The Book of Commerce
Liability of Technician or Person with a Certain Skill
9- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) رُفِعَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ اسْتَأْجَرَ رَجُلا لِيُصْلِحَ بَابَهُ فَضَرَبَ الْمِسْمَارَ فَانْصَدَعَ الْبَابُ فَضَمَّنَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام).
9. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once a man who had hired another man to mend his door and who by driving a nail into the door had damaged it, came for judgment before ’Amir al- Mu’minin, and he (’Amir al-Mu’minin) held him liable for the door.’”
10- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مَرَّارٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الْقَصَّارِ وَالصَّائِغِ أَيُضَمَّنُونَ قَالَ لا يُصْلِحُ النَّاسُ إِلا أَنْ يُضَمَّنُوا قَالَ وَكَانَ يُونُسُ يَعْمَلُ بِهِ وَيَأْخُذُ.
10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘Isma’il ibn Marrar from Yunus who has said the following: “I once asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), about the case of a cleaner man and a jeweler if they were liable. He (the Imam) said, ‘People do not behave well unless they are held liable.’ Yunus would act accordingly and hold liable.’”
The Book of Commerce
Liability of Carrier Animals and Owners of Ships
1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَمَّالٍ اسْتُكْرِيَ مِنْهُ إِبِلٌ وَبُعِثَ مَعَهُ بِزَيْتٍ إِلَى أَرْضٍ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ بَعْضَ زِقَاقِ الزَّيْتِ انْخَرَقَ فَأَهْرَاقَ مَا فِيهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ إِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ الزَّيْتَ وَقَالَ إِنَّهُ انْخَرَقَ وَلَكِنَّهُ لا يُصَدَّقُ إِلا بِبَيِّنَةٍ عَادِلَةٍ.
1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Once abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man who hired a camel man to transport oil to another location and he thought that certain skin sacks were damaged and oil was lost. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he likes he can accept the oil.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Even if it is damaged he is not considered truthful without just witnesses and evidence.’”
2- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الْمَلاحِ أَحْمِلُ مَعَهُ الطَّعَامَ ثُمَّ أَقْبِضُهُ مِنْهُ فَنَقَصَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ مَأْمُوناً فَلا تُضَمِّنْهُ.
2. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Yahya ibn al-Hajjaj from Khalid ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who transported people on the water to the other side and I carried foodstuff through him then received it from him and it was reduced. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he is trusted, you must not hold him liable.’”
3- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي رَجُلٍ حَمَلَ مَعَ رَجُلٍ فِي سَفِينَةٍ طَعَاماً فَنَقَصَ قَالَ هُوَ ضَامِنٌ قُلْتُ إِنَّهُ رُبَّمَا زَادَ قَالَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ زَادَ شَيْئاً قُلْتُ لا قَالَ هُوَ لَكَ.
3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “In the case of a man who carries foodstuff in the ship and it is reduced, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He is liable.’ I then asked, ‘What if it is increased?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Do you know it is increased?’ I replied, ‘No, I do not know.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is for you.’”
4- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اسْتَأْجَرَ سَفِينَةً مِنْ مَلاحٍ فَحَمَّلَهَا طَعَاماً وَاشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ نَقَصَ الطَّعَامُ فَعَلَيْهِ قَالَ جَائِزٌ قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّهُ رُبَّمَا زَادَ الطَّعَامُ قَالَ فَقَالَ يَدَّعِي الْمَلاحُ أَنَّهُ زَادَ فِيهِ شَيْئاً قُلْتُ لا قَالَ هُوَ لِصَاحِبِ الطَّعَامِ الزِّيَادَةُ وَعَلَيْهِ النُّقْصَانُ إِذَا كَانَ قَدِ اشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ.
4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Musa ibn Bakr who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who hired a ship from a sailor and loaded it with foodstuff, with the condition that if it was reduced he was liable. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is permissible.’ I then said, ‘Perhaps it increases.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘Does the sailor claim that he has increased anything to it?’ I replied, ‘No, he does not claim.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It belongs to the owner of the foodstuff and he is liable for reduction if it is stipulated.’”
5- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ حَمَلَ أَبِي مَتَاعاً إِلَى الشَّامِ مَعَ جَمَّالٍ فَذَكَرَ أَنَّ حِمْلا مِنْهُ ضَاعَ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ أَتَتَّهِمُهُ قُلْتُ لإ؛77 قَالَ فَلا تُضَمِّنْهُ.
5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Ja’far ibn ‘Uthman who has said the following: “My father carried goods to al-Sham with a camel man, then he remembered that one load was lost. I mentioned it to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and he asked, ‘Do you charge him?’ I replied, ‘No, I do not charge him.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You must not hold him liable.’”
6- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي الْجَمَّالِ يَكْسِرُ الَّذِي يَحْمِلُ أَوْ يُهَرِيقُهُ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ مَأْمُوناً فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ مَأْمُونٍ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ.
6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-‘Abbas ibn Musa from Yunus from ibn Muskan from abu Basir who has said the following: “About the case of a camel man who breaks what he carries or spills, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If he is trusted, there is nothing on him; but if he is not trusted then he is liable.’”
7- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَمُّونٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ مِسْمَعِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ الأجِيرُ الْمُشَارِكُ هُوَ ضَامِنٌ إِلا مِنْ سَبُعٍ أَوْ مِنْ غَرَقٍ أَوْ حَرَقٍ أَوْ لِصٍّ مُكَابِرٍ.
7. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Muhammad ibn al-Hassan ibn Shammun from ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman from Misma’ ibn ‘Abd al-Malik who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, ‘One hired and a partner are liable unless it (the loss) is because of beasts, drowning, burning or a stubborn thief.’”
The Book of Commerce
Currency Exchange
1- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لِي عَلَيْهِ مِائَةُ دِرْهَمٍ عَدَداً قَضَانِيهَا مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ وَزْناً قَالَ لا بَأْسَ مَا لَمْ يَشْتَرِطْ قَالَ وَقَالَ جَاءَ الرِّبَا مِنْ قِبَلِ الشُّرُوطِ إِنَّمَا تُفْسِدُهُ الشُّرُوطُ.
1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yahya ibn al-Hajjaj from Khalid ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a man who owed me a hundred dirham in numbers and he paid me by weight. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful if it is not stipulated . 5 He (the Imam) said, ‘Riba’ comes from stipulation; only stipulation destroys it.’”
