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Maʿānī al-ʾAkhbār borítója

Maʿānī al-ʾAkhbār

The Meanings of Reports

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The meaning of the saying of the Commander of the Believers, peace be upon him: «None rejects generosity except for a donkey»

حدثنا أبي - رحمه الله - قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد الله، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن موسى بن القاسم، عن علي بن أسباط، عن الحسن بن الجهم، قال: قال أبو الحسن عليه السلام: كان أمير المؤمنين صلوات الله عليه يقول: لا يأبى الكرامة إلا حمار. قلت: ما معنى ذلك؟ قال: التوسعة في المجلس، والطيب يعرض عليه.

1. We were told by my father, may Allah grant him mercy, that he said: We were told by Sa’d bin Abdullah, from Ahmad bin Muhammed, from Musa bin Qasem, from Ali bin Asbat, from Hasan bin Jahm, that he said: Abu’l-Hasan, peace be upon him, said: The Commander of the Believers, Allah’s blessings be upon him, used to say: None rejects generosity except for a donkey. I said: What is the meaning of that? He said: (Being offered) Wide sitting place and when perfume is offered to him.

حدثنا محمد بن الحسن بن أحمد بن الوليد - رضي الله عنه - قال: حدثنا محمد بن الحسن الصفار، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن ابن فضال، عن علي بن الجهم، قال: سمعت أبا الحسن موسى عليه السلام يقول: لا يأبى الكرامة إلا حمار، قلت: أي شئ الكرامة؟ قال: مثل الطيب وما يكرم به الرجل الرجل.

2. We were told by Muhammed bin Hasan bin Ahmad bin Waleed, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: We were told by Muhammed bin Hasan al-Saffar, from Ahmad bin Muhammed, from Ibn Faddal, from Ali bin Jahm, that he said: I heard Abu’l-Hasan, Musa, peace be upon him, say: None rejects generosity except for a donkey. I said: What thing is generosity? He said: Such as perfume and what one man generously offers to another man.

أبي - رحمه الله - قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد الله، عن أحمد بن أبي عبد الله، عن علي ابن ميسرة، عن أبي زيد المكي قال: سمعت أبا الحسن عليه السلام يقول: لا يأبى الكرامة إلا حمار يعني بذلك الطيب والوسادة.

3. My father, may Allah grant him mercy, said: We were told by Sa’d bin Abdullah, from Ahmad bin Abi Abdillah, from Ali ibn Maysara, from Abu Ziyad al-Makki, that he said: I heard Abu’l-Hasan, peace be upon him, say: None rejects generosity except for a donkey. By that he meant (that one is offered) perfume and a pillow.

أبي - رحمه الله - قال: حدثنا الحميري، عن أحمد بن محمد، عن عثمان بن عيسى عن سماعة بن مهران، عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام قال: سألته عن الرجل يرد الطيب، قال: لا ينبغي له أن يرد الكرامة.

4. My father, may Allah grant him mercy, said: We were told by al-Himyari, from Ahmad bin Muhammed, from Uthman bin Isa, from Sama’a bin Mahran, from Abu Abdillah, peace be upon him, that he said: I asked him about a man who rejects perfume. He said: He should not reject generosity.

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The meaning of the saying of Jibra’eel, peace be upon him, to Adam, Allah’s blessings be upon him: «May Allah salute you and rejoice you»

حدثنا محمد بن علي ماجيلويه - رضي الله عنه - قال: حدثنا عمي محمد بن أبي القاسم، عن أحمد بن أبي عبد الله، عن ابن أبي نصر، عن أبان، عن عبد الرحمن بن سيابة، عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام قال: لقد طاف آدم عليه السلام بالبيت مائة عام ما ينظر إلى حواء ولقد بكى على الجنة حتى صار على خديه مثل النهرين العجاجين العظيمين من الدموع، ثم أتاه جبرئيل عليه السلام فقال: حياك الله وبياك، فلما أن قال له: " حياك الله " تبلج وجهه فرحا وعلم أن الله قد رضي عنه، قال: " وبياك " فضحك - و " بياك " أضحك - قال: ولقد قام على باب الكعبة [و] ثيابه جلود الإبل والبقر، فقال: اللهم أقلني عثرتي و اغفر لي ذنبي وأعدني إلى الدار التي أخرجتني منها، فقال الله عز وجل: قد أقلتك عثرتك وغفرت لك ذنبك وسأعيدك إلى الدار التي أخرجتك منها.

1. We were told by Muhammed bin Ali Majilawayh, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: We were told by my paternal uncle, Muhammed bin Abi’l-Qasem, from Ahmad bin Abi Abdillah, from Ibn Abi Nasr, from Aban, from Abdul-Rahman bin Sayaba, from Abu Abdillah, peace be upon him, that he said: Verily, Adam, peace be upon him, circled around the House a hundred years and did not look at Hawwa’, and he wept for Paradise until it became on his cheeks like two great clamouring rivers of tears. Jibra’eel, peace be upon him, then came to him and said: May Allah salute you and rejoice you. When he said: «May Allah salute you» his face shined of happiness, and he knew that Allah was pleased with him. He said: «and (may He) rejoice you» and he smiled. [1] «May he rejoice you» means: May he make you smile. He said: Verily, he stood at the Gate of the Ka’ba while his clothes were (made of the) skins of camels and cows, and he said: O Allah, annul my mistake, forgive my sin and return me to the home from which You expelled me. Then Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, said: Verily, I have annulled your mistake, forgiven your sin and I will return you to the home from which I expelled you.

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The meaning of the sins that change graces, cause regret, cause wraths to descend, repel shares and violate protections, and the meaning of the sins that cause tribulation to descend, give power to enemies, cause termination to haste, stop hope, darken the atmosphere, uncover the veil, repel (the answering of) prayer and restrain the rain of the sky

حدثنا أبي - رحمه الله - قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد الله، عن المعلى بن محمد، قال: حدثنا العباس بن العلاء، عن مجاهد، عن أبيه، عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام قال: الذنوب التي تغير النعم: البغي، والذنوب التي تورث الندم: القتل، والذنوب التي تنزل النقم: الظلم، والذنوب التي تهتك العصم - وهي الستور -: شرب الخمر، والتي تحبس الرزق: الزنا، والتي تعجل الفناء: قطيعة الرحم، والتي ترد الدعاء وتظلم الهواء: عقوق الوالدين.

1. We were told by my father, may Allah grant him mercy, that he said: We were told by Sa’d bin Abdullah, from Mu’alla bin Muhammed, that he said: We were told by Abbas bin ‘Alaa’, from Mujahid, from his father, from Abu Abdillah, peace be upon him, that he said: The sins that change graces are transgression. The sins that cause regret are murder. The sins that cause wraths to descend is oppression. The sins that violate protections, which are the veils, is the drinking of wine. The ones that restrain sustenance is fornication. The ones that cause termination to haste is disconnecting from relatives. The ones that repel (the answering of) prayer and darken the atmosphere is disobedience to parents.

حدثنا أحمد بن الحسن القطان، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن يحيى بن زكريا القطان قال: حدثنا بكر بن عبد الله بن حبيب، قال: حدثنا تميم بن بهلول، عن أبيه، عن عبد الله ابن الفضيل، عن أبيه، قال: سمعت أبا خالد الكابلي يقول: سمعت زين العابدين علي بن الحسين عليهما السلام يقول: الذنوب التي تغير النعم: البغي على الناس، والزوال عن العادة في الخير، واصطناع المعروف، وكفران النعم، وترك الشكر. قال الله عز وجل: " إن الله لا يغير ما بقوم حتى يغيروا ما بأنفسهم ". والذنوب التي تورث الندم: قتل النفس التي حرم الله. قال الله تعالى: " ولا تقتلوا النفس التي حرم الله ". وقال عز وجل في قصة قابيل حين قتل أخاه هابيل فعجز عن دفنه فسولت له نفسه قتل أخيه فقتله " فأصبح من النادمين ". وترك صلة القرابة حتى يستغنوا، وترك الصلاة حتى يخرج وقتها، وترك الوصية ورد المظالم، ومنع الزكاة حتى يحضر الموت وينغلق اللسان. والذنوب التي تنزل النقم: عصيان العارف بالبغي والتطاول على الناس والاستهزاء بهم والسخرية منهم. والذنوب التي تدفع القسم: إظهار الافتقار، والنوم على العتمة، وعن صلاة الغداء، واستحقار النعم، وشكوى المعبود عز وجل، والذنوب التي تهتك العصم: شرب الخمر، واللعب بالقمار، وتعاطي ما يضحك الناس من اللغو والمزاح، وذكر عيوب الناس، ومجالسة أهل الريب. والذنوب التي تنزل البلاء: ترك إغاثة الملهوف، وترك معاونة المظلوم، وتضييع الامر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر. والذنوب التي تديل الأعداء : المجاهرة بالظلم، وإعلان الفجور، وإباحة المحظور، وعصيان الأخيار، و الانطباع للأشرار، والذنوب التي تعجل الفناء: قطيعة الرحم، واليمين الفاجرة، والأقوال الكاذبة، والزنا، وسد طرق المسلمين، وادعاء الإمامة بغير حق، والذنوب التي تقطع الرجاء: اليأس من روح الله، والقنوط من رحمة الله، والثقة بغير الله، والتكذيب بوعد الله عز وجل، والذنوب التي تظلم الهواء: السحر، والكهانة، والايمان بالنجوم، والتكذيب بالقدر، وعقوق الوالدين. والذنوب التي تكشف الغطاء: الاستدانة بغير نية الأداء، والاسراف في النفقة على الباطل، والبخل على الأهل والولد وذوي الأرحام وسوء الخلق، وقلة الصبر، واستعمال الضجر ، والكسل، والاستهانة بأهل الدين والذنوب التي ترد الدعاء: سوء النية، وخبث السريرة، والنفاق مع الاخوان، وترك التصديق بالإجابة، وتأخير الصلوات المفروضات حتى تذهب أوقاتها، وترك التقرب إلى الله عز وجل بالبر والصدقة، واستعمال البذاء والفحش في القول. والذنوب التي تحبس غيث السماء: جور الحكام في القضاء، وشهادة الزور، وكتمان الشهادة، ومنع الزكاة و القرض والماعون، وقساوة القلوب على أهل الفقر والفاقة، وظلم اليتيم والأرملة، وانتهار السائل ورده بالليل.

2. We were told by Ahmad bin Hasan al-Qattan, that he said: We were told by Ahmad bin Yahya bin Zakariya al-Qattan, that he said: We were told by Bikr bin Abdullah bin Habib, that he said: We were told by Tamim bin Buhlul, from his father, from Abdullah ibn Fudail, from his father, that he said: I heard Abu Khalid al-Kabuli say: I heard the Graceful of Worshippers, Ali bin Hussain, peace be upon them both, say: The sins that change graces are transgression against people, discontinuing the habits of goodness and making righteous acts, disbelief in graces and abandoning thankfulness. Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, said: «Indeed, Allah does not change what is in a people until they change what is in themselves.» (13:11) The sins that cause regret is killing the soul that Allah has declares sacred. Allah, Exalted is He, said: «And do not kill the soul whom Allah has declared sacred» (6:151). He, Exalted and Glorious is He, said with regards to the story of Qabeel when he killed his brother, Habeel, and was unable to bury him: «Then his soul enticed him to kill his brother, so he killed, and he became among those who regret.» (5:30) [1] Also, (among those sins are) abandoning connection with kinship until they become rich, abandoning prayer until its (preferred) time is out, abandoning the giving of testament and the return of rights (to their owners) and (among those thins are) the prevention of alms tax until death arrives and the tongue is locked. The sins that cause wraths to descend are (acts of) disobedience by the one who knows (that they are forbidden) by transgressing, offending people, mocking them and ridiculing them. The sins that repel shares is to appear (by pretending) to have poverty, sleeping during complete darkness and the prayer of the early morning, belittling graces and complaining against the Worshipped, Exalted and Glorious is He. The sins that violate protections are drinking wine, playing with bets, dealing with what makes people laugh, such as with non-sense and joking, mentioning the blemishes of people and sitting with people of dubiousness. The sins that cause tribulation to descend are abandoning the giving of refuge to the worried, abandoning the giving of assistance to the oppressed and wasting (the execution of the duty of) the enjoining of good and the forbidding of evil. The sins that give power to enemies are public (performance of) oppression, announcing obscenity, allowing the forbidden, disobedience to the good and giving in to the evil. The sins that cause the haste of termination are disconnecting from kinship, false rightly-handed promises, untrue sayings, fornication, interrupting the roads of the Muslims, proclaiming leadership without right and denial of the promise of Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He. The sins that darken the atmosphere are magic, shamanism, belief in stars, denial of destiny and disobedience to parents. The sins that uncover the veil are taking debt without the intention of fulfilling it (by paying it back), thriftlessness by spending on falsehood, stinginess towards one’s family, children and kinship, bad mannerisms, little patience, appealing to worry, laziness and belitting the people of religion. The sins that repel prayer are having evil intention, having wicked inner self, hypocrisy with one’s brothers, abandoning the giving of conceding response, delaying the obligatory prayers until their (preferred) times pass, abandoning the seeking of nearness to Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, with righteousness and charity and the usage of vulgarity and foul talk in speech. The sins that restrain the rain from the sky are tyranny of the rulers in judging, false testimonies, concealment of testimonies, prevention of the (giving of) alms tax and support, harshness of the heart towards the people of poverty and destitution, oppression of orphans and widows and rebuffing the asker (for help) and rejecting him at night.

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The meaning of ‘urs, khurs, ‘idhar, wikar and rikaz

حدثنا محمد بن الحسن بن أحمد بن الوليد - رضي الله عنه - قال: حدثنا محمد بن الحسن الصفار، عن محمد بن يحيى العطار، قال: حدثني محمد بن أحمد، قال: حدثني أبو عبد الله الرازي، عن سجادة، عن موسى بن بكر، قال: قال أبو الحسن الأول عليه السلام: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: لا وليمة إلا في خمس في عرس، أو عذار، أو وكار، أو ركاز. فأما العرس فالتزويج، والخرس النفاس بالولد، والعذار الختان، والوكار الذي يشتري الدار، والركاز الرجل يقدم من مكة.

1. We were told by Muhammed bin Hasan bin Ahmad bin Waleed, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: We were told by Muhammed bin Hasan al-Saffar, from Muhammed bin Yahya al-‘Attar, that he said: I was told by Muhammed bin Ahmad, that he said: I was told by Abu Abdillah al-Razi, from Sajjada, from Musa bin Bikr, that he said: Abu’l-Hasan, the First, peace be upon him, said: The Messenger of Allah, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, said: There should be no feast except in for five: ‘urs, khurs, ‘idhar, wikar or rikaz. As for ‘urs, it is marriage, khurs is postpartum after (having given birth to) a child and ‘idhar is circumcision. The wikar is the one who buys a house, and rikaz is when a man approaches from Mecca.

قال مصنف هذا الكتاب - رضي الله عنه - سمعت: بعض أهل اللغة يقول في معنى الوكار: يقال للطعام الذي يدعا إليه الناس عند بناء الدار أو شرائها: " الوكيرة " والوكار منه، والطعام الذي يتخذ للقدوم من السفر يقال له: " النقيعة " ويقال له: " الوكار " أيضا. والركاز الغنيمة كأنه يريد أن في اتخاذ الطعام للقدوم من مكة غنيمة لصاحبه من الثواب الجزيل ومنه قول النبي صلى الله عليه وآله: " الصوم في الشتاء الغنيمة الباردة " وقال أهل العراق: الركاز: المعادن كلها، وقال أهل الحجاز: الركاز: المال المدفون خاصة مما كنزه بنو آدم قبل الاسلام. كذلك ذكره أبو عبيد. ولا قوة إلا بالله. أخبرنا بذلك أبو الحسين محمد بن هارون الزنجاني فيما كتب إلي عن علي بن عبد العزيز، عن أبي عبيد القاسم بن سلام.

The compiler of this book, may Allah be pleased with him, said: I heard some of the people of language say with regards to the meaning of wikar: It is said about food to which people are invited when a house is built or bought: wakeera, and wikar stems from it. The food that is made for the arrival (of someone) from travel, is called naqee’a. It is also called wikar. Rikaz refers to profit. It is as if he indicates that making food for the approaching from Mecca includes a profit to its maker of abundant reward, and from this meaning is the saying of the Prophet, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family: «Fasting during winter is the cold profit». The people of Iraq have said: rikaz applies to all metals. The people of Hijaz have said: rikaz refers exclusively to buried property from what has been saved by the sons of Adam before Islam. That is how it was mentioned by Abu Ubaida as well, and there is no saying except by Allah. We were informed of that by Abu’l-Hasan, Muhammed bin Harun al-Zanjani, among what he wrote to me, from Ali bin Abdul-Aziz, from Abu Ubaida, Qasem bin Salam.

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The meaning of kalala

حدثنا أبي - رحمه الله - قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد الله، عن يعقوب بن يزيد، عن محمد ابن أبي عمير، عن بعض أصحابه، عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام قال: الكلالة ما لم يكن والد ولا ولد.

1. We were told by my father, may Allah grant him mercy, that he said: We were told by Sa’d bin Abdullah, from Ya’qoub bin Yazid, from Muhammed ibn Abi ‘Umayr, from some of his companions, from Abu Abdillah, peace be upon him, that he said: The kalala is when there is no parent nor child (to someone).

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