Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

وَ رَوَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ نُعْمَانَ اَلرَّازِيُّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ أَصْحَابٍ لِي فِي سَفَرٍ وَ أَنَا إِمَامُهُمْ فَصَلَّيْتُ بِهِمُ اَلْمَغْرِبَ فَسَلَّمْتُ فِي اَلرَّكْعَتَيْنِ اَلْأَوَّلَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ أَصْحَابِي إِنَّمَا صَلَّيْتَ بِنَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَكَلَّمْتُهُمْ وَ كَلَّمُونِي فَقَالُوا أَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنُعِيدُ فَقُلْتُ لَكِنِّي لاَ أُعِيدُ وَ أُتِمُّ بِرَكْعَةٍ فَأَتْمَمْتُ بِرَكْعَةٍ ثُمَّ سِرْنَا وَ أَتَيْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ ذَكَرْتُ لَهُ اَلَّذِي كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِنَا فَقَالَ لِي «أَنْتَ أَصْوَبُ مِنْهُمْ فِعْلاً إِنَّمَا يُعِيدُ مَنْ لاَ يَدْرِي مَا صَلَّى.

Ali ibn Nu'man al-Razi narrated that He said: I was traveling with some companions, and I was their Imam (leading the prayer). I led them in Maghrib prayer and mistakenly ended the prayer after two units (rak'ahs). My companions told me that I had only led them in two rak'ahs. We discussed it among ourselves, and they decided that they would repeat their prayer. I, however, decided not to repeat it but to complete it by adding one more rak'ah. So, I completed it with an additional rak'ah, and we then continued our journey. Later, I went to Imam Ja'far Al-Sadiq (a.s) and told him about what had happened. Imam (a.s) said to me: "You acted more correctly than they did. Only the one who does not know what he has prayed needs to repeat (the prayer)”.

وَ رَوَى عَنْهُ عَمَّارٌ: «أَنَّ مَنْ سَلَّمَ فِي رَكْعَتَيْنِ مِنَ اَلظُّهْرِ أَوِ اَلْعَصْرِ أَوِ اَلْمَغْرِبِ أَوِ اَلْعِشَاءِ اَلْآخِرَةِ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ فَلْيَبْنِ عَلَى صَلاَتِهِ وَ لَوْ بَلَغَ اَلصِّينَ وَ لاَ إِعَادَةَ عَلَيْهِ.

Ammar narrated: "Whoever gives the salutation (taslim) after two rak'ahs of the Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, or Isha prayers, and then remembers, should continue with their prayer, even if they reach China, and there is no need for them to repeat it”.

وَ سَأَلَ عُبَيْدُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّي اَلْغَدَاةَ رَكْعَةً وَ يَتَشَهَّدُ وَ يَنْصَرِفُ وَ يَذْهَبُ وَ يَجِيءُ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا صَلَّى رَكْعَةً قَالَ «يُضِيفُ إِلَيْهَا رَكْعَةً.

Ubayd ibn Zurarah asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about a man who prays the Fajr prayer, offering one rak'ah, then makes the tashahhud (testification), turns away (ends the prayer), and leaves. After some time, he remembers that he only prayed one rak'ah. He asked what should he do. Imam (a.s) replied: "He should add another rak'ah to it”.

وَ سَأَلَ أَبُو كَهْمَسٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلرَّكْعَتَيْنِ اَلْأُولَيَيْنِ فَإِذَا جَلَسْتُ فِيهِمَا لِلتَّشَهُّدِ فَقُلْتُ وَ أَنَا جَالِسٌ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا اَلنَّبِيُّ وَ رَحْمَةُ اَللَّهِ وَ بَرَكَاتُهُ اِنْصِرَافٌ هُوَقَالَ «لاَ وَ لَكِنْ إِذَا قُلْتَ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْنَا وَ عَلَى عِبَادِ اَللَّهِ اَلصَّالِحِينَ فَهُوَ اِنْصِرَافٌ.

Abu Kahmas asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about the two rak'ahs of prayer when, after sitting in the tashahhud position, he says: "As-Salamu Alayka Ayyuha An-Nabi wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuh" (Peace be upon you, O’ Prophet, and the mercy of Allah (swt) and His blessings). Is this considered the ending (of the prayer)? Imam (a.s) replied: "No, it is not the ending. But when you say 'As-Salamu Alayna wa Ala Ibadillah As-Saliheen' (Peace be upon us and upon the righteous servants of Allah (swt)), that is the ending."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَلَبِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا لَمْ تَدْرِ أَ ثِنْتَيْنِ صَلَّيْتَ أَمْ أَرْبَعاً وَ لَمْ يَذْهَبْ وَهْمُكَ إِلَى شَيْءٍ فَتَشَهَّدْ وَ سَلِّمْ ثُمَّ صَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ أَرْبَعَ سَجَدَاتٍ تَقْرَأُ فِيهِمَا بِأُمِّ اَلْكِتَابِ ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدُ وَ تُسَلِّمُ فَإِنْ كُنْتَ إِنَّمَا صَلَّيْتَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ كَانَتَا هَاتَانِ تَمَامَ اَلْأَرْبَعِ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ صَلَّيْتَ أَرْبَعاً كَانَتَا هَاتَانِ نَافِلَةً.

Al-Halabi narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) that He said: "If you do not know whether you prayed two rak'ahs or four, and your doubt does not lead you to any conclusion, then perform the tashahhud and give the salaam, then pray two more rak'ahs with four prostrations. In them, recite Al-Fatiha. Afterward, perform the tashahhud and give the salaam. If you had prayed only two rak'ahs, then these will complete the four. But if you had prayed four, then these two will be considered as voluntary (nawafil)."

وَ رَوَى جَمِيلُ بْنُ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْهُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فِي رَجُلٍ صَلَّى خَمْساً إِنَّهُ إِنْ جَلَسَ فِي اَلرَّابِعَةِ مِقْدَارَ اَلتَّشَهُّدِ فَعِبَادَتُهُ جَائِزَةٌ.

Jamil ibn Darraj narrated from him (a.s) that He said: "If a man prays five rak'ahs and sits in the fourth rak'ah for the duration of the tashahhud, then his worship is valid."

وَ رَوَى اَلْعَلاَءُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ صَلَّى اَلظُّهْرَ خَمْساً فَقَالَ «إِنْ كَانَ لاَ يَدْرِي جَلَسَ فِي اَلرَّابِعَةِ أَمْ لَمْ يَجْلِسْ فَلْيَجْعَلْ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ مِنْهَا اَلظُّهْرَ وَ يَجْلِسُ وَ يَتَشَهَّدُ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي وَ هُوَ جَالِسٌ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ أَرْبَعَ سَجَدَاتٍ فَيُضِيفُهُمَا إِلَى اَلْخَامِسَةِ فَتَكُونُ نَافِلَةً.

Al-Ala reported from Muhammad ibn Muslim from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) who said: "I asked him about a man who prayed Dhuhr five rak'ahs. He said: 'If he does not know whether he sat in the fourth rak'ah or not, let him treat it as four rak'ahs for the Dhuhr prayer, then he should sit, perform the tashahhud, and then pray two rak'ahs while sitting and perform four sajdahs. He should then add these to the fifth rak'ah, and it will be considered a nafl (voluntary) prayer.'"

وَ سَأَلَ اَلْفُضَيْلُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلسَّهْوِ فَقَالَ «مَنْ يَحْفَظْ سَهْوَهُ فَأَتَمَّهُ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ سَجْدَتَا اَلسَّهْوِ وَ إِنَّمَا اَلسَّهْوُ عَلَى مَنْ لَمْ يَدْرِ أَ زَادَ فِي صَلاَتِهِ أَمْ نَقَصَ مِنْهَا.

Al-Fudail ibn Yasar asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about forgetfulness in prayer. Imam said: "Whoever remembers his forgetfulness and corrects it, there is no need for him to perform the two prostrations of forgetfulness (Sajdatay al-Sahw). However, forgetfulness applies to the one who does not know whether he has added to or missed part of his prayer."

وَ رَوَى اَلْحَلَبِيُّ عَنْهُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِذَا لَمْ تَدْرِ أَرْبَعاً صَلَّيْتَ أَوْ خَمْساً أَمْ زِدْتَ أَمْ نَقَصْتَ فَتَشَهَّدْ وَ سَلِّمْ وَ اُسْجُدْ سَجْدَتَيِ اَلسَّهْوِ بِغَيْرِ رُكُوعٍ وَ لاَ قِرَاءَةٍ تَتَشَهَّدُ فِيهِمَا تَشَهُّداً خَفِيفاً.

Al-Halabi narrated from him (the Prophet (a.s)) that He said: “If you are unsure whether you prayed four or five rak'ahs, or whether you added or omitted something, then perform the tashahhud (testification of faith), say salaam (greeting of peace), and prostrate two prostrations of forgetfulness without bowing or reciting (in them), and you will make a brief tashahhud in both of them.”

وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ دَخَلَ مَعَ اَلْإِمَامِ فِي صَلاَتِهِ وَ قَدْ سَبَقَهُ بِرَكْعَةٍ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ اَلْإِمَامُ خَرَجَ مَعَ اَلنَّاسِ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ فَاتَتْهُ رَكْعَةٌ قَالَ «يُعِيدُ رَكْعَةً وَاحِدَةً.

Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated that Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) was asked about a man who entered the prayer with the Imam and was already behind by one rak'ah. When the Imam completed the prayer and left with the congregation, the man remembered that he had missed one rak'ah. Imam (a.s) said: "He should repeat one rak'ah."