Al-Kāfi

12ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ إِذَا غَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ دَخَلَ وَقْتُ الصَّلاَتَيْنِ إِلاَّ أَنَّ هَذِهِ قَبْلَ هَذِهِ.

12. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Qasim ibn ‘Urwah from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When it is sunset, it is time for two Salah (prayer) except that this is before that.’”

13ـ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) لَوْ لاَ أَنْ أَشُقَّ عَلَى أُمَّتِي لأَخَّرْتُ الْعِشَاءَ إِلَى ثُلُثِ اللَّيْلِ. وَرُوِيَ أَيْضاً إِلَى نِصْفِ اللَّيْلِ.

13. Hussain ibn Muhammad reported from Mu'allah ibn Muhammad, from al-Washsha, from Aban, from Abu Basir, from Abu Ja'far al-Baqir (as), who said: The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: "If it were not for the difficulty it would cause my community, I would have delayed the 'Isha prayer until one-third of the night." It has also been narrated that he would have delayed it until half the night.

14ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ وَقْتُ الْمَغْرِبِ فِي السَّفَرِ إِلَى رُبُعِ اللَّيْلِ.

14. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Salmah ibn al-Khattab from Muhammad ibn al-Walid from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from ‘Umar ibn Yazid who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The time for al-Maghrib Salah (prayer) on a journey remains until passing of one-fourth of the night.’”

15ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الرَّيَّانِ قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ فِي الدَّارِ تَمْنَعُهُ حِيطَانُهَا النَّظَرَ إِلَى حُمْرَةِ الْمَغْرِبِ وَمَعْرِفَةَ مَغِيبِ الشَّفَقِ وَوَقْتِ صَلاَةِ الْعِشَاءِ الآخِرَةِ مَتَى يُصَلِّيهَا وَكَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ فَوَقَّعَ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) يُصَلِّيهَا إِذَا كَانَ عَلَى هَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ عِنْدَ قَصْرَةِ النُّجُومِ وَالْمَغْرِبَ عِنْدَ اشْتِبَاكِهَا وَبَيَاضُ مَغِيبِ الشَّمْسِ قَصْرَةُ النُّجُومِ إِلَى بَيَانِهَا.

15. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ali ibn al-Rayyan who has said the following: “I once wrote to the man (the Imam) ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and asked about a man who is within the house. The walls do not allow him to see the redness in the west to find about al-Shafaq (redness) and the time for al-‘Isha’ al-Akhirah. When must he perform Salah (prayer) and what should he do? He (the Imam) (a.s.), signed the answer that said, ‘He performs it (al-‘Isha’) when on this side, stars appear and al-Maghrib when just few stars appear. The clarity of sunset is from the appearance of few stars until their clearly becoming visible.’”

16ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَى الرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) ذَكَرَ أَصْحَابُنَا أَنَّهُ إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَقَدْ دَخَلَ وَقْتُ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ وَإِذَا غَرَبَتْ دَخَلَ وَقْتُ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ الآخِرَةِ إِلاَّ أَنَّ هَذِهِ قَبْلَ هَذِهِ فِي السَّفَرِ وَالْحَضَرِ وَأَنَّ وَقْتَ الْمَغْرِبِ إِلَى رُبُعِ اللَّيْلِ فَكَتَبَ كَذَلِكَ الْوَقْتُ غَيْرَ أَنَّ وَقْتَ الْمَغْرِبِ ضَيِّقٌ وَآخِرُ وَقْتِهَا ذَهَابُ الْحُمْرَةِ وَمَصِيرُهَا إِلَى الْبَيَاضِ فِي أُفُقِ الْمَغْرِبِ.

16. Ali ibn Muhammad and Muhammad ibn al-Hassan have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ’Isma‘il ibn Mehran who has said the following: “I once, wrote to al-Rida’ (a.s.), to ask a question. ‘Our people have said that when the sun declines toward the west at noontime, it is the time of al-Dhuhr and al-‘Asr Salah (prayers). When it is sunset it is time of al-Maghrib and al-‘Isha’ al-Akhirah Salah (prayers) except that this is before this. It is the same for one at home or on a journey and the time of al-Maghrib remains until passing of one-fourth of night.’ He (the Imam) wrote to me, ‘That is how the timing is, except that the time of al- Maghrib is short and its end is when redness disappears, turning to whiteness in the western horizon.’”

1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ قَالَ كَتَبَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ الْحُصَيْنِ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) مَعِي جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ قَدِ اخْتَلَفَتْ مُوَالُوكَ فِي صَلاَةِ الْفَجْرِ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُصَلِّي إِذَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ الأوَّلُ الْمُسْتَطِيلُ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُصَلِّي إِذَا اعْتَرَضَ فِي أَسْفَلِ الأفُقِ وَاسْتَبَانَ وَلَسْتُ أَعْرِفُ أَفْضَلَ الْوَقْتَيْنِ فَأُصَلِّيَ فِيهِ فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تُعَلِّمَنِي أَفْضَلَ الْوَقْتَيْنِ وَتَحُدَّهُ لِي وَكَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ مَعَ الْقَمَرِ وَالْفَجْرُ لاَ يَتَبَيَّنُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى يَحْمَرَّ وَيُصْبِحَ وَكَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ مَعَ الْغَيْمِ وَمَا حَدُّ ذَلِكَ فِي السَّفَرِ وَالْحَضَرِ فَعَلْتُ إِنْ شَاءَ الله فَكَتَبَ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) بِخَطِّهِ وَقَرَأْتُهُ الْفَجْرُ يَرْحَمُكَ الله هُوَ الْخَيْطُ الأبْيَضُ الْمُعْتَرِضُ لَيْسَ هُوَ الأبْيَضَ صُعَدَاءَ فَلاَ تُصَلِّ فِي سَفَرٍ وَلاَ حَضَرٍ حَتَّى تَتَبَيَّنَهُ فَإِنَّ الله تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى لَمْ يَجْعَلْ خَلْقَهُ فِي شُبْهَةٍ مِنْ هَذَا فَقَالَ كُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الأبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الأسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ فَالْخَيْطُ الأبْيَضُ هُوَ الْمُعْتَرِضُ الَّذِي يَحْرُمُ بِهِ الأكْلُ وَالشُّرْبُ فِي الصَّوْمِ وَكَذَلِكَ هُوَ الَّذِي تُوجَبُ بِهِ الصَّلاَةُ.

1. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ali ibn Mahziyar from who has said the following: “Abu al-Hassan ibn al-Husayn once wrote to Abu Ja‘far, al-Thaniy (a.s.), ‘With me, I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, people of your followers disagree on timing of dawn Salah (prayer). Certain ones of them perform when it is the first dawn in which a rectangular line appears in the sky, and others among them perform the morning Salah (prayer) when it (brightness) is at the bottom of the horizon and it has just appeared. I do not know which one is better, so I perform my Salah (prayer) in that time. If you consider it proper, instruct me about the time, which is better. Define it for me and how I should deal with the moon and the dawn with which it is not distinguishable, until it becomes red and it is dawn; and how should I deal with clouds and what are the limits for it during a journey or when one is at home. I will follow your instructions. 5 He (the Imam) wrote back with his own handwriting and I read it: “Dawn, Allah has granted you kindness, is when the white line appears sideways; and it is not vertical, during which time you do not perform Salah (prayer) on a journey or when at home until it is obvious. Allah, most Blessed, most High, does not leave His creatures in confusion in this matter so He has said, ‘Eat and drink until a white line appears from a darkness line at dawn. 5 (2:187) The white line is that which is sideways and after the appearance of which eating and drinking become unlawful because of fasting, and so also Salah (prayer) becomes obligatory at such time.’”

2ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) أَخْبِرْنِي بِأَفْضَلِ الْمَوَاقِيتِ فِي صَلاَةِ الْفَجْرِ فَقَالَ مَعَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ وَقُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كانَ مَشْهُوداً يَعْنِي صَلاَةَ الْفَجْرِ تَشْهَدُهُ مَلاَئِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ وَمَلاَئِكَةُ النَّهَارِ فَإِذَا صَلَّى الْعَبْدُ الصُّبْحَ مَعَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ أُثْبِتَتْ لَهُ مَرَّتَيْنِ أَثْبَتَهَا مَلاَئِكَةُ اللَّيْلِ وَمَلاَئِكَةُ النَّهَارِ.

2. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Salim from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), to teach me about the most excellent time for the morning Salah (prayer). He (the Imam) (a.s.), said, ‘About the coming of dawn, Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, says, “You must perform Salah (prayer)) and the recitation at dawn. The recitation at dawn certainly was witnessed.” (17:78) It is a reference to the morning Salah (prayer) which is witnessed (attended) by the angels of the night and the angels of the day. When a servant of Allah performs Salah (prayer) at dawn, it is written in his favor twice: once by the angels of the night and once by the angels of the day.’”

3ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ الصُّبْحُ هُوَ الَّذِي إِذَا رَأَيْتَهُ مُعْتَرِضاً كَأَنَّهُ بَيَاضُ سُورَى.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Ali ibn ‘ Atiyyah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Dawn is when you find a white line like the whiteness of Sur 5 (a certain section of Euphrates river in Iraq) 5 ”

4ـ عَلِيٌّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ خَلِيفَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ وَقْتُ الْفَجْرِ حِينَ يَبْدُو حَتَّى يُضِي‏ءَ.

4. Ali ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa has narrated from Yunus from Yazid ibn Khalifah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The time for morning Salah (prayer) is when it (the white line) appears until the coming out of rays (of the sun).’”

5ـ عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ وَقْتُ الْفَجْرِ حِينَ يَنْشَقُّ الْفَجْرُ إِلَى أَنْ يَتَجَلَّلَ الصُّبْحُ السَّمَاءَ وَلاَ يَنْبَغِي تَأْخِيرُ ذَلِكَ عَمْداً لَكِنَّهُ وَقْتٌ لِمَنْ شُغِلَ أَوْ نَسِيَ أَوْ نَامَ.

5. Ali has narrated from his father Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The time for morning Salah (prayer) begins when dawn opens, until morning (with rays) brightens the sky. It is not proper to delay purposely; however, there is time for those who are preoccupied, forget or are sleeping.”