The Book of Fasting
Minimum Limits of I‘tikaf
5ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ سِرْحَانَ قَالَ بَدَأَنِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ أَسْأَلَهُ فَقَالَ الاعْتِكَافُ ثَلاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ يَعْنِي السُّنَّةَ إِنْ شَاءَ الله.
5. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Dawud ibn Sarhan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once initiated speaking without my asking anything, ‘’Ttikaf consists of three days, meaning, according to the Sunnah, by the will of Allah.’”
The Book of Fasting
A Person During I’tikaf Cannot Exit the Masjid Unless it is Urgent
1ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُعْتَكِفِ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ إِلاَّ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ أَوْ جَنَازَةٍ أَوْ غَائِطٍ.
1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Fadalah ibn Ayyub from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that one in the state of Ttikaf must not go out of the Masjid unless it is for Friday Salat (prayer) or a funeral or defecation.”
2ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ سِرْحَانَ قَالَ كُنْتُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَعْتَكِفَ فَمَا ذَا أَقُولُ وَمَا ذَا أَفْرِضُ عَلَى نَفْسِي فَقَالَ لا تَخْرُجْ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ إِلاَّ لِحَاجَةٍ لا بُدَّ مِنْهَا وَلا تَقْعُدْ تَحْتَ ظِلالٍ حَتَّى تَعُودَ إِلَى مَجْلِسِكَ.
2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Dawud ibn Sarhan who has said the following: “I was in al-Madinah in the month of Ramadan and I said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), that I wanted to remain in ’ Ttikaf. What should I say and what should I place upon myself?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You must not leave the Masjid except for something without which you cannot do; and you must not sit in the shadow until you return to your place.”
3ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ لا يَنْبَغِي لِلْمُعْتَكِفِ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ إِلاَّ لِحَاجَةٍ لا بُدَّ مِنْهَا ثُمَّ لا يَجْلِسُ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ وَلا يَخْرُجُ فِي شَيْءٍ إِلاَّ لِجَنَازَةٍ أَوْ يَعُودُ مَرِيضاً وَلا يَجْلِسُ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ وَاعْتِكَافُ الْمَرْأَةِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ.
3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not proper for one who is in ’Ttikaf to leave the Masjid, unless it is for such a need without which he cannot do. He then must not sit in the shadow until he returns to his place, and must not go out for anything except a funeral or to visit a patient and must not sit until he returns. ’Ttikaf of woman is also under the same rules.’”
The Book of Fasting
One becomes ill, in i'tikaf or finds Haydh (menses)
1ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ إِذَا مَرِضَ الْمُعْتَكِفُ وَطَمِثَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ الْمُعْتَكِفَةُ فَإِنَّهُ يَأْتِي بَيْتَهُ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُ إِذَا بَرَأَ وَيَصُومُ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْهُ لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمَرِيضِ ذَلِكَ.
1. Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: “Abi ‘Abdillah (a.s.), has said: ‘If one in the state of I'tikaf becomes ill or a female begins to experience Haydh (menses); they can go home then after getting well perform the I’tikaf again and fast.’”
2ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَسَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) فِي الْمُعْتَكِفَةِ إِذَا طَمِثَتْ قَالَ تَرْجِعُ إِلَى بَيْتِهَا وَإِذَا طَهُرَتْ رَجَعَتْ فَقَضَتْ مَا عَلَيْهَا.
2. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from and Sahl ibn Ziyad all from ibn Mahbub from abu Ayyub from abu Basir who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a female in Ttikaf begins to experience Hayd (menses) she must go home; and after becoming clean return to complete Qada’ (compensatory ’Ttikaf) of what she owes.’”
The Book of Fasting
The Case of a Man Who Engages in Carnal Relation with His Wife During Itikaf
1ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنِ الْمُعْتَكِفِ يُجَامِعُ أَهْلَهُ قَالَ إِذَا فَعَلَ فَعَلَيْهِ مَا عَلَى الْمُظَاهِرِ.
1. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about a man who in the state of ‘Itikaf engages in sexual intercourse with his wife. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he does it he is required to do what one is required to do because of Zihar’ (calling on oath the back of one’s wife as the back of one’s mother) that is, two consecutive months of fasting.’”
2ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) عَنْ مُعْتَكِفٍ وَاقَعَ أَهْلَهُ قَالَ هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ مَنْ أَفْطَرَ يَوْماً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ.
2. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn abu Najran from ‘Abd Allah ibn al- Mughirah from Sanaa ‘ah ibn Mehran who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who in ‘Itikaf engages in sexual relation with his wife. He (the Imam) said, ‘He is like one who destroys one day of fast in the month of Ramadan.’”
3ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْجَهْمِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمُعْتَكِفِ يَأْتِي أَهْلَهُ فَقَالَ لا يَأْتِي امْرَأَتَهُ لَيْلاً وَلا نَهَاراً وَهُوَ مُعْتَكِفٌ.
3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from al-Hassan ibn al-Jahm who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about a man who engages in sexual relation with his wife in ‘Itikaf. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must not go to his wife in ‘Itikaf in the day or night while he is in ‘Itikaf.’”
The Book of Fasting
Rare Ahadith
1ـ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْكُوفِيِّ عَنْ عُبَيْسِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَم) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ أَسَرَتْهُ الرُّومُ وَلَمْ يَصُمْ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ وَلَمْ يَدْرِ أَيُّ شَهْرٍ هُوَ قَالَ يَصُومُ شَهْراً وَيَتَوَخَّاهُ وَيَحْسُبُ فَإِنْ كَانَ الشَّهْرُ الَّذِي صَامَهُ قَبْلَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لَمْ يُجْزِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ بَعْدَ رَمَضَانَ أَجْزَأَهُ.
1. Ahmad ibn Idris has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Ali al-Kufiy from ‘Ubays ibn Hisham from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from ‘Abd al- Rahman who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who was captured by the Romans, and he did not fast in the month of Ramadan because he did not know which month was it. He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to fast for one month. He then tries to calculate; if the month that he has fasted is before the month of Ramadan; it is not sufficient, and if it is after the month of Ramadan, it is then sufficient.’”
