The Book of Belief and Disbelief
Those who Find Fault in People
3ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُخْتَارٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ كَفَى بِالْمَرْءِ عَيْباً أَنْ يَتَعَرَّفَ مِنْ عُيُوبِ النَّاسِ مَا يَعْمَى عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَمْرِ نَفْسِهِ أَوْ يَعِيبَ عَلَى النَّاسِ أَمْراً هُوَ فِيهِ لا يَسْتَطِيعُ التَّحَوُّلَ عَنْهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ أَوْ يُؤْذِيَ جَلِيسَهُ بِمَا لا يَعْنِيهِ.
3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from al-Husayn ibn Ishaq from Ali ibn Mahziyar from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from al-Husayn ibn Mukhtar from certain individuals of his people from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “It is enough fault in a man to point out people’s faults but turn a blind eye to the affairs of his own soul, or consider something a fault in people while it exists in his own self from which he is not able to escape and move to something else or to cause pain to his own companion for no reason.”
4ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الأعْرَجِ وَعُمَرَ بْنِ أَبَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) قَالا إِنَّ أَسْرَعَ الْخَيْرِ ثَوَاباً الْبِرُّ وَأَسْرَعَ الشَّرِّ عُقُوبَةً الْبَغْيُ وَكَفَى بِالْمَرْءِ عَيْباً أَنْ يَنْظُرَ فِي عُيُوبِ غَيْرِهِ مَا يَعْمَى عَلَيْهِ مِنْ عَيْبِ نَفْسِهِ أَوْ يُؤْذِيَ جَلِيسَهُ بِمَا لا يَعْنِيهِ أَوْ يَنْهَى النَّاسَ عَمَّا لا يَسْتَطِيعُ تَرْكَهُ.
4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from abu ‘Abd al-Rahman al-‘A’raj and ‘Umar ibn Aban from abu Hamza from abu Ja’far and Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s.) who have said the following: “Of the good deeds the quickest to bring reward is benevolence and of the evil deeds the quickest to bring punishment is transgression. It is enough fault in a man to look into the faults of others and turn a blind eye to his own faults or cause pain to his associates without any good reason or forbid people from that which himself is not able to avoid.”
The Book of Belief and Disbelief
A Muslim is not Field Responsible for His Acts of the Time of Ignorance (Pre-Islamic Paganism)
1ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِنَّ نَاساً أَتَوْا رَسُولَ الله (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) بَعْدَ مَا أَسْلَمُوا فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ الله أَ يُؤْخَذُ الرَّجُلُ مِنَّا بِمَا كَانَ عَمِلَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ بَعْدَ إِسْلامِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ الله (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) مَنْ حَسُنَ إِسْلامُهُ وَصَحَّ يَقِينُ إِيمَانِهِ لَمْ يُؤَاخِذْهُ الله تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى بِمَا عَمِلَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَمَنْ سَخُفَ إِسْلامُهُ وَلَمْ يَصِحَّ يَقِينُ إِيمَانِهِ أَخَذَهُ الله تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى بِالأوَّلِ وَالآخِرِ.
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ibn Mahbub from Jamil ibn Salih from abu ‘Ubaydah from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “Certain people came to the Messenger of Allah after accepting Islam and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, will any of us, after accepting Islam, be held responsible for what he had done in the time of ignorance?’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘Whoever is good in his Islam and corrects the certainty of his belief is not held responsible for his acts in the time of ignorance in the judgment of Allah, the Most Blessed, the Most High. Whoever’s Islam is nonsense and has not corrected the certainty of his belief will be held responsible in the judgment of Allah, the Most Blessed, the Most High, for his past and later deeds.’”
2ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَوْهَرِيِّ عَنِ الْمِنْقَرِيِّ عَنْ فُضَيْلِ بْنِ عِيَاضٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُحْسِنُ فِي الإسْلامِ أَ يُؤَاخَذُ بِمَا عَمِلَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَقَالَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) مَنْ أَحْسَنَ فِي الإسْلامِ لَمْ يُؤَاخَذْ بِمَا عَمِلَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَمَنْ أَسَاءَ فِي الإسْلامِ أُخِذَ بِالأوَّلِ وَالآخِرِ.
2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad al- Jawhari from al-Minqari from Fudayl ibn al-‘Iyad who has said the following: “Once I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) ‘Will a man who is good in Islam be held responsible for his deeds in the time of ignorance?’ The Imam said, ‘The Holy Prophet has said, “Whoever is good in Islam will not be held responsible for his deeds in the times of ignorance and anyone who is not good in Islam will be held responsible for his acts of the past and those thereafter.’”
The Book of Belief and Disbelief
Disbelief Followed By Repentance Does Not Invalidate Deeds
1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ وَغَيْرِهِ عَنِ الْعَلاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ مَنْ كَانَ مُؤْمِناً فَعَمِلَ خَيْراً فِي إِيمَانِهِ ثُمَّ أَصَابَتْهُ فِتْنَةٌ فَكَفَرَ ثُمَّ تَابَ بَعْدَ كُفْرِهِ كُتِبَ لَهُ وَحُوسِبَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ عَمِلَهُ فِي إِيمَانِهِ وَلا يُبْطِلُهُ الْكُفْرُ إِذَا تَابَ بَعْدَ كُفْرِهِ.
1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub and others from al-‘Ala’ ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “One who has been a believer and had performed good deeds then suffers a misfortune and turns to disbelief, then after disbelief repents, all of the good deeds that he had performed as a believer will be written down for him. Disbelief does not invalidate them if he repents after his disbelief.”
The Book of Belief and Disbelief
People Protected from Misfortune
1ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِنَّ لله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ضَنَائِنَ يَضَنُّ بِهِمْ عَنِ الْبَلاءِ فَيُحْيِيهِمْ فِي عَافِيَةٍ وَيَرْزُقُهُمْ فِي عَافِيَةٍ وَيُمِيتُهُمْ فِي عَافِيَةٍ وَيَبْعَثُهُمْ فِي عَافِيَةٍ وَيُسْكِنُهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ فِي عَافِيَةٍ.
1. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from ibn Mahbub and others from abu Hamza from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, is protective of certain people against misfortunes. He gives them life in good health, provides them sustenance in good health, causes them to die in safety, will raise them on the Day of Judgment in good health and will admit them in paradise in good health.”
2ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ خَلَقَ خَلْقاً ضَنَّ بِهِمْ عَنِ الْبَلاءِ خَلَقَهُمْ فِي عَافِيَةٍ وَأَحْيَاهُمْ فِي عَافِيَةٍ وَأَمَاتَهُمْ فِي عَافِيَةٍ وَأَدْخَلَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ فِي عَافِيَةٍ.
2. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) saying, ‘Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, has created a creature that He is very acquisitively protective of. He has created them in peace and security, grants them life in peace and security, causes them to die in peace and security and will admit them in paradise in peace and security.’”
3ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ جَمِيعاً عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ الْقَدَّاحِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِنَّ لله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ضَنَائِنَ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ يَغْذُوهُمْ بِنِعْمَتِهِ وَيَحْبُوهُمْ بِعَافِيَتِهِ وَيُدْخِلُهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ بِرَحْمَتِهِ تَمُرُّ بِهِمُ الْبَلايَا وَالْفِتَنُ لا تَضُرُّهُمْ شَيْئاً.
3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad all from Ja’far ibn Muhammad from ibn al-Qaddah from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, is very protective of certain people in His creatures. He feeds them in bounties, grants them life in peace and security, will admit them in paradise with favor and mercy and He causes the misfortunes and afflictions to pass them by without harming them at all.”
The Book of Belief and Disbelief
Nation ’s Exemption From Certain Issues
1ـ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ الْمُسْتَرِقِّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ مَرْوَانَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ الله (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) رُفِعَ عَنْ أُمَّتِي أَرْبَعُ خِصَالٍ خَطَأُهَا وَنِسْيَانُهَا وَمَا أُكْرِهُوا عَلَيْهِ وَمَا لَمْ يُطِيقُوا وَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ رَبَّنا لا تُؤاخِذْنا إِنْ نَسِينا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنا رَبَّنا وَلا تَحْمِلْ عَلَيْنا إِصْراً كَما حَمَلْتَهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِنا رَبَّنا وَلا تُحَمِّلْنا ما لا طاقَةَ لَنا بِهِ وَقَوْلُهُ إِلا مَنْ أُكْرِهَ وَقَلْبُهُ مُطْمَئِنٌّ بِالإيمانِ.
1. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla ibn Muhammad from abu Dawud al-Mustriq who has that narrated to him ‘Amr ibn Marwan who has said the following: “I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) saying, ‘The Messenger of Allah has said, “My followers are exempt from responsibility for four things: Acting mistakenly, forgetting, being coerced and compelled, and for failing to act. This has been mentioned in the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, ‘Lord, do not hold us responsible for our forgetfulness and mistakes. Lord, do not lay upon us the burden that You laid upon those who lived before us. Lord, do not lay upon us what we cannot afford. Ignore and forgive our sins. Have mercy upon us. You are our Lord. Help us against the unbelievers,’ (2:286) also in His words, ‘No one verbally denounces his faith in Allah, unless he is forced, but his heart is confident with his faith. . . (16:106)
2ـ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ النَّهْدِيِّ رَفَعَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ الله (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) وُضِعَ عَنْ أُمَّتِي تِسْعُ خِصَالٍ الْخَطَأُ وَالنِّسْيَانِ وَمَا لا يَعْلَمُونَ وَمَا لا يُطِيقُونَ وَمَا اضْطُرُّوا إِلَيْهِ وَمَا اسْتُكْرِهُوا عَلَيْهِ وَالطِّيَرَةُ وَالْوَسْوَسَةُ فِي التَّفَكُّرِ فِي الْخَلْقِ وَالْحَسَدُ مَا لَمْ يُظْهِرْ بِلِسَانٍ أَوْ يَدٍ.
2. Al-Husayn ibn has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Hindi in a marfu’ manner from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘My followers are exempt from responsibilities in nine kinds of acts and conditions: 1. Acting by mistake, 2. Out of forgetfulness, 3. Things they have no knowledge of, 4. Things they are not able to do, 5. Things they needed badly, 6. Things they are compelled to do, 7. Omens, 8. Temptations in thinking about creatures, 9. Feeling envy as long as it is not expressed by their tongues or hands.’”
