Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

5522 - وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : "إِذَا بَلَغَتِ اَلْجَارِيَةُ تِسْعَ سِنِينَ دُفِعَ إِلَيْهَا مَالُهَا وَ جَازَ أَمْرُهَا فِي مَالِهَا وَ أُقِيمَتِ اَلْحُدُودُ اَلتَّامَّةُ لَهَا وَ عَلَيْهَا".

Hadith.5522 - Abu Abdullah (as), said: "When a girl reaches nine years of age, her wealth is handed over to her, her decisions regarding her wealth become valid, and the full legal punishments are applied for her and upon her."

5523 - وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ اَلصَّادِقِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ ۝ فَإِنْ آنَسْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ رُشْداً فَادْفَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوٰالَهُمْ ۝ قَالَ "إِينَاسُ اَلرُّشْدِ حِفْظُ اَلْمَالِ".

Hadith.5523 - It was narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), that he was asked about the saying of Allah (swt), the Exalted and Glorious: "But if you perceive in them sound judgment, then deliver their wealth to them" (Surah An-Nisa 4:6). Imam (as) said: "Perceiving sound judgment means the ability to safeguard wealth."

5524 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي تَفْسِيرِ هَذِهِ اَلْآيَةِ ۝ إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُمْ يُحِبُّونَ آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَارْفَعُوهُمْ دَرَجَةً ۝.

Hadith.5524 - In the narration of Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn from Abdullah ibn Al-Mughira from someone who mentioned from Abu Abdullah (as), that Imam (as) said in the interpretation of this verse: "If you perceive in them sound judgment, then deliver their wealth to them" (Surah An-Nisa 4:6). Imam (as) said: "If you see that they love the family of Muhammad (sw), peace be upon them, then elevate them in status."

5620 - رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ عَنِ اَلْعَلاَءِ بْنِ فُضَيْلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "إِنَّ اَلْوَلِيدَ وَ اَلطِّفْلَ لاَ يَحْجُبُكَ وَ لاَ يَرِثُكَ إِلاَّ مَنْ آذَنَ بِالصُّرَاخِ وَ لاَ شَيْءٌ أَكَنَّهُ اَلْبَطْنُ وَ إِنْ تَحَرَّكَ إِلاَّ مَا اِخْتَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ اَللَّيْلُ وَ اَلنَّهَارُ".

Hadith.5620 - Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Indeed, a newborn or an infant does not prevent you (from inheritance) nor inherits from you unless they have cried aloud. Anything concealed in the womb, even if it moves, has no share in inheritance except what the passage of night and day might change."

5525 - رَوَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ وَصِيِّ أَيْتَامٍ يُدْرِكُ أَيْتَامُهُ فَيَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَأْخُذُوا اَلَّذِي لَهُمْ فَيَأْبَوْنَ عَلَيْهِ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ "يَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ يُكْرِهُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ".

Hadith.5525 - Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa narrated from Sa'd ibn Isma'il from his father, who said: I asked Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) about the guardian of orphans whose wards have reached maturity. He offers them their rightful wealth, but they refuse to take it. What should he do? Imam (as) said: "He must return their wealth to them and compel them to take it."

5526 - رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ اَلْكُلَيْنِيُّ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَمَّنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : فِي رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ أَوْصَى إِلَى رَجُلٍ وَ لَهُ اِبْنٌ صَغِيرٌ فَأَدْرَكَ اَلْغُلاَمُ وَ ذَهَبَ إِلَى اَلْوَصِيِّ فَقَالَ لَهُ رُدَّ عَلَيَّ مَالِي لِأَتَزَوَّجَ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ فَذَهَبَ حَتَّى زَنَى قَالَ "يُلْزَمُ ثُلُثَيْ إِثْمِ زِنَى هَذَا اَلرَّجُلِ ذَلِكَ اَلْوَصِيُّ اَلَّذِي مَنَعَهُ اَلْمَالَ وَ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ فَكَانَ يَتَزَوَّجُ".

Hadith.5526 - Muhammad ibn Ya'qub Al-Kulayni, may Allah (swt) be pleased with him, narrated from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn Qays from someone who narrated from Abu Abdullah (as), who said regarding a man who died and appointed someone as the guardian of his affairs while leaving behind a young son. When the boy grew up, he went to the guardian and said: "Return my wealth to me so I can get married," but the guardian refused. The boy then went and committed adultery. Abu Abdullah (as), said: "Two-thirds of the sin of this man's adultery is upon the guardian who withheld his wealth and did not give it to him, which would have allowed him to marry."

5527 - رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي يَحْيَى اَلسَّعْدِيِّ عَنِ اَلْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ قَالَ : كُنَّا عَلَى بَابِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع وَ نَحْنُ جَمَاعَةٌ نَنْتَظِرُ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ إِذْ جَاءَتِ اِمْرَأَةٌ فَقَالَتْ أَيُّكُمْ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ فَقَالَ لَهَا اَلْقَوْمُ مَا تُرِيدِينَ مِنْهُ قَالَتْ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ فَقَالُوا لَهَا هَذَا فَقِيهُ أَهْلِ اَلْعِرَاقِ فَاسْأَلِيهِ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ زَوْجِي مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَ كَانَ لِي عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ مِنْ صَدَاقِي خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَأَخَذْتُ صَدَاقِي وَ أَخَذْتُ مِيرَاثِي ثُمَّ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَادَّعَى عَلَيْهِ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ فَشَهِدْتُ لَهُ قَالَ اَلْحَكَمُ فَبَيْنَا أَنَا أَحْسُبُ إِذْ خَرَجَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ فَقَالَ "مَا هَذَا اَلَّذِي أَرَاكَ تُحَرِّكُ بِهِ أَصَابِعَكَ يَا حَكَمُ " فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ هَذِهِ اَلْمَرْأَةَ ذَكَرَتْ أَنَّ زَوْجَهَا مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَ كَانَ لَهَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ صَدَاقِهَا خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَأَخَذَتْ مِنْهُ صَدَاقَهَا وَ أَخَذَتْ مِنْهُ مِيرَاثَهَا ثُمَّ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَادَّعَى عَلَيْهِ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ فَشَهِدَتْ لَهُ قَالَ اَلْحَكَمُ فَوَ اَللَّهِ مَا أَتْمَمْتُ اَلْكَلاَمَ حَتَّى قَالَ "أَقَرَّتْ بِثُلُثَيْ مَا فِي يَدَيْهَا وَ لاَ مِيرَاثَ لَهَا" قَالَ اَلْحَكَمُ فَمَا رَأَيْتُ وَ اَللَّهِ أَفْهَمَ مِنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَطُّ. قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَ تَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَا مِيرَاثَ حَتَّى يُقْضَى الدَّيْنُ وَ إِنَّمَا تَرَكَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الدَّيْنِ أَلْفٌ وَ خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ لَهَا وَ لِلرَّجُلِ فَلَهَا ثُلُثُ الْأَلْفِ لِأَنَّ لَهَا خَمْسَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ لِلرَّجُلِ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ فَلَهُ ثُلُثَاهَا.

Hadith.5527 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Jamil ibn Darraj from Zakariya ibn Abi Yahya Al-Sa'di from Al-Hakam ibn Utaibah, who said: We were sitting at the door of Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), as a group waiting for him to come out. Suddenly, a woman approached and asked: "Which of you is Abu Ja'far?" The people replied: "What do you need from him?" She said: "I want to ask him a question." They told her: "This is the jurist of the people of Iraq, so ask him." She said: "My husband passed away and left behind one thousand dirhams. I had a debt upon him from my dowry of five hundred dirhams. I took my dowry and also took my share of the inheritance. Then a man came and claimed that the deceased owed him one thousand dirhams, and I testified in his favor." Al-Hakam said: While I was pondering this, Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), came out and said: "What is this that I see you counting with your fingers, O' Hakam?" I said: "This woman mentioned that her husband died, leaving one thousand dirhams. She had five hundred dirhams as her dowry, which she took, and she also took her share of the inheritance. Then a man came claiming that the deceased owed him one thousand dirhams, and she testified in his favor." Al-Hakam said: By Allah (swt), I had not even finished speaking when Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), said: "She has admitted to two-thirds of what she possesses, and she has no right to any inheritance." Al-Hakam said: By Allah (swt), I have never seen anyone more insightful than Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as). Ibn Abi Umayr said: The explanation of this is that there is no inheritance until debts are settled. The deceased only left one thousand dirhams, while he owed a total debt of one thousand five hundred dirhams - five hundred dirhams to her (as her dowry) and one thousand dirhams to the man. Therefore, she is entitled to one-third of the remaining amount because of her five hundred dirham debt, and the man is entitled to two-thirds due to his claim of one thousand dirhams.

5528 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ مَمْلُوكَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَقَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ قِيمَتُهُ مِثْلَ اَلَّذِي عَلَيْهِ وَ مِثْلَهُ جَازَ عِتْقُهُ وَ إِلاَّ لَمْ يَجُزْ".

Hadith.5528 - Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Jamil ibn Darraj from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who freed his slave at the time of his death while he had a debt upon him. Imam (as) said: "If the value of the slave is equal to the amount of debt he owes or more, then his emancipation is valid; otherwise, it is not valid."

5529 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ : سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى إِلَى رَجُلٍ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ دَيْناً فَقَالَ "يَقْضِي اَلرَّجُلُ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ دَيْنِهِ وَ يَقْسِمُ مَا بَقِيَ بَيْنَ اَلْوَرَثَةِ" قُلْتُ فَيُفَرِّقُ اَلْوَصِيُّ مَا كَانَ أُوصِيَ بِهِ فِي اَلدَّيْنِ مِمَّنْ يُؤْخَذُ اَلدَّيْنُ أَ مِنَ اَلْوَرَثَةِ أَمْ مِنَ اَلْوَصِيِّ فَقَالَ "لاَ يُؤْخَذُ مِنَ اَلْوَرَثَةِ وَ لَكِنَّ اَلْوَصِيَّ ضَامِنٌ لَهُ".

Hadith.5529 - In the narration of Aban ibn Uthman, it is reported that a man asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who had made a will appointing someone as his executor, stating that he had a debt upon him. Abu Abdullah (as), said: "The executor should settle the debt owed by the deceased and then distribute whatever remains among the heirs." The man then asked: "Should the executor distribute what was bequeathed for the debt? Should the debt be collected from the heirs or from the executor?" Imam (as) replied: "It is not to be taken from the heirs; rather, the executor is responsible for it."

5530 - رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَيَضْمَنُهُ ضَامِنٌ لِلْغُرَمَاءِ قَالَ "إِذَا رَضِيَ اَلْغُرَمَاءُ فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ ذِمَّةُ اَلْمَيِّتِ".

Hadith.5530 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who dies while owing a debt, and a guarantor assumes responsibility for it on behalf of the creditors. Imam (as) said: "If the creditors agree, then the deceased is cleared of responsibility."