Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

رَوَى مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلرَّجُلُ يَمُرُّ مُجْتَازاً يُرِيدُ اَلْيَمَنَ أَوْ غَيْرَهَا مِنَ اَلْبُلْدَانِ وَ طَرِيقُهُ بِمَكَّةَ فَيُدْرِكُ اَلنَّاسَ وَ هُمْ يَخْرُجُونَ إِلَى اَلْحَجِّ فَيَخْرُجُ مَعَهُمْ إِلَى اَلْمَشَاهِدِ أَ يُجْزِيهِ ذَلِكَ عَنْ حَجَّةِ اَلْإِسْلاَمِ قَالَ «نَعَمْ».

Mu'awiyah ibn Ammar narrated: I said to Abu Abdullah (a.s): "A man passes through on his way to Yemen or another city, and his route takes him through Mecca. He finds people preparing to go out for Hajj, so he joins them and performs the rites. Does this suffice as the Hajj of Islam for him?" Imam (a.s) replied: "Yes."

رَوَى حَرِيزٌ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «كُلَّمَا أَصَابَ اَلْعَبْدُ اَلْمُحْرِمُ فِي إِحْرَامِهِ فَهُوَ عَلَى اَلسَّيِّدِ إِذَا أَذِنَ لَهُ فِي اَلْإِحْرَامِ.

Hariz narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: "Whatever a servant in the state of Ihram incurs during their Ihram is the responsibility of the master if the master gave permission for the Ihram."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ اَلْفَضْلِ بْنِ يُونُسَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقُلْتُ تَكُونُ عِنْدِي اَلْجَوَارِي وَ أَنَا بِمَكَّةَ فَآمُرُهُنَّ أَنْ يَعْقِدْنَ بِالْحَجِّ يَوْمَ اَلتَّرْوِيَةِ فَأَخْرُجُ بِهِنَّ فَيَشْهَدْنَ اَلْمَنَاسِكَ أَوْ أُخَلِّفُهُنَّ بِمَكَّةَ قَالَ فَقَالَ «إِنْ خَرَجْتَ بِهِنَّ فَهُوَ أَفْضَلُ وَ إِنْ خَلَّفْتَهُنَّ عِنْدَ ثِقَةٍ فَلاَ بَأْسَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَى اَلْمَمْلُوكِ حَجٌّ وَ لاَ عُمْرَةٌ حَتَّى يُعْتَقَ ».

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Al-Fadl ibn Yunus, who said: I asked Abu al-Hasan (a.s): "I have female servants with me in Mecca. Should I instruct them to enter into the state of Ihram for Hajj on the Day of Tarwiyah and take them out to witness the rites, or should I leave them behind in Mecca?" Imam (a.s) said: "If you take them out with you, that is better. However, if you leave them behind with someone trustworthy, there is no harm in that. There is no obligation of Hajj or 'Umrah on a servant until they are freed."

وَ رَوَى مِسْمَعُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَلْمَلِكِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «لَوْ أَنَّ عَبْداً حَجَّ عَشْرَ حِجَجٍ كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ حَجَّةُ اَلْإِسْلاَمِ إِذَا اِسْتَطَاعَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ سَبِيلاً ».

Misma' ibn Abdul-Malik narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: "If a servant performs ten Hajj pilgrimages, the Hajj of Islam is still obligatory upon them when they become capable of fulfilling it."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اَلنَّضْرِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اَلْمَمْلُوكَ إِنْ حَجَّ وَ هُوَ مَمْلُوكٌ أَجْزَأَهُ إِذَا مَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُعْتَقَ وَ إِنْ أُعْتِقَ فَعَلَيْهِ اَلْحَجُّ».

In a narration from Al-Nadr, from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), who said: "If a servant performs Hajj while still in servitude, it suffices for them if they die before being freed. However, if they are freed, then Hajj becomes obligatory upon them."

رَوَى إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ أُمِّ وَلَدٍ تَكُونُ لِلرَّجُلِ قَدْ أَحَجَّهَا أَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ عَنْهَا مِنْ حَجَّةِ اَلْإِسْلاَمِ قَالَ «لاَ» قُلْتُ لَهَا أَجْرٌ فِي حَجِّهَا قَالَ «نَعَمْ».

Ishaq ibn Ammar narrated: I asked Abu Ibrahim (a.s) about a concubine (umm walad) of a man whom he had sent for Hajj. "Does that suffice for her as the Hajj of Islam?" Imam (a.s) said: "No." I asked: "Does she have any reward for her Hajj?" Imam (a.s) said: "Yes."

رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ شِهَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ عَشِيَّةَ عَرَفَةَ عَبْداً لَهُ قَالَ «يُجْزِي عَنِ اَلْعَبْدِ حَجَّةُ اَلْإِسْلاَمِ وَ يُكْتَبُ لِلسَّيِّدِ أَجْرَانِ ثَوَابُ اَلْعِتْقِ وَ ثَوَابُ اَلْحَجِّ ».

Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Shihab, from Abu Abdullah (a.s), regarding a man who freed his servant on the eve of Arafah. Imam (a.s) said: "The Hajj of Islam suffices for the servant, and the master is rewarded twice: once for the act of freeing the servant and once for the reward of the Hajj."

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مَمْلُوكٌ أُعْتِقَ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ قَالَ «إِذَا أَدْرَكَ أَحَدَ اَلْمَوْقِفَيْنِ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ اَلْحَجَّ».

It was narrated from Mu'awiyah ibn Ammar, who said: I said to Abu Abdullah (a.s): "A servant was freed on the Day of Arafah." Imam (a.s) said: "If he reaches one of the two stations (Arafah or Muzdalifah), then he has caught the Hajj."

رَوَى زُرَارَةُ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «إِذَا حَجَّ اَلرَّجُلُ بِابْنِهِ وَ هُوَ صَغِيرٌ، فَإِنَّهُ يَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يُلَبِّيَ وَ يَفْرِضَ اَلْحَجَّ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُحْسِنْ أَنْ يُلَبِّيَ لَبَّى عَنْهُ وَ يُطَافُ بِهِ وَ يُصَلَّى عَنْهُ » قُلْتُ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ مَا يَذْبَحُونَ عَنْهُ قَالَ «يُذْبَحُ عَنِ اَلصِّغَارِ وَ يَصُومُ اَلْكِبَارُ وَ يُتَّقَى عَلَيْهِمْ مَا يُتَّقَى عَلَى اَلْمُحْرِمِ مِنَ اَلثِّيَابِ وَ اَلطِّيبِ فَإِنْ قَتَلَ صَيْداً فَعَلَى أَبِيهِ ».

Zurara narrated from one of the Imams (a.s), who said: "If a man takes his young child for Hajj, he instructs him to recite the Talbiyah and obligates the Hajj upon him. If the child cannot recite the Talbiyah properly, the father recites it on his behalf. The child is carried for Tawaf, and prayers are performed on his behalf." I asked: "What if they do not have the means to slaughter (an animal) on his behalf?" Imam (a.s) said: "An animal is slaughtered for the children, while the adults fast. The same restrictions of Ihram regarding clothing and fragrance apply to the child. However, if the child kills game, the liability falls upon the father."

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ أَخِي أُدَيْمٍ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مِنْ أَيْنَ يُجَرَّدُ اَلصِّبْيَانُ فَقَالَ «كَانَ أَبِي عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يُجَرِّدُهُمْ مِنْ فَخٍّ ».

It was narrated from Ayyub, the brother of Udaym, who said: Abu Abdullah (a.s) was asked: "From where are the children stripped (for Ihram)?" Imam (a.s) said: "My father (a.s) used to strip them at Fakh."