Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

3244 - فِي رِوَايَةِ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ بَعْضِ رِجَالِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلْبَيِّنَةِ إِذَا أُقِيمَتْ عَلَى اَلْحَقِّ أَ يَحِلُّ لِلْقَاضِي أَنْ يَقْضِيَ بِقَوْلِ اَلْبَيِّنَةِ فَقَالَ "خَمْسَةُ أَشْيَاءَ يَجِبُ عَلَى اَلنَّاسِ اَلْأَخْذُ فِيهَا بِظَاهِرِ اَلْحُكْمِ اَلْوِلاَيَاتُ وَ اَلْمَنَاكِحُ وَ اَلذَّبَائِحُ وَ اَلشَّهَادَاتُ وَ اَلْأَنْسَابُ فَإِذَا كَانَ ظَاهِرُ اَلرَّجُلِ ظَاهِراً مَأْمُوناً، جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ وَ لاَ يُسْأَلُ عَنْ بَاطِنِهِ ".

Hadith.3244 - In the narration of Yunus ibn Abd al-Rahman, from some of his companions, from Abu Abdillah (as): I asked him about evidence when it is presented to establish a right-whether it is permissible for the judge to rule based on the testimony of the witnesses. Imam (as) said: "There are five matters in which people must act according to apparent judgment: leadership positions, marriages, slaughtered animals, testimonies, and lineage. So, if a man's outward appearance is trustworthy, his testimony is accepted, and his inner state is not investigated."

3245 - فِي رِوَايَةِ اَلنَّضْرِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ يَرْفَعُهُ : أَنَّ رَجُلاً حَلَفَ أَنْ يَزِنَ فِيلاً فَقَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ "يُدْخِلُ اَلْفِيلَ سَفِينَةً ثُمَّ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى مَوْضِعِ مَبْلَغِ اَلْمَاءِ مِنَ اَلسَّفِينَةِ فَيُعَلِّمُ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُ اَلْفِيلَ وَ يُلْقِي فِي اَلسَّفِينَةِ حَدِيداً أَوْ صُفْراً أَوْ مَا شَاءَ فَإِذَا بَلَغَ اَلْمَوْضِعَ اَلَّذِي عَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ وَ وَزَنَهُ".

Hadith.3245 - In the narration of al-Nadr ibn Suwayd, attributed to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family): A man swore an oath that he would weigh an elephant. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: "He should place the elephant in a boat, then observe the water level reached by the boat and mark it. After that, he should remove the elephant and load the boat with iron, copper, or anything he wishes until it reaches the marked water level. Then, he should take out the loaded material and weigh it."

3246 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ غَالِبٍ اَلْأَسَدِيِّ رَفَعَ اَلْحَدِيثَ قَالَ : بَيْنَمَا رَجُلاَنِ جَالِسَانِ فِي زَمَنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ اَلْخَطَّابِ إِذْ مَرَّ بِهِمَا رَجُلٌ مُقَيَّدٌ فَقَالَ أَحَدُ اَلرَّجُلَيْنِ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي قَيْدِهِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا فَامْرَأَتُهُ طَالِقٌ ثَلاَثاً فَقَالَ اَلْآخَرُ إِنْ كَانَ فِيهِ كَمَا قُلْتَ فَامْرَأَتُهُ طَالِقٌ ثَلاَثاً فَذَهَبَا إِلَى مَوْلَى اَلْعَبْدِ وَ هُوَ اَلْمُقَيِّدُ فَقَالاَ لَهُ إِنَّا حَلَفْنَا عَلَى كَذَا وَ كَذَا فَحُلَّ قَيْدَ غُلاَمِكَ حَتَّى نَزِنَهُ فَقَالَ مَوْلَى اَلْعَبْدِ اِمْرَأَتُهُ طَالِقٌ إِنْ حَلَلْتُ قَيْدَ غُلاَمِي فَارْتَفَعُوا إِلَى عُمَرَ فَقَصُّوا عَلَيْهِ اَلْقِصَّةَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ مَوْلاَهُ أَحَقُّ بِهِ اِذْهَبُوا بِهِ إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ لَعَلَّهُ يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ فِي هَذَا شَيْءٌ فَأَتَوْا عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقَصُّوا عَلَيْهِ اَلْقِصَّةَ فَقَالَ "مَا أَهْوَنَ هَذَا" فَدَعَا بِجَفْنَةٍ وَ أَمَرَ بِقَيْدِهِ فَشُدَّ فِيهِ خَيْطٌ وَ أَدْخَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ وَ اَلْقَيْدَ فِي اَلْجَفْنَةِ ثُمَّ صَبَّ عَلَيْهِ اَلْمَاءَ حَتَّى اِمْتَلَأَتْ ثُمَّ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "اِرْفَعُوا اَلْقَيْدَ" فَرَفَعُوا اَلْقَيْدَ حَتَّى أُخْرِجَ مِنَ اَلْمَاءِ فَلَمَّا أُخْرِجَ نَقَصَ اَلْمَاءُ ثُمَّ دَعَا بِزُبَرِ اَلْحَدِيدِ فَأَرْسَلَهُ فِي اَلْمَاءِ حَتَّى تَرَاجَعَ اَلْمَاءُ إِلَى مَوْضِعِهِ وَ اَلْقَيْدُ فِي اَلْمَاءِ ثُمَّ قَالَ "زِنُوا هَذَا اَلزُّبَرَ فَهُوَ وَزْنُهُ".

Hadith.3246 - In the narration of Amr ibn Shimr, from Jafar ibn Ghalib al-Asadi, who reported: Two men were sitting during the time of Umar ibn al-Khattab when a man passed by them in chains. One of the men said: "If there is not such-and-such weight in his chains, then my wife is divorced three times." The other man said: "If there is such-and-such weight in his chains as you said, then my wife is divorced three times." They went to the owner of the chained slave and said: "We have sworn oaths regarding such-and-such, so release the chain of your slave so that we may weigh it." The owner of the slave said: "My wife will be divorced if I release the chain of my slave." So, they went to Umar and told him the story. Umar said: "The owner has more right over his slave. Go to Ali ibn Abi Talib - perhaps he has something regarding this matter." They went to Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) and told him the story. Imam (as) said: "How simple this is!" Imam (as) called for a large basin and ordered the chain to be tied with a string and placed in the basin. Then Imam (as) put the man's feet and the chain into the basin and filled it with water until it was full. Then Imam (as) said: "Lift the chain." When they lifted the chain out of the water, the water level dropped. Imam (as) then called for pieces of iron and placed them into the water until the water level returned to its original position. Then Imam (as) said: "Weigh these pieces of iron-they are equal in weight to the chain."

3247 - وَ رَوَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَائِذٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلَيْنِ مَمْلُوكَيْنِ مُفَوَّضٍ إِلَيْهِمَا يَشْتَرِيَانِ وَ يَبِيعَانِ بِأَمْوَالِ مَوَالِيهِمَا فَكَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا كَلاَمٌ فَاقْتَتَلاَ فَخَرَجَ هَذَا يَعْدُو إِلَى مَوْلَى هَذَا وَ هَذَا إِلَى مَوْلَى هَذَا وَ هُمَا فِي اَلْقُوَّةِ سَوَاءٌ فَاشْتَرَى هَذَا مِنْ مَوْلَى هَذَا اَلْعَبْدِ وَ ذَهَبَ هَذَا فَاشْتَرَى هَذَا مِنْ مَوْلاَهُ وَ جَاءَ هَذَا وَ أَخَذَ بِتَلْبِيبِ هَذَا وَ أَخَذَ هَذَا بِتَلْبِيبِ هَذَا وَ قَالَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ أَنْتَ عَبْدِي قَدِ اِشْتَرَيْتُكَ قَالَ "يُحْكَمُ بَيْنَهُمَا مِنْ حَيْثُ اِفْتَرَقَا فَيُذْرَعُ اَلطَّرِيقُ فَأَيُّهُمَا كَانَ أَقْرَبَ فَالَّذِي أَخَذَ فِيهِ هُوَ اَلَّذِي سَبَقَ اَلَّذِي هُوَ أَبْعَدُ وَ إِنْ كَانَا سَوَاءً فَهُمَا رَدٌّ عَلَى مَوَالِيهِمَا".

Hadith.3247 - Ahmad ibn A'idh narrated from Abu Salamah, from Abu Abdillah (as), regarding two slave men who were authorized to buy and sell with the wealth of their masters. A dispute arose between them, and they fought. Each ran to the master of the other. They were equal in strength. One purchased the other from his master, and the other did the same, purchasing his opponent from his master. Then each of them grabbed the collar of the other, saying, "You are my slave; I have purchased you." Imam (as) said: "They should be judged based on the point where they separated. The path should be measured, and whichever one was closer to his master, he is considered to have reached first and thus has precedence over the one farther away. But if both distances are equal, they are returned to their respective masters."

3248 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلثَّقَفِيِّ قَالَ : اِسْتَوْدَعَ رَجُلاَنِ اِمْرَأَةً وَدِيعَةً وَ قَالاَ لَهَا لاَ تَدْفَعِي إِلَى وَاحِدٍ مِنَّا حَتَّى نَجْتَمِعَ عِنْدَكِ ثُمَّ اِنْطَلَقَا فَغَابَا فَجَاءَ أَحَدُهُمَا إِلَيْهَا وَ قَالَ أَعْطِينِي وَدِيعَتِي فَإِنَّ صَاحِبِي قَدْ مَاتَ فَأَبَتْ حَتَّى كَثُرَ اِخْتِلاَفُهُ إِلَيْهَا ثُمَّ أَعْطَتْهُ ثُمَّ جَاءَ اَلْآخَرُ فَقَالَ هَاتِي وَدِيعَتِي قَالَتْ أَخَذَهَا صَاحِبُكَ وَ ذَكَرَ أَنَّكَ قَدْ مِتَّ فَارْتَفَعَا إِلَى عُمَرَ فَقَالَ لَهَا عُمَرُ مَا أَرَاكِ إِلاَّ وَ قَدْ ضَمِنْتِ فَقَالَتِ اَلْمَرْأَةُ اِجْعَلْ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ اِقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "هَذِهِ اَلْوَدِيعَةُ عِنْدَهَا وَ قَدْ أَمَرْتُمَاهَا أَلاَّ تَدْفَعَهَا إِلَى وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُمَا حَتَّى تَجْتَمِعَا عِنْدَهَا فَائْتِنِي بِصَاحِبِكَ وَ لَمْ يُضَمِّنْهَا" وَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "إِنَّمَا أَرَادَا أَنْ يَذْهَبَا بِمَالِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ".

Hadith.3248 - In the narration of Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Thaqafi: Two men entrusted a woman with a deposit and said to her, "Do not give it to either of us until we both come together to collect it." Then they left and were absent for a while. One of them came to her and said: "Give me my deposit, for my companion has died." She refused, but he repeatedly came to her until she finally gave it to him. Later, the other man came and said: "Give me my deposit." She replied: "Your companion took it and claimed that you had died." They brought their case before Umar, who said to her, "I see no way except that you are liable." The woman said: "Make Ali (as) judge between me and him." So Umar said to Imam (as): "Judge between them." Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "This deposit is still with her, and you both instructed her not to hand it over to either of you until you were both present. Bring your companion to me." Thus, Imam (as) did not hold her liable. Then Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "They only intended to deceive the woman and take her wealth."

3249 - وَ رَوَى عَاصِمُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "كَانَ لِرَجُلٍ عَلَى عَهْدِ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ جَارِيَتَانِ فَوَلَدَتَا جَمِيعاً فِي لَيْلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ إِحْدَاهُمَا اِبْناً وَ اَلْأُخْرَى بِنْتاً فَعَمَدَتْ صَاحِبَةُ اَلاِبْنَةِ فَوَضَعَتِ اِبْنَتَهَا فِي اَلْمَهْدِ اَلَّذِي كَانَ فِيهِ اَلاِبْنُ وَ أَخَذَتِ اِبْنَهَا فَقَالَتْ صَاحِبَةُ اَلاِبْنَةِ اَلاِبْنُ اِبْنِي وَ قَالَتْ صَاحِبَةُ اَلاِبْنِ اَلاِبْنُ اِبْنِي فَتَحَاكَمَا إِلَى أَمِيرِ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَأَمَرَ أَنْ يُوزَنَ لَبَنُهُمَا وَ قَالَ "أَيَّتُهُمَا كَانَتْ أَثْقَلَ لَبَناً فَالاِبْنُ لَهَا" ".

Hadith.3249 - Asim ibn Humayd narrated from Muhammad ibn Qays, from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: During the time of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), a man had two female slaves, and both gave birth on the same night-one to a son and the other to a daughter. The mother of the daughter took her child and placed her in the cradle that contained the son, and she took the son for herself. The mother of the daughter claimed, "The son is mine," and the mother of the son also said: "The son is mine." They brought their case before Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as). Imam (as) ordered that their milk be weighed and said: "Whichever of the two has the heavier milk, the son belongs to her."

3250 - وَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "ضَرَبَ رَجُلٌ رَجُلاً فِي هَامَتِهِ عَلَى عَهْدِ أَمِيرِ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَادَّعَى اَلْمَضْرُوبُ أَنَّهُ لاَ يُبْصِرُ بِعَيْنَيْهِ شَيْئاً وَ أَنَّهُ لاَ يَشَمُّ رَائِحَةً، وَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ خَرِسَ فَلاَ يَنْطِقُ فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "إِنْ كَانَ صَادِقاً فَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ ثَلاَثُ دِيَاتِ اَلنَّفْسِ" فَقِيلَ لَهُ وَ كَيْفَ يَسْتَبِينُ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ يَا أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَتَّى نَعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ صَادِقٌ فَقَالَ "أَمَّا مَا اِدَّعَاهُ فِي عَيْنَيْهِ وَ أَنَّهُ لاَ يُبْصِرُ بِهِمَا فَإِنَّهُ يَسْتَبِينُ ذَلِكَ بِأَنْ يُقَالَ لَهُ اِرْفَعْ عَيْنَيْكَ إِلَى عَيْنِ اَلشَّمْسِ فَإِنْ كَانَ صَحِيحاً لَمْ يَتَمَالَكْ إِلاَّ أَنْ يُغْمِضَ عَيْنَيْهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ صَادِقاً لَمْ يُبْصِرْ بِهِمَا وَ بَقِيَتْ عَيْنَاهُ مَفْتُوحَتَيْنِ وَ أَمَّا مَا اِدَّعَاهُ فِي خَيَاشِيمِهِ وَ أَنَّهُ لاَ يَشَمُّ رَائِحَةً فَإِنَّهُ يَسْتَبِينُ ذَلِكَ بِحُرَاقٍ يُدْنَى مِنْ أَنْفِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ صَحِيحاً وَصَلَتْ رَائِحَةُ اَلْحُرَاقِ إِلَى دِمَاغِهِ وَ دَمَعَتْ عَيْنَاهُ وَ نَحَّى بِرَأْسِهِ وَ أَمَّا مَا اِدَّعَاهُ فِي لِسَانِهِ مِنَ اَلْخَرَسِ وَ أَنَّهُ لاَ يَنْطِقُ فَإِنَّهُ يَسْتَبِينُ ذَلِكَ بِإِبْرَةٍ تُضْرَبُ عَلَى لِسَانِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ يَنْطِقُ خَرَجَ اَلدَّمُ أَحْمَرَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لاَ يَنْطِقُ خَرَجَ اَلدَّمُ أَسْوَدَ" ".

Hadith.3250 - Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: A man struck another man on the head during the time of Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as). The injured man claimed that he could no longer see with his eyes, could not smell any fragrance, and had lost his speech, becoming mute. Commander of the Faithful (as) said: "If he is truthful, then he is entitled to three blood-money compensations." It was asked: "O Commander of the Faithful, how can it be verified whether he is truthful?" Imam (as) replied: "As for what he claims about his eyes, that he cannot see, it can be verified by asking him to look up at the sun. If he is healthy, he will be unable to stop himself from closing his eyes, but if he is truthful and cannot see, his eyes will remain open. As for his claim about his nose, that he cannot smell, it can be verified by bringing something pungent close to his nose. If he is healthy, the smell will reach his brain, his eyes will water, and he will turn his head away. As for his claim about his tongue, that he is mute and cannot speak, it can be verified by pricking his tongue with a needle. If he is able to speak, the blood will flow red, but if he is mute, the blood will flow black."

3251 - وَ رَوَى سَعْدُ بْنُ طَرِيفٍ عَنِ اَلْأَصْبَغِ بْنِ نُبَاتَةَ قَالَ : أُتِيَ عُمَرُ بْنُ اَلْخَطَّابِ بِجَارِيَةٍ فَشَهِدَ عَلَيْهَا شُهُودٌ أَنَّهَا بَغَتْ وَ كَانَ مِنْ قِصَّتِهَا أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ يَتِيمَةً عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ وَ كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ اِمْرَأَةٌ وَ كَانَ اَلرَّجُلُ كَثِيراً مَا يَغِيبُ عَنْ أَهْلِهِ فَشَبَّتِ اَلْيَتِيمَةُ وَ كَانَتْ جَمِيلَةً فَتَخَوَّفَتِ اَلْمَرْأَةُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا زَوْجُهَا إِذَا رَجَعَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ فَدَعَتْ بِنِسْوَةٍ مِنْ جِيرَانِهَا فَأَمْسَكْنَهَا ثُمَّ اِقْتَضَّتْهَا بِإِصْبَعِهَا فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ زَوْجُهَا سَأَلَ اِمْرَأَتَهُ عَنِ اَلْيَتِيمَةِ فَرَمَتْهَا بِالْفَاحِشَةِ وَ أَقَامَتِ اَلْبَيِّنَةَ مِنْ جِيرَانِهَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ اَلْخَطَّابِ فَلَمْ يَدْرِ كَيْفَ يَقْضِي فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لِلرَّجُلِ اِذْهَبْ بِهَا إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَأَتَوْا عَلِيّاً وَ قَصُّوا عَلَيْهِ اَلْقِصَّةَ فَقَالَ لاِمْرَأَةِ اَلرَّجُلِ "أَ لَكِ بَيِّنَةٌ" قَالَتْ نَعَمْ هَؤُلاَءِ جِيرَانِي يَشْهَدْنَ عَلَيْهَا بِمَا أَقُولُ فَأَخْرَجَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلسَّيْفَ مِنْ غِمْدِهِ وَ طَرَحَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنَ اَلشُّهُودِ فَأُدْخِلَتْ بَيْتاً ثُمَّ دَعَا بِامْرَأَةِ اَلرَّجُلِ فَأَدَارَهَا بِكُلِّ وَجْهٍ فَأَبَتْ أَنْ تَزُولَ عَنْ قَوْلِهَا فَرَدَّهَا إِلَى اَلْبَيْتِ اَلَّذِي كَانَتْ فِيهِ ثُمَّ دَعَا بِإِحْدَى اَلشُّهُودِ وَ جَثَا عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَ قَالَ لَهَا "أَ تَعْرِفِينِي أَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَ هَذَا سَيْفِي وَ قَدْ قَالَتِ اِمْرَأَةُ اَلرَّجُلِ مَا قَالَتْ وَ رَجَعَتْ إِلَى اَلْحَقِّ وَ أَعْطَيْتُهَا اَلْأَمَانَ فَاصْدُقِينِي وَ إِلاَّ مَلَأْتُ سَيْفِي مِنْكِ" فَالْتَفَتَتِ اَلْمَرْأَةُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ فَقَالَتْ يَا أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ اَلْأَمَانَ عَلَى اَلصِّدْقِ فَقَالَ لَهَا عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "فَاصْدُقِي" فَقَالَتْ لاَ وَ اَللَّهِ مَا زَنَتِ اَلْيَتِيمَةُ وَ لَكِنِ اِمْرَأَةُ اَلرَّجُلِ لَمَّا رَأَتْ حُسْنَهَا وَ جَمَالَهَا وَ هَيْئَتَهَا خَافَتْ فَسَادَ زَوْجِهَا فَسَقَتْهَا اَلْمُسْكِرَ وَ دَعَتْنَا فَأَمْسَكْنَاهَا فَاقْتَضَّتْهَا بِإِصْبَعِهَا فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "اَللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اَللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ أَنَا أَوَّلُ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ اَلشُّهُودِ إِلاَّ دَانِيَالَ " ثُمَّ حَدَّ اَلْمَرْأَةَ حَدَّ اَلْقَاذِفِ وَ أَلْزَمَهَا وَ مَنْ سَاعَدَهَا عَلَى اِقْتِضَاضِ اَلْيَتِيمَةِ اَلْمَهْرَ لَهَا أَرْبَعَ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ اَلْمَرْأَةِ وَ زَوْجِهَا وَ زَوَّجَهُ اَلْيَتِيمَةَ وَ سَاقَ عَنْهُ اَلْمَهْرَ إِلَيْهَا مِنْ مَالِهِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ اَلْخَطَّابِ فَحَدِّثْنَا يَا أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ بِحَدِيثِ دَانِيَالَ اَلنَّبِيِّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقَالَ "إِنَّ دَانِيَالَ كَانَ غُلاَماً يَتِيماً لاَ أَبٌ لَهُ وَ لاَ أُمٌّ وَ إِنَّ اِمْرَأَةً مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عَجُوزاً ضَمَّتْهُ إِلَيْهَا وَ رَبَّتْهُ وَ إِنَّ مَلِكاً مِنْ مُلُوكِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ كَانَ لَهُ قَاضِيَانِ وَ كَانَ لَهُ صَدِيقٌ وَ كَانَ رَجُلاً صَالِحاً وَ كَانَتْ لَهُ اِمْرَأَةٌ جَمِيلَةٌ وَ كَانَ يَأْتِي اَلْمَلِكَ فَيُحَدِّثُهُ فَاحْتَاجَ اَلْمَلِكُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ يَبْعَثُهُ فِي بَعْضِ أُمُورِهِ فَقَالَ لِلْقَاضِيَيْنِ اِخْتَارَا لِي رَجُلاً أَبْعَثْهُ فِي بَعْضِ أُمُورِي فَقَالاَ فُلاَنٌ فَوَجَّهَهُ اَلْمَلِكُ فَقَالَ اَلرَّجُلُ لِلْقَاضِيَيْنِ أُوصِيكُمَا بِامْرَأَتِي خَيْراً فَقَالاَ نَعَمْ فَخَرَجَ اَلرَّجُلُ وَ كَانَ اَلْقَاضِيَانِ يَأْتِيَانِ بَابَ اَلصَّدِيقِ فَعَشِقَا اِمْرَأَتَهُ فَرَاوَدَاهَا عَنْ نَفْسِهَا فَأَبَتْ عَلَيْهِمَا فَقَالاَ لَهَا إِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلِي شَهِدْنَا عَلَيْكِ عِنْدَ اَلْمَلِكِ بِالزِّنَا لِيَرْجُمَكِ فَقَالَتِ اِفْعَلاَ مَا شِئْتُمَا فَأَتَيَا اَلْمَلِكَ فَشَهِدَا عَلَيْهَا أَنَّهَا بَغَتْ وَ كَانَ لَهَا ذِكْرٌ حَسَنٌ جَمِيلٌ فَدَخَلَ اَلْمَلِكَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَمْرٌ عَظِيمٌ اِشْتَدَّ غَمُّهُ وَ كَانَ بِهَا مُعْجَباً فَقَالَ لَهُمَا إِنَّ قَوْلَكُمَا مَقْبُولٌ فَأَجِّلُوهَا ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ اُرْجُمُوهَا وَ نَادَى فِي مَدِينَتِهِ اُحْضُرُوا قَتْلَ فُلاَنَةَ اَلْعَابِدَةِ فَإِنَّهَا قَدْ بَغَتْ وَ قَدْ شَهِدَ عَلَيْهَا اَلْقَاضِيَانِ بِذَلِكَ فَأَكْثَرَ اَلنَّاسُ اَلْقَوْلَ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ اَلْمَلِكُ لِوَزِيرِهِ مَا عِنْدَكَ فِي هَذَا حِيلَةٌ فَقَالَ لاَ وَ اَللَّهِ مَا عِنْدِي فِي هَذَا شَيْءٌ فَلَمَّا كَانَ اَلْيَوْمُ اَلثَّالِثُ رَكِبَ اَلْوَزِيرُ وَ هُوَ آخِرُ أَيَّامِهَا فَإِذَا هُوَ بِغِلْمَانٍ عُرَاةٍ يَلْعَبُونَ وَ فِيهِمْ دَانِيَالُ فَقَالَ دَانِيَالُ يَا مَعْشَرَ اَلصِّبْيَانِ تَعَالَوْا حَتَّى أَكُونَ أَنَا اَلْمَلِكَ وَ تَكُونَ أَنْتَ يَا فُلاَنُ فُلاَنَةَ اَلْعَابِدَةَ وَ يَكُونَ فُلاَنٌ وَ فُلاَنٌ اَلْقَاضِيَيْنِ اَلشَّاهِدَيْنِ عَلَيْهَا ثُمَّ جَمَعَ تُرَاباً وَ جَعَلَ سَيْفاً مِنْ قَصَبٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْغِلْمَانِ خُذُوا بِيَدِ هَذَا فَنَحُّوهُ إِلَى مَوْضِعِ كَذَا وَ اَلْوَزِيرُ وَاقِفٌ وَ خُذُوا هَذَا فَنَحُّوهُ إِلَى مَوْضِعِ كَذَا ثُمَّ دَعَا بِأَحَدِهِمَا فَقَالَ قُلْ حَقّاً فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ لَمْ تَقُلْ حَقّاً قَتَلْتُكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ اَلْوَزِيرُ يَسْمَعُ فَقَالَ لَهُ بِمَ تَشْهَدُ عَلَى هَذِهِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ قَالَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّهَا زَنَتْ قَالَ فِي أَيِّ يَوْمٍ قَالَ فِي يَوْمِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا قَالَ فِي أَيِّ وَقْتٍ قَالَ فِي وَقْتِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا قَالَ فِي أَيِّ مَوْضِعٍ قَالَ فِي مَوْضِعِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا قَالَ مَعَ مَنْ قَالَ مَعَ فُلاَنِ بْنِ فُلاَنٍ فَقَالَ رُدُّوا هَذَا إِلَى مَكَانِهِ وَ هَاتُوا اَلْآخَرَ فَرَدُّوهُ وَ جَاءُوا بِالْآخَرِ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَخَالَفَ صَاحِبَهُ فِي اَلْقَوْلِ فَقَالَ دَانِيَالُ اَللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ اَللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ شَهِدَا عَلَيْهَا بِزُورٍ ثُمَّ نَادَى فِي اَلْغِلْمَانِ إِنَّ اَلْقَاضِيَيْنِ شَهِدَا عَلَى فُلاَنَةَ بِالزُّورِ فَاحْضُرُوا قَتْلَهُمَا فَذَهَبَ اَلْوَزِيرُ إِلَى اَلْمَلِكِ مُبَادِراً فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِالْخَبَرِ فَبَعَثَ اَلْمَلِكُ إِلَى اَلْقَاضِيَيْنِ فَأَحْضَرَهُمَا ثُمَّ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ فَعَلَ بِهِمَا كَمَا فَعَلَ دَانِيَالُ بِالْغُلاَمَيْنِ فَاخْتَلَفَا كَمَا اِخْتَلَفَا فَنَادَى فِي اَلنَّاسِ وَ أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِمَا".

Hadith.3251 - Sad ibn Tarif narrated from Al-Asbagh ibn Nubatah who said: A woman was brought before Umar ibn al-Khattab, and witnesses testified against her that she had committed adultery. Her story was that she was an orphan raised in the house of a man who had a wife. The man would frequently be away from home. The orphan grew up to be beautiful, and the man's wife feared that her husband might marry the orphan upon his return. So, the wife called some women from her neighborhood, restrained the orphan, and violated her with her finger. When the husband returned, his wife accused the orphan of indecency and brought forth witnesses from her neighbors to support her claim. The case was presented to Umar ibn al-Khattab, but he did not know how to judge it. He said to the man, "Take her to Ali ibn Abi Talib (as)." They came to Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) and told him the story. Imam (as) said to the man's wife: "Do you have witnesses?" She replied: "Yes, these are my neighbors who testify to what I say." Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) then drew his sword from its sheath and placed it in front of him. Imam (as) ordered each witness to be taken into a separate room. Then Imam (as) called the man's wife and interrogated her from every angle, but she insisted on her accusation. Imam (as) sent her back to the room and then summoned one of the witnesses. Imam (as) knelt before her and said: "Do you know who I am? I am Ali ibn Abi Talib, and this is my sword. The man's wife has confessed and returned to the truth. I have granted her safety. Now, speak the truth, or I will fill this sword with your blood." The woman then turned to Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) and said: "O Commander of the Faithful, I seek safety in exchange for speaking the truth." Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said to her: "Speak the truth." She said: "No, by Allah (swt), the orphan did not commit adultery. However, the man's wife, when she saw her beauty, charm, and appearance, feared that her husband might be attracted to her. So she gave her intoxicants to drink, called us, and we restrained her. Then, she violated her with her finger." Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "Allah (swt) is the Greatest! Allah (swt) is the Greatest! I am the first to separate witnesses, except for (Prophet) Daniel (as)." Then Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) sentenced the man's wife to the punishment for false accusation and obligated her and those who assisted her in violating the orphan girl to pay her a dowry of four hundred dirhams. Imam (as) also separated the woman from her husband and married the orphan girl to him, paying her dowry from the husband's wealth. Upon witnessing this judgment, Umar ibn al-Khattab said: "Tell us, O Abu al-Hasan, about the story of Prophet Daniel (as)." Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "Daniel was a young orphan who had neither father nor mother. An elderly woman from the Children of Israel took him in and raised him. There was a king among the Children of Israel who had two judges. The king had a pious and righteous friend who had a beautiful wife. This man used to visit the king and speak with him. One day, the king needed to send someone on a mission, so he said to the two judges, 'Choose for me a man whom I can send on this task.' They said: 'Send this man (the pious friend).' So, the king sent him." The man said to the two judges, "I entrust my wife to your care and advise you to treat her well." They replied: "Yes." After the man left, the two judges began visiting the house of the pious man and fell in love with his wife. They tried to seduce her, but she refused. They said to her, "If you do not yield to us, we will testify against you before the king that you have committed adultery, and you will be stoned." She replied: "Do as you wish." So, they went to the king and testified against her, claiming that she had committed adultery. The woman was well-known for her piety and virtue, and the matter deeply troubled the king, for he admired her. The king said to them, "Your testimony is accepted, but delay her punishment for three days, and then stone her." He then announced throughout his city, "Attend the execution of so-and-so, the devout woman, for she has committed adultery, as testified by the two judges." The people began talking about the matter extensively. The king asked his minister, "Do you have any solution to this situation?" The minister replied: "No, by Allah (swt), I have no solution for this matter." On the third day, the minister went out, as it was the last day for the woman. Along the way, he saw a group of naked boys playing, and among them was Daniel. Daniel said: "O children, come here! Let me be the king, and you, so-and-so, be the devout woman. Let these two boys be the judges who testified against her." He gathered some dirt and made a sword out of reeds. Then he said to the children, "Take this one and place him in one spot, and take the other and place him in another spot." The minister was watching all of this. Then Daniel called one of the boys who was acting as a judge and said to him, "Speak the truth, for if you do not speak the truth, I will kill you." The boy said: "Yes," while the minister listened attentively. Daniel then asked him, "What do you testify against this woman?" The boy replied: "I testify that she committed adultery." Daniel asked: "On what day?" The boy said: "On such-and-such a day." Daniel asked: "At what time?" The boy replied: "At such-and-such a time." Daniel asked: "In what place?" The boy said: "In such-and-such a place." Daniel asked: "With whom?" The boy said: "With so-and-so, the son of so-and-so." Then Daniel said: "Return this one to his place and bring the other one." They returned the first boy and brought the second one. Daniel questioned him about the same details, but his answers contradicted those of the first boy. At this, Daniel said: "Allah (swt) is the Greatest! Allah (swt) is the Greatest! They have testified falsely against her." He then called out to the children, "The two judges have testified falsely against this woman. Come and witness their execution." The minister rushed to the king and informed him of what had happened. The king sent for the two judges, brought them in, and separated them. He questioned them just as Daniel had questioned the boys, and they contradicted each other, just as the boys had. The king then announced their guilt to the people and ordered their execution."

3252 - وَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "وُجِدَ عَلَى عَهْدِ أَمِيرِ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُُ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مَذْبُوحٌ فِي خَرِبَةٍ وَ هُنَاكَ رَجُلٌ بِيَدِهِ سِكِّينٌ مُلَطَّخٌ بِالدَّمِ فَأُخِذَ لِيُؤْتَى بِهِ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَأَقَرَّ أَنَّهُ قَتَلَهُ فَاسْتَقْبَلَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ خَلُّوا عَنْ هَذَا فَأَنَا قَاتِلُ صَاحِبِكُمْ فَأُخِذَ أَيْضاً وَ أُتِيَ بِهِ مَعَ صَاحِبِهِ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا قَصُّوا عَلَيْهِ اَلْقِصَّةَ فَقَالَ لِلْأَوَّلِ "مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى اَلْإِقْرَارِ" قَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنِّي رَجُلٌ قَصَّابٌ وَ قَدْ كُنْتُ ذَبَحْتُ شَاةً بِجَنْبِ اَلْخَرِبَةِ فَأَعْجَلَنِي اَلْبَوْلُ فَدَخَلْتُ اَلْخَرِبَةَ وَ بِيَدِي سِكِّينٌ مُلَطَّخٌ بِالدَّمِ فَأَخَذَنِي هَؤُلاَءِ وَ قَالُوا أَنْتَ قَتَلْتَ صَاحِبَنَا فَقُلْتُ مَا يُغْنِي عَنِّي اَلْإِنْكَارُ شَيْئاً وَ هَاهُنَا رَجُلٌ مَذْبُوحٌ وَ أَنَا بِيَدِي سِكِّينٌ مُلَطَّخٌ بِالدَّمِ فَأَقْرَرْتُ لَهُمْ أَنِّي قَتَلْتُهُ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لِلْآخَرِ "مَا تَقُولُ أَنْتَ" قَالَ أَنَا قَتَلْتُهُ يَا أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "اِذْهَبُوا إِلَى اَلْحَسَنِ اِبْنِي لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَكُمْ" فَذَهَبُوا إِلَيْهِ وَ قَصُّوا عَلَيْهِ اَلْقِصَّةَ فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "أَمَّا هَذَا فَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ قَتَلَ رَجُلاً فَقَدْ أَحْيَا هَذَا وَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: ۝ وَ مَنْ أَحْيٰاهٰا فَكَأَنَّمٰا أَحْيَا اَلنّٰاسَ جَمِيعاً" لَيْسَ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمَا شَيْءٌ وَ تُخْرَجُ اَلدِّيَةُ مِنْ بَيْتِ اَلْمَالِ لِوَرَثَةِ اَلْمَقْتُولِ ۝ ".

Hadith.3252 - Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: During the time of Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), a man was found slaughtered in a deserted place. Nearby, there was another man holding a knife covered in blood. He was arrested and brought before Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as). The man confessed, saying that he had killed the victim. However, another man approached and said to them, "Release him, for I am the one who killed your companion." He too was arrested and brought along with the first man before Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as). When they presented their case, Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) asked the first man: "What made you confess?" He replied: "O Commander of the Faithful, I am a butcher. I had slaughtered a sheep near the deserted place, and I urgently needed to relieve myself. So, I entered the deserted place with a knife in my hand, stained with blood. These people saw me, accused me of killing their companion, and arrested me. I thought that denying it would be of no use, since there was a man slaughtered and I was holding a bloodied knife, so I confessed." Then Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali (as) asked the second man: "What do you say?" He replied: "I am the one who killed him, O Commander of the Faithful." Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "Take them to my son, Imam Hasan ibn Ali (as), so he may judge between you." They went to Imam Hasan ibn Ali (as) and presented the case. Imam Hasan ibn Ali (as) said: "As for this one, if he has killed a man, he has also given life to this one (the butcher). And Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, says: 'And whoever saves a life, it is as though he has saved all of mankind.' (Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:32) There is no punishment upon either of them, and the blood money should be paid from the public treasury to the heirs of the deceased."

3253 - وَ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "تُوُفِّيَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى عَهْدِ أَمِيرِ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ خَلَّفَ اِبْناً وَ عَبْداً فَادَّعَى كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا أَنَّهُ اَلاِبْنُ وَ أَنَّ اَلْآخَرَ عَبْدٌ لَهُ فَأَتَيَا أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَتَحَاكَمَا إِلَيْهِ فَأَمَرَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنْ يُثْقَبَ فِي حَائِطِ اَلْمَسْجِدِ ثَقْبَيْنِ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا أَنْ يُدْخِلَ رَأْسَهُ فِي ثَقْبٍ فَفَعَلاَ ثُمَّ قَالَ "يَا قَنْبَرُ جَرِّدِ اَلسَّيْفَ" وَ أَسَرَّ إِلَيْهِ لاَ تَفْعَلْ مَا آمُرُكَ بِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ "اِضْرِبْ عُنُقَ اَلْعَبْدِ" قَالَ فَنَحَّى اَلْعَبْدُ رَأْسَهُ فَأَخَذَهُ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ قَالَ لِلْآخَرِ "أَنْتَ اَلاِبْنُ وَ قَدْ أَعْتَقْتُ هَذَا وَ جَعَلْتُهُ مَوْلًى لَكَ" ".

Hadith.3253 - Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: During the time of Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), a man passed away, leaving behind a son and a slave. Each of them claimed to be the son and accused the other of being the slave. They brought their case before Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) for judgment. Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) ordered that two holes be made in the wall of the mosque. Then he instructed each of them to place his head into one of the holes, and they did so. Imam (as) said: "O Qanbar, unsheathe the sword." Then Imam (as) secretly told Qanbar not to carry out what he was about to command. Commander of the Faithful (as) said: "Strike the neck of the slave!" Hearing this, one of the men quickly pulled his head out of the hole. Commander of the Faithful (as) then took hold of him and said to the other, 'You are the son, and I have now freed this one and made him your freed servant (mawla).'"