. When the dowry was demanded, the son-in-law agreed to the divorce. Imam (as) wrote in reply: "If the disinterest is based on religious grounds, then let him seek to free himself from the situation. However, if it is for any other reason, he should not interfere in the matter."

4501 - رَوَى اَلْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ اَلْقَصَبَانِيُّ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ اَلْحُصَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: ۝ وَ اَلْوٰالِدٰاتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلاٰدَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كٰامِلَيْنِ ۝ قَالَ "مَا دَامَ اَلْوَلَدُ فِي اَلرَّضَاعِ فَهُوَ بَيْنَ اَلْأَبَوَيْنِ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ فَإِذَا فُطِمَ فَالْأَبُ أَحَقُّ بِهِ مِنَ اَلْأُمِّ فَإِذَا مَاتَ اَلْأَبُ فَالْأُمُّ أَحَقُّ بِهِ مِنَ اَلْعَصَبَةِ وَ إِنْ وَجَدَ اَلْأَبُ مَنْ يُرْضِعُهُ بِأَرْبَعَةِ دَرَاهِمَ فَقَالَتِ اَلْأُمُّ لاَ أُرْضِعُهُ إِلاَّ بِخَمْسَةِ دَرَاهِمَ فَإِنَّ لَهُ أَنْ يَنْزِعَهُ مِنْهَا إِلاَّ أَنَّ خَيْراً لَهُ وَ أَرْفَقَ بِهِ أَنْ يَذَرَهُ مَعَ أُمِّهِ".

Hadith.4501 - Al-Abbas ibn Amir al-Qasbani narrated from Dawud ibn al-Husayn, from Abu Abdillah (as) regarding the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: "And the mothers shall suckle their children for two full years." (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:233) Imam (as) said: "As long as the child is being nursed, the parents share equal rights over it. But when the child is weaned, the father has more right to it than the mother. However, if the father dies, the mother has more right to the child than the paternal relatives. If the father finds someone to nurse the child for four dirhams, and the mother says, 'I will not nurse him except for five dirhams,' then he has the right to take the child away from her. Nevertheless, it is better and more beneficial for the child to remain with its mother."

4502 - وَ رَوَى سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ اَلْمِنْقَرِيُّ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ اِمْرَأَتَهُ وَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَلَدٌ أَيُّهُمَا أَحَقُّ بِهِ قَالَ "اَلْمَرْأَةُ مَا لَمْ تَتَزَوَّجْ".

Hadith.4502 - Sulaiman ibn Dawud al-Minqari narrated from Hafs ibn Ghiyath or another person, who said: I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who divorced his wife, and they had a child between them. Which of them has more right to the child? Imam (as) said: "The mother, as long as she does not remarry."

4503 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنِ اَلْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "أَيُّمَا اِمْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ تَزَوَّجَتْ عَبْداً فَوَلَدَتْ مِنْهُ أَوْلاَداً فَهِيَ أَحَقُّ بِوُلْدِهَا مِنْهُ وَ هُمْ أَحْرَارٌ فَإِذَا أُعْتِقَ اَلرَّجُلُ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِوُلْدِهِ مِنْهَا لِمَوْضِعِ اَلْأَبِ".

Hadith.4503 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Ayyub, from Al-Fudhayl ibn Yasar, from Abu Abdillah (as), who said: "Any free woman who marries a slave and bears children from him, she has more right to her children than he does, and the children are free. However, if the man is emancipated, then he has more right to his children than she does because of his position as their father."

4504 - وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ اَلْحِمْيَرِيُّ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ نُوحٍ قَالَ: كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَتْ لِيَ اِمْرَأَةٌ وَ لِي مِنْهَا وَلَدٌ وَ خَلَّيْتُ سَبِيلَهَا فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "اَلْمَرْأَةُ أَحَقُّ بِالْوَلَدِ إِلَى أَنْ يَبْلُغَ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ إِلاَّ أَنْ تَشَاءَ اَلْمَرْأَةُ".

Hadith.4504 - Abdullah ibn Jafar al-Himyari narrated from Ayyub ibn Nuh, who said: One of his (as) companions wrote to him, saying: "I had a wife, and I have a child from her, but I divorced her." Imam (as) wrote in reply: "The mother has more right to the child until the child reaches seven years of age, unless the mother chooses otherwise."

4505 - رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى اَلْخَزَّازُ عَنْ غِيَاثِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ صَلَوَاتُُ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ : "مُبَاشَرَةُ اَلْمَرْأَةِ اِبْنَتَهَا إِذَا بَلَغَتْ سِتَّ سِنِينَ شُعْبَةٌ مِنَ اَلزِّنَا".

Hadith.4505 - Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Khazzaz narrated from Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim, from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: "Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "A woman touching her daughter in an inappropriate manner once she has reached six years of age is a form of indecency (a branch of fornication)."